Book Three: Chronicles Three

In the spring of the year 420 AD, on the first day of the first month, which was Yihai Day, the era name was changed to "Putong," and a general amnesty was declared nationwide! The court promoted officials in civil and military service who had achievements, and the filial sons, those who showed brotherly love, and hardworking farmers were also promoted in their ranks. The very poor were exempted from their annual taxes; the court provided special care for the elderly, orphans, and widows. On Bingzi Day of the first month, a solar eclipse occurred. On Jimao Day of the first month, Wei Rui, the Right General of Peace, was appointed as Grand Commandant and concurrently as the Governor of Yangzhou; Xiao Jing, the General of Peace in the West and the Supervisor of Yangzhou, was appointed as General of Peace in the West and concurrently as the Governor of Yingshou. Because his mother passed away, Wang Jian, the Left Deputy of the Imperial Secretary, resigned, and Wang Fen, the Golden Purple Grand Master of Guanglu, took over as the Left Deputy of the Imperial Secretary. On Gengzi Day of the first month, envoys from Funan and Goryeo came to pay tribute.

On Renzi Day of the second month, the Star of the Elderly appeared. On Guichou Day of the second month, the Crown Prince An of Goryeo was appointed General of Ningdong and was enthroned as the King of Goryeo. On Bingxu Day of the third month, envoys from Hua Guo came to pay tribute. On Jiawu Day of the fourth month, envoys from the King of Henan came to pay tribute. On Dingwei Day of the sixth month, Wei Rui, the General of the Guard, was appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry. On Jimao Day of the seventh month, the Yangtze River, Huai River, and the sea all experienced severe flooding! On Xinmao Day of the seventh month, Shao Ling Wang Lun, the General of Trustworthiness and Might, was appointed as the Governor of Jiangzhou. On Gengxu Day of the eighth month, the Star of the Elderly appeared again. On Jiazi Day of the eighth month, the newly appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry, Wei Rui, passed away. On Yihai Day of the ninth month, a bright star appeared in the east, shining like fire. On Xinhai Day of the tenth month, Prince Shenyi of Changsha, the General of Proclamation and Benevolence, was appointed as the General of the Guard. On Xinyou Day of the tenth month, the Intendant of Danyang, Prince Gang of Jin'an, was appointed General of Pacification in the West and concurrently as the Governor of Yizhou.

In a certain year, during the first month, the emperor appointed Prince Zong of Yuzhang as the Right General. The newly appointed Governor of Yizhou, Prince Gang of Jin'an, was reassigned to Governor of Xuzhou. A few days later, the emperor personally went to the southern suburbs to offer sacrifices. A decree was issued, stating: "Spring is the time when all things grow. We devoutly offer sacrifices to heaven and earth to express our respect and hope for favorable weather, peace for the people, and prosperity. The lonely elderly and orphans who cannot survive on their own should be well taken care of by all levels of government, providing them with clothing and food so that they can live worry-free and peacefully in their old age. A care home should also be established in the capital to provide a place for orphans and widows to live and be supported. If they unfortunately pass away, their affairs should be properly handled. Particularly impoverished families should be exempt from taxes." Afterwards, the emperor ordered a general amnesty throughout the country.

On a day in February, the emperor again personally went to the Mingtang to offer sacrifices. On a day in March, a heavy snowfall occurred, with snow accumulating to a depth of three feet. On a day in April, the emperor decided to renovate the southern and northern suburbs. Another decree was issued, stating: "We should fear heaven, follow the timing of heaven, personally cultivate the land, and make sincere sacrifices, praying for the blessings of heaven, favorable weather, and abundant harvests. The previous sacrificial site in the south was not in line with the proper rituals and should be moved to the east, selecting fertile land with an area of about one thousand mu, to align with ancient customs." On a day in May, the Wan and Yan Halls caught fire, burning down three thousand rooms in the rear palace. The emperor issued another decree, saying: "Although the ministers have all expressed their congratulations on the auspicious signs, which reflects your loyalty to the court, I feel a deep sense of guilt. Only when the country truly enjoys favorable weather and the people live in peace and prosperity can it be said to be a blessing from heaven. There are still many shortcomings in governance, and the social climate needs improvement. How can we say it is a blessing from heaven? This only adds to my feelings of self-reproach. Therefore, in the future, do not offer congratulations on auspicious signs."

On a certain day in June, General Xin Wei and the Governor of Yizhou, Wensengming, rebelled and defected to the Wei Kingdom. On a certain day in July, the Emperor appointed Grand Craftsman Pei Sui as the military governor, leading the army north to suppress the rebels. On a certain day in July, the Elder Star appeared. The Governor of Jingzhou in the Wei Kingdom, Huanshuxing, led his army to surrender. On a certain day in August, a well miraculously appeared in the fields of Shigu Village in Shiping County, with a diameter of 6.5 feet and a depth of thirty-two zhang (approximately 104 meters). In November, Baekje and Silla each sent envoys to pay tribute. On a certain day in December, the Emperor appointed General of the East, King Yulong of Baekje, as General of Ningdong.

In a certain year (specific year to be supplemented based on historical records), in March on the day of Gengzi, the court conducted personnel adjustments. Yuan Ang was promoted to the Chief of the Imperial Secretariat, Wang Jian was promoted to the Left Deputy of the Ministry of Personnel, and Wang Fen was transferred to the Right Grand Master of Splendor. This really had some celebrating while others were left in despair! On the day of Gengxu, an earthquake struck Beijing, leaving everyone terrified! On the day of Jiwu, Prince Xulian was appointed as the Governor of Yongzhou, effectively being exiled.

In March of Yimao, Prince of Baling, Xiaoping, passed away. Alas, life is unpredictable! In April of Dingmao, Prince of Ruyin, Liu Duan, also passed away. Within one month, two princes passed away successively, which truly left many in mourning. On the first day of May, on the day of Rencheng, a solar eclipse occurred, but it passed quickly. On the day of Guisi, the court issued a general amnesty throughout the country, and the news spread everywhere. The common people all came forward to report grievances and hardships, while officials also filed petitions, and individuals of integrity who dared to speak out were recommended from all corners.

By the time autumn arrived, on the day of Xinyou in August, the suburban sacrifices and land registration ceremonies ended smoothly, and the craftsmen involved in the construction all received grants, although the amounts varied. On the day of Jiazi, the seldom-seen Elder Star appeared, a good omen! The countries of Poli and Baiti both sent envoys to pay tribute, a testament to our country's great prestige!

On a winter day in the tenth month of the Bing Zi year, Yuan Ang was once again given the title of General of the Central Guard, and his rank continued to rise. On the first day of the eleventh month in the Jia Wu year, King Shixing passed away. Before his death, he held the titles of Fuming General, Grand Minister of State, and Chief General, showing his high status and importance. On the day of the Xin Chou year, Xiao Yuanzao succeeded him and was appointed as Chief General.

In the spring of a certain year, on the first day of the Xin Mao year, the emperor personally went to the southern suburbs to offer sacrifices and then ordered a general amnesty throughout the country. Relief was given to all the poor and sick, and these decrees were transmitted to all parts of the country, while also addressing backlogged cases. On the day of the Bing Wu year, the emperor again personally went to the Ming Tang to offer sacrifices. On the second day of the Geng Wu year, the Star of the Elderly appeared. On the day of the Yi Hai year, the emperor personally went to the fields to plow. The imperial edict stated: "Plowing fields is of great importance! Abundant harvests of grains come from this, and rituals are established because of this. Wise ancient kings used this as a model for governance. Considering the Eight Policies of Governance, I have specially cultivated thousands of mu of land, requiring all officials and ministers to strictly follow the rituals. After the completion of the ritual, the fragrance is continuous. With favorable weather conditions, on this auspicious day, I wish to encourage all. I command all regions to open up good farmland, making full use of land resources whether public or private. If someone wants to engage in agricultural production but lacks seeds and food, loans and relief must be provided, ensuring that everyone benefits. Those who are filial to their parents, love their siblings, and work hard in farming can be promoted by one level. Officials involved in farming must ensure timely distribution of labor wine."

On the Renyin day in March, Prince Zong of Yuzhang was appointed as General for Pacifying the North and Inspector of Southern Yanzhou. On the Yichou day in June, Xizhou was established in Yi Province, Aizhou in Jiaozhou, Chengzhou, Nandingzhou, Hezhou, and Jianzhou in Guangzhou, and Yizhou in Huozhou. On the Dingmao day in August, the Old Man Star reappeared. On the Gengwu day in October, Yuan Ang was appointed as Minister of Central Affairs and General of the Guards, while keeping his original position and also being appointed as the Chancellor. On the Jimao day, General Chang Yizhi died. On the Guimao day in November, a solar eclipse occurred, and Venus was visible in broad daylight. On the Jiachen day, Wang Fen, the Left Chancellor, died. On the Wuwu day in December, the minting of iron coins began. The envoy of the Wolf Tooth Xiu Kingdom presented tribute items.

In a certain year, in January, Prince Wei of Nanping was promoted and received a raise, becoming the General Who Guards the Town and was also given a better position as the Right Guanglu Grand Master, with no change in previous treatment. Prince Hui of Poyang was also promoted from General Who Conquers the West to Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, with still high treatment. Xiahou Dan became the Central Guardian, and Wang Fen was promoted to Left Guanglu Grand Master, with an additional honorary title of "Specially Advanced." A few days later, Prince Zong of Yuzhang and Prince Gang of Jin'an were also promoted to General Who Guards the North and General Who Pacifies the North respectively.

In February, Wang Fen, the Left Guanglu Grand Master, died. In the same month, reports indicated that the Old Man Star was seen again. In March, a new East Yangzhou was carved out of Yangzhou and Jiangzhou. In April, Prince Ji of Nankang was appointed Inspector of Jiangzhou. In June, reports claimed a tornado struck Qu'a Wangpo, moving westward toward Jianling City, knocking down trees along the way and clearing a wide area of several dozen zhang. Afterwards, Prince Ji of Wuling was appointed as Inspector of East Yangzhou. Yuan Shu was appointed as General for Pacifying the North, overseeing Beiqingzhou and Yanzhou, leading troops to the north.

In July, the court granted titles to the volunteer forces involved in the Northern Expedition. In August, Cheng Jingjun captured Tongcheng in the Wei Kingdom. In September, he also captured Suiling City. At the same time, Zhao Jingyue laid siege to Jing Mountain. Pei Sui attacked Shouyang; although he breached Luo City, he ultimately failed to capture it. In October, Pei Sui and Yuan Shu attacked Jianling City and successfully breached it. They also went on to capture Qumu. Peng Baosun achieved continuous victories, seizing Langye and Tanqiu cities. Pei Sui continued his campaign, capturing Dicheng and Picheng, and then stationed at Lijiang. Wei Jingxin surrendered, and Cao Shizong captured both Quyang City and Qinxu. The defenders of Meixi and Panxi in the Wei Kingdom abandoned their posts and fled.

In November, Peng Baosun seized Dongguan City. Pei Sui seized Ancheng in Shouyang. Matou and Ancheng both surrendered. In December, Jing Mountain also surrendered. Li Guoxing captured Pingjing Pass, and Yang Faqian captured Wuyang Pass and Xianguan.

In the first few days of January in a certain year, General Anbei, Prince Jin'an, dispatched Chancellor Liu Jin to capture Nanxiang County in the Wei Kingdom, while Sima Dongdang captured Jincheng in the Wei Kingdom. A few days later, they also captured Maquan and Diaoyang. The emperor personally went to the southern outskirts to perform sacrifices and issued a nationwide amnesty. Later, Yuan Faseng, the Zhen Dong General and Governor of Xuzhou, surrendered along with Pengcheng. The front troops of Yongzhou also captured Xinchai County in the Wei Kingdom. The emperor issued a decree saying, "Our strategic plan is set, and military operations are officially underway! General Xiyuan Zao, you must lead your troops to advance; Prince Yuzhang, you lead the army to advance quickly; other troops, depart according to the plan, and logistics support must be well-prepared. I will lead the army with a majestic force, like a dragon boat gliding across the river!" They then captured Zhengcheng in the Wei Kingdom and appointed the surrendered Yuan Faseng as the Minister of Works.

In early February, the star of the old man, which the elders often mention, appeared. Prince Xu of Luling returned to the court from southern Xuzhou to report on military progress. Zhao Jingyue captured Longkang City in the Wei Kingdom. In early March, the Year Star appeared near the Southern Dipper. The emperor ordered that the newly surrendered people would be exempt from taxes and forced labor, and that past crimes should not be pursued. The emperor also inspected the troops stationed in Baixia City. Prince Zong of Yuzhang was appointed as the top military commander in the Pengcheng region and also served as the governor of Xuzhou. Yuan Jinglong and Yuan Jingzhong of the Wei Kingdom were appointed as governors of Hengzhou and Guangzhou, respectively.

In early May, the Suyu Weir was built, and water conservancy projects dating back to Cao Cao's era were repaired in Jiyin. Seeing the Tai Bai star during the day was a rare sight! The emperor sent Xiahou Dan to lead the army of Shouyang to the north. In early June, Prince Zong of Yuzhang unexpectedly defected to the Wei Kingdom, and the Wei Kingdom reoccupied Pengcheng. In early July, the emperor issued another general amnesty. In early August, Cao Zhongzong was appointed as the commanding general. In August, the old man star appeared again. On an unspecified day in December, Prince Lun of Shaoling committed a crime, was dismissed, and his title and fief were revoked. On the same day in the same month, an earthquake occurred in the capital.

On the first day of the first month of the seventh year AD, which fell on a Xinchou day, the emperor ordered a general amnesty, pardoning all criminals below the death penalty. A few days later, on the Dingmao day, the state of Hua sent envoys to pay tribute.

On the seventh day of the second month, which was a Jiaxu day, the northern army was finally able to withdraw and rest. In the same month, Henan also sent envoys to pay tribute. On the Dinghai day, that night, I spotted the old man star! On the ninth day of the third month, which was a Yimao day, Goryeo also sent envoys to pay tribute, what a joyous event!

On the 8th day of the fourth month, the day of Yiyu, oh, the bad news has arrived: Wang Hong, the Grand Commandant and King of Linchuan, has passed away. In order to strengthen local administration, Nan Province was restructured as a Commandant, and their salaries were raised. The Emperor also ordered all officials in court to recommend those honest officials, two officials from each state annually, and one from larger states.

On the 6th day of the sixth month, the day of Jimao, the Kingdom of Linyi also sent tribute. On the 6th day of the ninth month, the day of Jiyu, another high-ranking official has died: Prince Huai of Poyang has passed away. This year has truly been a tumultuous autumn.

On the 8th day of the tenth month, the day of Xinwei, the Emperor appointed the Intendant of Danyang, King Yi of Xiangdong, as Governor of Jingzhou. On the 26th day of the eleventh month, the day of Gengchen, the Emperor issued another general amnesty across the nation. Oh, what a coincidence, on this day, Lady Ding Gui also passed away. On the 28th day of the eleventh month, the day of Xinsi, the army led by Xiahou Dan, Hu Longya, Yuanshu, and Cao Shizong captured Shouyang City; finally, some good news arrived. On the day of Dinghai, we sent back Li Xian, the Inspector of Yangzhou in the Wei Kingdom, to the north. In order to consolidate the military achievements, we renamed Shouyang to Yuzhou, and Hefei to Nanyuzhou. At the same time, Xiahou Dan was appointed Governor of both Yuzhou and Nanyuzhou. Yuanshu was also promoted from General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Yingzhou to General Who Maintains the West. The new Prefect of Xinye in the Wei Kingdom has also surrendered.

In the first month of the first year of Datong, the emperor appointed Xu Mian as the Minister of Rites and concurrently as the General of the Central Guard. The emperor issued a decree, saying: "I have always been focused on benefiting the people, but I always feel that time is not enough and the situation of the country is constantly changing, so we need to continuously improve our measures. The salaries of officials have always been fixed, but the implementation has been relatively lax over the years. Recently, we have been following the old system and have not had time to reform. From now on, we will switch to distributing cash on time without delays. Any lost public property, regardless of its value, will not incur any penalties. However, losses related to military supplies and both public and private property are excluded from this exemption." On a specific day in the first month, the emperor personally went to the southern suburbs to offer sacrifices. The emperor issued a decree, saying: "Offer sacrifices devoutly according to the seasons, hoping to receive the blessings from heaven. Those who have left their hometown for various reasons and are stranded elsewhere will be allowed to return home and will be exempt from corvée for five years. Families facing extreme poverty will be exempt from taxes for three years. Filial sons and diligent farmers may be granted a noble title." This month, Xiahou Kui, the Governor of Sizhou, led his troops to attack the Three Passes, and all were successfully captured. On a certain day in May, the summer, Cheng Jingjuan captured Lintong and Zhuyi of the Wei Kingdom. On a day in August, the autumn, the Elder Star appeared. On a day in October, the winter, Yuan Qinghe, the Governor of Dongyu Prefecture in the Wei Kingdom, surrendered along with Woyang. A few days later, the emperor issued a special pardon for Dongyu Prefecture. On a day in November, the emperor appointed Xiao Yuanzao as the Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Expedition and the General Conquering the North, stationed in Woyang. He also appointed Yuan Ang as the Minister of Rites, General of the Central Guard, and concurrently as the Chief of the Secretariat, and established the Western Xuzhou in Woyang. Goryeo also dispatched envoys to pay tribute.

In the spring of a certain year in the Gregorian calendar, on the Gengshen day in the first month of the lunar calendar, though I can't recall the exact date, it was definitely a Gengshen day. Sikong Yuanfaseng was promoted and became the General of the Central Forces. Yuan Ang, the Director of the Imperial Secretariat, Prefect of the Masters of Writing, General of the Guards, and Supervisor of the Palace Attendants, was also promoted and titled as the Grand General of Central Defense, which sounded quite imposing. Xiao Ang, the Minister of the Guards, was appointed as the Commander of the Central Army. After the Gengshen day, on the Youshen day, emissaries from Rui Rui Country came to present some treasures as tribute.

On the Jiawu day of the second month, the old man star appeared in the sky, and that was a good omen! In this month, we also constructed the Hanshan Weir, a major project benefiting the country and the people. On the Renxu day of the third month, Yuan Ji, the Governor of Jiangzhou, was appointed as the Right General for Peace. By the Xinchou day of the fourth month, summer arrived, and Yuan Yuanda, the Inspector of Yingzhou in the Wei Kingdom, surrendered his territory to us, so we established the North Sizhou to govern this area. At that time, the Wei Kingdom was in chaos, as their Prince of Beihai, Yuan Hao, Prince of Linhuai, Yuan Yu, and Prince of Runan, Yuan Yue, all came to us for refuge; even their Inspectors of Beiqingzhou, Yuan Shijun, and Nanzhengzhou, Li Zhi, surrendered with their territories.

On the Dinghai day of the sixth month, the Prince of Linhuai in the Wei Kingdom, Yuan Yu, wanted to return, and we agreed to let him go back. By the Dinghai day of the tenth month, winter arrived, and we proclaimed Yuan Hao, the Prince of Beihai in the Wei Kingdom, Emperor of Wei, and sent General Chen Qingzhi of the Eastern Palace to escort him back to his country. Deng Xian, the Inspector of Yuzhou in the Wei Kingdom, also surrendered with his territory. Indeed, troubled times bring forth both heroes and those who surrender!

In the year 502 AD, on a certain day in January, the Emperor personally went to the southern suburbs to offer sacrifices, and then granted a general amnesty. Those who were filial to their parents, loving towards their siblings, and diligent in farming were all promoted one rank. A few days later, Yuan Yue, the Prince of Runan in the Wei Kingdom, requested to return to his fiefdom, and the Emperor granted his request. A few days later, the Emperor personally went to the Mingtang to offer sacrifices.

One day in February, the emperor appointed Wuling King Ji of Danyang as the governor of Jiangzhou. A few days later, the Rui Rui Kingdom sent envoys to present some tributes. One day in March, the emperor appointed Henan Prince Aluo Zhen as the General of Ningxi, concurrently serving as governor of Xiqin and Hesha. A few days later, Xiao Yuanzao was appointed as the Zhongquan General. In April, the emperor appointed Nankang King Ji as the General of the Guard. Not long after, Chen Qingzhi captured Liangcheng from Wei, then broke through Kaocheng, and captured Prince Yuanyiye of Jiying of Wei.

In May, the army captured Daliang City, then captured Hulao City. Emperor Yuanzi of Wei fled Luoyang for Hebei. Yuan Hao took the opportunity to enter Luoyang. In June, the emperor declared a general amnesty. A few days later, Jin Hong, the governor of Huaiyin of Wei, surrendered along with Huyang City. After some time, Nankang King Ji died. Shortly after, Erzhu Rong of Wei assassinated Yuan Hao and took back control of Luoyang.

In September, the Huabiao at Zhuque Hall caught fire. The emperor appointed General Yang Kan as the governor of Qingzhou and Jizhou. A few days later, the emperor went to Tongtai Temple to hold a large-scale Buddhist event, during which someone made a selfless sacrifice, and the court donated one hundred million coins to redeem them. In October, the emperor returned to the palace, declared another general amnesty, and changed the reign title.

In November, the emperor promoted Yuan Ang to the Grand General of Zhongfu, with the title of Kaifu Yitong Sansi, and appointed him as the director of the Palace Library. Nanping Prince Wei was promoted to the Grand General of Zhenwei, Kaifu Yitong Sansi, and appointed as the Crown Prince's tutor. Xiao Chen and Lu Gao were both promoted to Jinziguanglu Dafu with special privileges. Yuan Faseng was promoted to the General of Chariots and Cavalry. Xiao Yuanzao was reinstated as the General of the Guard, and Xiao Ang was appointed as the General of the Army. A few days later, Yan Shixin, the governor of Bazu in Wei, surrendered along with the city. In December, the Panpan Kingdom sent envoys to present some tributes.

In the spring of a certain year, on the first day of the first month, which was Wuyin day, the court appointed Prince Gang of Jin'an as the Grand General of Cavalry and Governor of Yangzhou, while also appointing Prince Xu of Luling as the General Who Pacifies the North and Governor of Yongzhou. This was truly a major change in the official circles, with several important positions being adjusted all at once. A few days later, on the day of Guiwei, that evening, the elders said they saw the Old Man Star, which was a good omen!

After a few months, in the summer on the day of Gengshen in the fourth month, there was a huge hailstorm, which was quite a sight! Immediately after, on the day of Renshen, the court appointed Prince Fofu of Henan as the General Who Pacifies the West and Governor of Xiqin and Heshui. These appointments came in quick succession, keeping everyone busy. On the day of Dingsi in June, the court sent the Grand Guardian of Wei, Prince Yuanyue of Runan, back to the northern border to see the Emperor of Wei. On the day of Gengshen, the court also appointed the Left Chancellor, Fan Zun, as the General Who Pacifies the North and Governor of Sizhou, ordering him to go north with Yuanyue to campaign. During this time, the countries of Linyi and Funan also sent envoys to present treasures, which was truly a series of joyful events!

As autumn arrived, on the day of Gengxu in August, the Emperor hosted a banquet at Deyang Hall and personally bid farewell to Yuanyue returning to Wei. The ceremony was quite grand! Unfortunately, the good times were short-lived, as during this period, several counties under Kuaiji Commandery were plagued by mountain bandits who began to cause chaos, robbing and disturbing the locals. On the day of Renwu in September, the court promptly appointed General Zhan Hai Zhen as the General of Super Martial to lead troops in suppressing the bandits. It seems that affairs in the official circles and local security are always closely related.

In a certain year, on the first day of the first month, the Emperor went to the southern outskirts to make sacrifices, then issued a general amnesty and awarded titles and ranks to those who honored their parents, were loving towards their siblings, and were diligent in farming. Later that month, Zheng Xianhu was appointed General of the North. In the second month, the Emperor once again personally went to Mingtang to offer sacrifices. In this month, two events occurred: the sighting of the Old Man Star and the passing of Xiao Chen. Afterwards, Yuan Jinglong was appointed as the General Who Pacifies the Right.

In April, the Crown Prince died, which was a major event! In June, Xiao Yuanyou was appointed as the Central Protectorate, Xu Mian was promoted and became a Special Grand Master and Right Minister of Rites. The Dandan Kingdom also sent envoys bearing gifts. In the same month, the Emperor bestowed titles on several princes: Huarong Gong Huan became the Prince of Yuzhang Commandery, Zhijiang Gong Yu became the Prince of Hedong Commandery, and Qu'a Gong Cha became the Prince of Yueyang Commandery.

In July, the Emperor appointed Prince Jing'an Wang Gang as the Crown Prince, declared a general amnesty, and rewarded those who were devoted to their parents and diligent in their duties with promotions and titles. Xie Ju was appointed as the Minister of Personnel. The Emperor also issued an edict to reward the imperial relatives based on their closeness to the royal family. Those who were close were still granted titles according to the previous regulations. He Jingrong was appointed as the Right Assistant Minister of Personnel. In the same month, the Elder Star was spotted again.

In September, Xiao Yuanzao was appointed as the General for the Northern Campaign and the Governor of Nanyan Prefecture. The Kingdom of Langyaxiu also sent gifts. In October, the Emperor went to the Tongtai Temple and personally lectured on the "Great Prajna Nirvana Sutra." Xiao Zhengze, who had previously committed a crime and been exiled, actually recruited some outlaws and attempted to attack Guangzhou, but was ultimately subdued.

In November, the Emperor went to the Tongtai Temple again, this time lecturing on the "Mahaprajna Paramita Sutra," which continued until December. That year, edible wild grains grew in Wuxing Commandery, marking it as a year of bountiful harvest!

In a certain year (the specific year to be determined based on historical records), on the first day of the first month, it was the Bingyin new moon. The court was in full swing, first promoting Wei, the Prince of Nanping, who was the General of the Guards and Chancellor of the State, to Grand Marshal, promoting Yuan Fangseng, the Minister of Construction, to Grand Commandant, and promoting Yuan Ang, the Prefect of the Masters of Writing, Grand General of Central Authority, and Chancellor of the State, to Minister of Works. Next, the son of Prince Hong of Linchuan was granted the title of Prince of Linhe Commandery. A few days later, Prince Lun of Shaoling was appointed Inspector of Yangzhou. Xue Fahua was appointed General Who Pacifies the North and Governor of Sizhou, and escorted Yuan Yue to Luoyang. A few days later, the Emperor appointed his legitimate grandson as Prince of Xuan City. Lastly, Liu Shiming, the Governor of Nanyanzhou in the State of Wei, surrendered with the city and was made Governor of Qiaozhou, and the name of Nanyanzhou was changed to Qiaozhou. That month, something interesting happened: on the seventh day of the second month, the Old Man Star appeared. Yuan Fangseng had just been appointed Grand Commandant when he immediately returned north to become the Emperor of Eastern Wei. The court then appointed Yuan Jinglong as General Who Conquers the North and Inspector of Xuzhou; Yang Kan as General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Yanzhou; and Yuan Shu as General Who Guards the North. A few days later, the newly appointed Inspector of Yangzhou, Prince Lun of Shaoling, got into trouble, was dismissed, and reduced to commoner status. Shortly thereafter, Prince Ji of Wuling took over as Inspector of Yangzhou, while Xiao Ang took over as Inspector of Jiangzhou from Prince Ji of Wuling. That month, something rare occurred in Shaoling County: a white deer was captured. In the third month, Xiao Zixian submitted a memorial suggesting the appointment of one assistant for the "Classic of Filial Piety" and ten students to specifically study Emperor Gaozu's annotations on the "Classic of Filial Piety."

In April, Panpan sent envoys to present some tributes. In July, a meteor shower appeared in the sky, and it must have been a spectacular sight. In August, Lu Gao passed away. In September, the Crown Prince of Nanping was appointed as the leading general; Prince Luling was promoted to General of Anbei; Prince Yixu was promoted to General of Pingxi; Yuan Ang was appointed as the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. In November, Goryeo also sent envoys to present tributes. At the end of the year, Yuan Faseng was promoted again, appointed as the Grand General of the Cavalry, with the same ceremonial rank as the Three Ministers, and the Governor of Yingzhou. This year saw many personnel changes in the court!

On the first day of the first month in the fifth year, it was a day of Xinyou. The emperor personally went to the southern suburbs to offer sacrifices, then granted amnesty to the world, promoting those who were filial to their parents, loving to their siblings, and diligent in farming by one rank. On the night before the sacrifice, the officials of the southern suburbs, who had arrived to prepare for the sacrifice, suddenly caught a whiff of a strange fragrance wafting through the air three times. When the sacrificial ceremony began and the music to welcome the gods concluded, suddenly, a divine light appeared on the altar, vibrant with colors of red, purple, yellow, and white, lasting for the duration of a meal before disappearing. Taizai Wuling King Ji and others reported this to the emperor. On the Wushen day of the first month, there was an earthquake in the capital. On the day of Jiyu, a long comet appeared in the sky. On the day of Xinhai, the emperor again went to the Mingtang to offer sacrifices himself. On the day of Guichou, Xuan Cheng Wang Daqi was appointed as the General of the Central Army. Henan sent envoys to present rare treasures.

On the Guiwei day in February, the emperor went for a visit to the Tongtai Temple and also held a grand Four-Part Assembly. Emperor Gaozu personally took to the Dharma seat and recited the "Diamond Sutra of Mahaprajnaparamita," continuing until the day of Jichou. During this time, the Old Man Star made an appearance. On the Bingchen day in March, Grand Marshal Wang Wei of Nanping passed away. On the Guiyou day in April, Zang Dun was appointed as the Imperial Censor and the Leading General. On the Wuzi day in May, heavy rain poured down in the capital, flooding the Imperial Road to the point where boats could actually sail on it! On the Jimao day in June, Lan Bao, the Lord of Jianyi City in the Wei Kingdom, killed the Eastern Xu Prefect of the Wei Kingdom and then surrendered the city of Xiapi. On the Xinmao day in July, Xiapi was renamed Wuzhou. On the Gengshen day in August, Yuan Jinglong, the former Xu Prefect, was appointed as the Right General of Peace. During this time, the Old Man Star appeared again. On the Jiazi day, envoys from Persia presented some precious treasures. On the Jiashen day, Central Protector Xiao Yuanyou passed away. On the Jihai day in September, Prince Linhe Zhengde, the General of Light Chariots, was appointed as the Central Protector. On the Jiayin day, Yuan Ang, the Prefect of the Imperial Secretariat and Minister of Works, was appointed as an Imperial Attendant and the Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, with no change in his position as Minister of Works. The Panpan Kingdom sent envoys bearing precious treasures. On the Gengshen day in October, He Jingrong, the Right Supervisor of the Imperial Secretariat, was appointed as the Left Supervisor, Xie Ju, the Minister of Personnel, was appointed as the Right Supervisor, and Xiao Zixian, the Palace Attendant and National Confucian Sacrificial Official, was appointed as the Minister of Personnel.

In the spring of the sixth year AD, on the Guihai day in February, the emperor personally went to plow the fields, symbolizing the importance of agriculture, and also ordered a general amnesty. Those who were filial to their parents, loving towards their siblings, and diligent in cultivating the land would all be promoted by one rank. What a wonderful day that was!

On the Jihai day in March, the emperor appointed Prince of Henan Keda as the Prefects of Western Qinzhou and Hezhou, while still retaining his title as Prince of Henan. This was truly a promotion with added titles, as one person held multiple titles! On the Jiachen day in the same month, the envoy from Baekje came to present various treasures. It seems that our country's reputation is spreading far and wide!

On the Dingmao day of the fourth month of summer, Mars appeared near the Southern Dipper, an astronomical phenomenon, though its significance was unclear. In the Jiachen day of the seventh month of autumn, the country of Linyi sent envoys to offer tribute, which really stirred up diplomatic relations. On the Jiwei day of the eighth month, the emperor appointed Prince Yang Shaoxian of Wuxing as the governors of Qinzhou and South Qinhuang in Nanliang. The frequent changes in appointments suggested that personnel changes were constantly happening in the court.

In the winter, on the Dingmao day of the tenth month, the emperor appointed General Yuan Qinghe as the General Who Pacifies the North, leading troops northward to attack the enemy. This was a significant action, suggesting unrest at the border. On the Bingwu day of the twelfth month, two thunders were heard from the southwest, which is quite rare in winter.

In the first year of Datong, on the first day of the first month, the emperor changed the era name to Datong and issued a nationwide amnesty. On the Jima day of the sixth month, the Old Man Star made an appearance, and the emperor himself went to the Mingtang to make sacrifices on the Xinsi day of the fourteenth month. Subsequently, on the Dingsi day of the eighteenth month, the emperor personally went to the fields to get a taste of a farmer's life. After that, both Goryeo and Dandan sent over gifts on the Xinchou day of the twenty-second month. On the Xunwei day of the twenty-eighth month, King An Le Sa Dan of the Hua Kingdom also sent gifts.

On the Gengzi day of the seventh month, Persia also came to bring gifts. On the Jiachen day of the eleventh month, Liu Ji was promoted to the governor of Xuzhou. On the Rengxu day of the fifteenth month, Prince Xuyue of Luling was also promoted to General of Annan and Governor of Jiangzhou. On the Yimao day of the thirteenth month, the Old Man Star appeared again. On the Xinmao day of the eighteenth month, Funan Country also came to bring gifts. On the Xinmao day of the twenty-sixth month, Xiao Yuanzao was appointed as the Guard General.

On November 22nd, Xu Mian passed away. He was the General of Zhongwei, an Imperial Attendant, and a Senior Grand Master of Ceremonies during his lifetime! On November 27th, Lan Qin captured Hanzhong, and Yuan Luo of the Wei state surrendered. On November 28th, the court awarded rewards to the people of Liangzhou who had surrendered. On November 29th, Yang Fashen was promoted and became General of Pingbei. Additionally, this month saw the Moon move to the star in the left corner. On December 5th, Yang Huiyi was promoted to General of Pingbei. On December 8th, Yang Shao was also promoted to General of Chariots and Cavalry, while Yang Fashen was again promoted to General of Valiant Cavalry. On December 11th, Prince Yi of Xiangdong was also promoted to General of Anxi.

In a specific year in the Common Era (specific year not mentioned), on a certain day in the first month of spring, the emperor appointed Zang Dun as the commander of the central army. On a day in the second month, the emperor personally went to the fields to experience farming. On another day in the same month, the Elder Star appeared. On a day in the third month, the emperor issued a decree saying, "Governing the country should prioritize the well-being of the people; kindness and virtue should benefit all things. Orders from above should be as swift as the wind, and the people's response should be as quick as the grass in the wind. My virtue is lacking, but I have been fortunate to live in a time of peace and prosperity, restoring order swiftly, and already thirty years have passed. However, I have not been able to keep the palace gates open at night, the border defenses have not been flawless, border conflicts continue, the country is not yet unified, the people are tired from transporting goods, soldiers are toiling to guard the borders, and the land taxes collected are used to supply the military, yet they remain insufficient. The governance of the country is chaotic; decrees often miss the mark, officials do not speak up frankly, the emperor cannot hear the true voice of the people, local officials are not fulfilling their duties, and local governance is in chaos, causing me to make repeated mistakes, face criticism, and be unable to understand the real situation. Some people play word games and exploit legal loopholes, leading to corruption and lawlessness. Hasn't it been said in books: 'The arm is for the people, the virtuous minister is for the sage'? All of this depends on wise ministers to assist, to make up for my shortcomings. All officials in the court must dare to speak up; any decrees that harm the interests of the people can be raised. Distant governors and officials of the rank of two thousand stones should also report. If the common people have opinions, they should voice their opinions promptly. I will personally review and correct mistakes. Civil and military officials must fulfill their duties and recommend talented individuals, while nobles and ministers should be appointed based on their abilities, discovering and remedying deficiencies in a timely manner, without any concealment."

On a day in April during the summer, the emperor appointed Yuan Faseng as Grand Commandant and concurrently as General-in-Chief of the army. Prior to this, the Right Deputy Minister of Personnel, Jiang Zisi, had submitted detailed memorials several times, outlining the gains and losses of the court. On a day in May, the emperor issued a decree saying, "As the ancients said, when the roof leaks, those below know it. I am not even aware of my own shortcomings. The situation reflected in the memorials of Jiang Zisi and others should be regularly reviewed by the Ministry of Personnel. Any actions that harm the interests of the people must be immediately stopped and promptly reported, without delay." On the same day in the same month, the emperor appointed Yuan Luo as Grand General of the Northern Expedition, concurrently serving as Inspector of Qingzhou and Jizhou. On a day in June, the emperor issued a decree saying, "The rank of the officials in charge of the South Suburban sacrifices, Mingtang, and mausoleum sacrifices is at the same level as the court attendants, which is too low; it should be changed to Cavalier Attendant." On a day in October in winter, the emperor ordered a large-scale northern expedition. On a day in November, the army of the northern expedition returned to the capital. On the same day in the same month, an earthquake occurred in the capital. On a day in December, the Kingdom of Wei requested peace, and the emperor agreed. On the same day in the same month, the emperor appointed Zhang Zuan as Minister of Personnel.

In the third month of a certain year (specific year can be inferred from historical facts), on the day of Xinchou in the first month, the emperor personally went to the South Suburban sacrifices, and then issued a general amnesty. Those who were filial to their parents, loved their siblings, and worked hard in the fields would be promoted one rank. As a result, on that same evening, the Vermilion Bird Gate caught fire, causing a great deal of anxiety.

The next day, on the day of Renshen, there were no clouds in the sky, but grayish-yellow rain fell, which was rather odd weather. Then, the emperor appointed Prince Lun of Shaoling as Inspector of Jiangzhou. A few days later, on the day of Yiyou in the second month, the rare Old Age Star made an appearance. On the day of Dinghai, the emperor personally went to plow the fields, symbolizing diligent governance and care for the people. Then, the emperor made another round of official adjustments, with He Jingrong appointed as General of the Central Authority, Xiao Yuanzao becoming General of the Right Guard and concurrently serving as Left Deputy Director of the Imperial Secretariat, and Xie Ju being promoted to Right Guanglu Daifu. Prince Xu of Luling was also promoted to General of the Central Guard and concurrently Guard General.

On the 5th day of the third month, the Emperor conferred titles of Wuchang Prince and Yiyang Prince upon the two grandsons of Crown Prince Zhaoming. On the 4th day of the fourth month, Prince Yu of Hedong was promoted to the position of Governor of Nanxu Prefecture. On the 7th day of the fifth month, Prince Ji of Wuling resumed his position as the Governor of Yangzhou. In the sixth month, there was frost in the Qushan area of Qingzhou, which was quite abnormal for this time of year.

On the 7th day of the seventh month, envoys from the Wei Kingdom came to pay their respects. Regrettably, on the 9th day of the same month, Prince Jian of Yiyang passed away. This month, Qingzhou experienced snowfall again, which harmed the crops. On the 1st day of the eighth month, the Elder Star appeared, which was indeed quite rare. On the 15th day of the eighth month, the Emperor visited Ayuwang Temple to pray for blessings and granted a general amnesty. In the ninth month, there was a severe famine in Nanyanzhou. However, unexpectedly, Beixuzhou enjoyed a bountiful harvest, with over two thousand hectares of land producing rice and millet. On the 1st day of the intercalary month, Prince Yi of Xiangdong was promoted to General of the West, and Prince Ji of Wuling became General of the West and Governor of Yizhou.

On the 3rd day of the tenth month, there was an earthquake in the capital city, compounding the misfortunes. Throughout the year, there were famines in various parts of the country, making life unbearable for the populace.

In the spring of the xth year, on the 15th day of the first month, the Emperor appointed Prince Daqi of Xuancheng as the Grand General of the Central Army and Governor of Yangzhou, elevating his rank. On the 23rd day of the second month, the Emperor personally went to plow the fields, a ritual referred to as the "Imperial Plowing Ceremony," symbolizing the importance of agriculture. On the 5th day of the third month, envoys from the Kingdom of Henan presented various special tributes. A few days later, on the 21st day of the third month, envoys from the Kingdom of Rui Rui also came to present tributes. On the 10th day of the fifth month, envoys from the Wei Kingdom came to establish diplomatic relations with our country, signifying it as a diplomatic visit.

In the autumn of the seventh month of the Jiwei year, the emperor appointed Prince Yueyang, Cha, as the governor of Dongyang Prefecture, who previously served as the governor of Nanlangye County and Pengcheng County. On the day of Guihai in July, there was great news! The emperor announced a general amnesty for the whole country because Li Yin donated the true relics of Buddha Sakyamuni. Everyone celebrated together! On the day of Jiachen in August, the emperor issued another edict, stating that twelve states including Nanyanzhou, Beixuzhou, Xixuzhou, Dongxuzhou, Qingzhou, Jizhou, Nanshizhou, Beishizhou, Wuzhou, Renzhou, Tongzhou, and Suizhou, which suffered from famine previously and owed a lot of taxes, were exempted from three tax payments this year to give the people some relief.

In winter, on the day of Dinghai in December, the deputy instructor of the Imperial College, Huang Kan, submitted his fifty-volume work "The Meaning and Commentary of the Book of Rites." This is a great academic achievement!

On the second day of the first month of the year 505 AD, the emperor appointed Prince Luxian as the General of the Cavalry and also appointed him as the Supervisor of the Left. At the same time, Xiao Yuanzao was appointed as the General of the Central Guard and also as the Supervisor of the Left. He Jingrong continued to serve as the General of the Center and the Intendant of Danyang, and was promoted to the position of Prefect. Zhang Zuan became the Supervisor of the Palace Writers, and Liu Ru was appointed as the Minister of Personnel.

On the fourth day of the first month, the Deputy Chief of the Imperial Censorate, He Chen, reported that from now on, when going to the southern and northern suburbs for sacrifices or farming in the fields, the emperor was to ride in a carriage instead of a cart. A plain carriage should be used for sacrifices, and a regular carriage for farming. The Grand Preceptor was to accompany the emperor on all occasions, without the Grand General and the Master of Ceremonies. The emperor ordered the Secretariat to discuss and consider the proposal. Later, the emperor renamed the plain carriage as the Datong carriage, and for ancestral sacrifices, a jade carriage was used. On the eighth day of the first month, the emperor personally went to the southern suburbs for sacrifices and decreed that those who were filial to their parents, worked hard in the fields, and were regarded as "virtuous individuals" in their communities would receive a promotion in rank, and their deeds would be recorded and reported to the court regularly.

On the sixth day of the third month, the emperor decreed: "I have trouble hearing, and I can't see clearly either. I may make mistakes in many matters, leading to policy errors. Any policies that harm the common people must be reported immediately and shouldn't be hidden or misrepresented. If the people are unhappy because officials neglect their duties, those responsible will be held accountable. From now on, this regulation must be forever followed."

On the second day of the seventh month, Prince Xiu of Luling was appointed as the Inspector of Jingzhou; Prince Yi of Xiangdong was appointed as the Army Protector General and also served as the Right General of An. On the second day of the eighth month, the Kingdom of Funan sent envoys with rhinoceroses and other exotic treasures. On the seventh day of the ninth month, Dao Gai was appointed as the Minister of Personnel. On the twenty-second day of the eleventh month, envoys from Northern Wei came to pay respects. On the twenty-sixth day of the twelfth month, Xie Ju was appointed as the Supervisor of the Palace Library; the newly appointed Prefect of the Palace Secretariat, Prince Xiaofan of Poyang, was appointed as the Chief Commandant.

In the first month of the sixth year of the Common Era, Gengxu day was the first day, and the emperor ordered the pardon of criminals from the provinces of Sizhou, Yuzhou, Xuzhou, and Yanzhou. On the day of Jihai in the second month, the emperor personally plowed the fields and made offerings to the Land God. On the day of Bingwu, the Jiangzhou Inspector, Prince Lun of Shaoling, was appointed as the General Who Pacifies the West and the Inspector of Yingshou, while the Cloud Banner General, Prince Huan of Yuzhang, was appointed as the Inspector of Jiangzhou. Qin County offered a white deer.

On the Guiwei day in April, the emperor proclaimed, "Establishing a dynasty, inheriting the foundation of our ancestors, maintaining an immortal reputation, with generations of people passing on, the proper etiquette between rulers and subjects must be upheld, and the responsibility of filial piety to ancestors must endure. It has been a long time since then; the old tombs are all overgrown with weeds. Thinking of ancient times fills my heart with sadness. The tombs of the Jin Dynasty, Song Dynasty, and Qi Dynasty, those responsible for guarding them must do so diligently, not allowing the common people to destroy them at will. If the military forces are lacking, they must be adequately reinforced. Those that were previously unguarded must also be assigned guards." On the Wuyin day in May, the former Governor of Qingzhou and Jizhou, Yuan Luo, was appointed as the Right Guanglu Daifu. On the Jimao day, the Prince of Henan sent envoys to present horses and various offerings. On the Dingwei day in June, Pingyang County presented a white deer. On the Dinghai day in July, envoys from the Wei Kingdom came to pay their respects. On the Wuwu day in August, the emperor issued a decree pardoning all criminals nationwide. On the Xinwei day, the emperor proclaimed, "Governing the country requires laws and regulations, and it is essential to consult with court officials. Therefore, positions like Shangshu Ling, Shangshu Pushe, Shangshu Zuoyou Cheng, and Shangshu Lang have been established. Every morning, we must discuss national affairs together, and then report to me. Recently, it has not been like this; whenever doubts arise, they wait for me to decide. As the ancients wisely noted, I am not a sage like Yao or Shun; how can I make decisions based on casual words? Therefore, a wise monarch like Emperor Yao consulted the Four Mountains, and a wise monarch like Emperor Shun relied on many wise men. My virtue is limited; how can I make decisions on my own? From now on, if any doubts arise among the Shangshu officials, they must first discuss matters together in the court and then report to me, no longer like before. Regarding important matters like military secrets, they must be thoroughly discussed in advance and must still be handled according to existing rules and regulations." The Panpan Kingdom sent envoys to offer various gifts.

In September, Anzhou was renamed Dingyuan County, which was then placed under the jurisdiction of the Northern Xuzhou Governor's Office. The Prefect of Shiping, Cui Shuo, presented a Jiahe grain with twelve ears. On the day of Wuxu, Tejin, Left Guanglu Daifu, and Sikong Yuan Ang died. On Xinchou day in November, the emperor ordered the pardon of criminals in the capital. On Renzi day in December, the Governor of Jiangzhou, Prince Yu Zhang Huan, died. He appointed Prince Yi of Xiangdong as the General Who Guards the South and the Governor of Jiangzhou. A new Guizhou was established in Shian County, Xiangzhou, under the jurisdiction of the Xiangzhou Governor's Office; twenty-four counties, including Nanguilin, were abolished and all transferred to Guizhou.

On the first day of the first month of the seventh year, which was Xinsi day, the emperor personally went to the southern outskirts to offer sacrifices, and then granted amnesty to the whole country. Those who were displaced and lost their homes could return to their fields and houses, and were exempt from taxes for five years. On Xinchou day, the emperor again personally went to the Mingtang to offer sacrifices.

In the early days of the second month, specifically on Yisi day, the emperor appointed Wang Liang Mitai of Dangchang as the General Who Pacifies the West while also serving as the Governors of Hezhou and Liangzhou, retaining his title as Dangchang Wang. On Xinhai day, the emperor personally went to the fields to try his hand at farming. On Yimao day, an earthquake occurred in the capital. On Dingsi day, the emperor appointed Prince Fanyang of Poyang as the General Who Guards the North, concurrently serving as the Governor of Yongzhou. On Yihai day in March, an envoy from Dangchang Wang presented horses and various items. Goguryeo, Baekje, and Huaguo also sent envoys to present various items.

On Wushen day in April, envoys from the Wei Kingdom came to pay a visit. On Guisi day in May, the emperor appointed Prince Huili of Nankang as the Commander-in-Chief. On Wuyin day in September, envoys from Rui Rui Kingdom presented various items. On Bingwu day in October, the emperor appointed Liu Ru as the Minister of Personnel. On Bingzi day in November, the emperor ordered the end of taxing women who were conscripted for labor.

On the day of Ding Chou, the emperor issued a decree, saying: "The common people are too content, while the country suffers. Excessive favor has resulted in rampant corruption and theft. I understand this is a problem. If we do not grant amnesty, it is not what a benevolent ruler would do. All overdue taxes and debts, from now until the morning of the ninth day of the eleventh month of the seventh year, regardless of the amount, must be reported to the Ministry of Revenue. Those who have not paid will be granted amnesty." The emperor also issued a decree, saying: "Applying the principles of Heaven to allocate land benefits is the teaching of the sages. All abandoned fields and confiscated houses, except those cultivated by the government, will be distributed to the poor, allowing them to receive land based on their capabilities. Recently, it has come to light that wealthy families have been occupying public lands in large numbers, renting them out at exorbitant prices and exploiting the poor, seriously undermining the country's governance. From now on, public lands shall not be leased to the wealthy; those already leased will not be penalized. Wealthy families that assist the poor in farming and working together are exempt from this restriction." On the day of Ji Chou, the emperor appointed the Grand Minister of Splendid Happiness, Zang Dun, as the commander-in-chief.

On the Renyin day in December, the emperor issued a decree saying: "The ancients said that when something is lost from its rightful place, it is like throwing it into a ditch, which doesn't quite capture it. I've been feeling troubled and anxious for quite a while. Every time I put down my chopsticks at mealtime, I can't sleep when I go to bed. I sit alone, consumed by worry, sighing. This isn't just for one person, but for all the people! Many governors lack virtue, local officials are fierce like tigers, arrogant like they’ve got wings. Yang Fu is worried and angry, Jia Yi is sad and tearful. Regarding the various harsh taxes and levies on the people, some are for the kitchen, some for the stables and warehouses, some for the envoys, some for entertaining guests, all without spending their own money, all squeezed from the common people. Many soldiers have been dispatched under the pretense of preventing, but there are still many robbers, demanding supplies, extorting money. Bandits are running rampant, preying on one another; the common people are struggling, and even wealthy families are going broke. The roots of this resentment are many, not just one thing. Despite repeated prohibitions, it hasn't stopped. Local officials need to really listen to the people's concerns and report back regularly. Public and private post stations, garrisons, smelting factories, even monks and nuns, should only be monitored according to the rules within their own territories; it's even forbidden to gather firewood or grass, leaving the common people with nowhere to turn. From now on, anyone who sets up checkpoints outside their jurisdiction, those who do will face military law. Regarding the land reclaimed by the government, private garrisons are not allowed, competing with the government for personal gain. As for the common people gathering firewood and grass for cooking, that’s strictly off-limits. And as for fishing, there should be no questions asked. Failure to comply will result in the death penalty." The Wei kingdom sent envoys to pay their respects. On the day of Bingchen, the Shilin Hall was established on the west side of the palace to gather scholars. In that year, Li Ben, a local from Jiaozhou, attacked Governor Xiao Zi, who bribed him to go back to Yuezhou.

In the eighth year of the Emperor's reign, in the first month, a commoner from Ancheng County, Liu Jinggong, got involved in some dubious activities and actually rebelled! The Governor of Ancheng County, Xiao Shuo, was so frightened that he fled, and Liu Jinggong directly occupied Ancheng County, then attacked Luling and captured Yuzhang. His motley crew quickly swelled to tens of thousands, and they were about to march towards Xingan and Chaisang.

On the day of Wuxu in the second month, the Governor of Jiangzhou, also known as Prince Yi of Xiangdong, sent his subordinate, the Middle Army Officer Zi Ying, to suppress Liu Jinggong. By the day of Wuchen in the third month, they finally secured a decisive victory, captured Liu Jinggong, and escorted him to the capital, where he was executed by beheading in Jiankang City. In the same month, the government erected commemorative steles in Xinchai and Gaotang in Jiangzhou to commemorate the quelling of the rebellion and reclaimed some wasteland. Then, the court dispatched the Governors of Yuezhou, Chen, Luozhou, Ning Ju, Anzhou, Li Zhi, and Aizhou, Ruan Han, to jointly march against Li Ben, who had caused trouble in Jiaozhou.

In the ninth year of the Emperor's reign, in the spring, there was a leap month, and on the day of Bingshen in the leap month, there was an earthquake, and many unusual phenomena emerged. In the second month of Jiaxu, the court mandated that for every thirty households in Jiangzhou, one household must send a member as a servant to Sizhou. In the third month, the court appointed Xie Ju, the Prince's Attendant, as the Minister of the Imperial Secretariat. By the fourth month, the King of Linyi defeated Dezhou, then attacked Li Ben, but Li Ben's subordinate, Fan Xiu, defeated the King of Linyi, who retreated in disgrace. In the eleventh month of winter, on the day of Xinchou, the General of Anxi and Governor of Yizhou, Prince Ji of Wuling, was promoted to General of the Western Campaign and was also appointed as the Three Excellencies. On the day of Renxu in the twelfth month, the General of the Army, Zang Dun, passed away; the court appointed Prince Yu of Hedong, the General of Light Chariots, to succeed him as the General of the Army.

It is said that in the spring of the tenth year, Li Ben, this young man, rebelled in Jiaozhi, declaring himself king and arranging a number of official titles. In the first few days of March, the emperor led his troops to Lanling to pay homage at the Jianning Mausoleum, and then went to repair the mausoleum, keeping busy for several days. On the thirteenth of March, the emperor issued a decree saying: "I have been away from my hometown for more than fifty years. I have constantly missed it and thought about it daily. Now the world is peaceful, the borders are stable, there are fewer lawsuits, and national affairs are easier. I finally have the opportunity to come back to worship the ancestral tomb. I am filled with mixed emotions! The villagers, young and old, have all come to welcome me. Their excited appearance is like seeing my father when coming home. I must reward and honor them properly! So, promote them to higher official ranks and reward them with gifts. The counties along my route will be exempt from taxes this year; those who have been punished for official duties will also be exempt from taxes for two years; the court, including the military, will be rewarded with money and grain, each with different amounts." Then, he also wrote a poem "Returning to the Old Village." On the fifteenth of March, the emperor ordered that the officials diligently working at the mausoleum be promoted by one level and rewarded with gifts. On the eighteenth of March, Prince Linchuan was promoted and became the General of An Dong. On the twentieth of March, the emperor went to Beigu Tower in Jingkou City and changed the name of the tower to "Beigu." On the twenty-first of March, the emperor hosted a banquet at Hui Bin Pavilion to entertain the elders from his hometown and the thousands of people who welcomed him along the way, each receiving two thousand coins. On the second of April, the emperor returned to the palace from Lanling. He also ordered relief for the widowed elderly and those in extreme poverty, each with different amounts. On the sixth of May, He Jingrong, the Minister of Personnel, was dismissed.

On the first day of September, the emperor issued another imperial edict, saying: "This year, there has been abundant rainfall and good harvests; it is estimated that a lot of grain can be harvested, and the people can also enjoy good lives. Therefore, all those who have committed crimes in the world, regardless of the size of the offense, regardless of whether they have been discovered or caught, are hereby pardoned! Those who have encroached upon, wasted, or damaged public assets, regardless of the amount, are also forgiven! Those who owe taxes due to neglecting their fields, water shortages, or other reasons, as well as those whose land is not registered, are exempt from taxes. Those in Taizhou who owe taxes are also pardoned. Those who fled due to hunger are permitted to return home to farm, and their taxes are exempted for five years." In December, there was a heavy snowfall, with snow on the ground reaching three feet deep.

On the day of Gengchen in March of the first year of Zhenghe (1110 AD), Emperor Huizong issued a decree, saying: "In the past, wise emperors were able to reside peacefully in the palace and quietly handle state affairs because the blessings had not yet fully faded. However, since the decline of the great Dao, the world has fallen into decline, and conflicts have intensified, with the prevalence of hypocrisy. Since ascending the throne nearly fifty years ago, I have often gone without sleep at night to handle state affairs; even when the sun has set during the day, I have not had time to eat. Even during breaks from court, I only have simple meals and do not indulge in food and drink. I do not place value on the glory of emperors or the prosperity of the nation, but only hope for the people to live in peace and stability, and lead fulfilling lives. Although I always think carefully and act cautiously, there are still many aspects that I have not fully considered."

"Any institutions, officials established in various regions, the administration of local garrisons, post stations, smelting plants, markets, ferry crossings, tax collection, fields, as well as new and old officials, patrolling troops, and any other places that inconvenience the people, officials of each state and county must report them promptly. I will handle them one by one according to your suggestions to alleviate the burden on the people." In April of the same year, Northern Wei sent envoys to pay tribute. On the day of Jiwu in October of the same year, the emperor issued another edict stating, "Since the time of Yao and Shun, there has been a system of redemption for sins, which has been passed down, allowing prisoners to redeem their sins with money. However, officials have abused this system for their own gain, so I had previously ordered its prohibition. However, human emotions are unpredictable, like floodwaters that are hard to contain. This not only contradicts the sages' teachings but also undermines the moral education of the people. The Book of History says, 'Rather than wrongly kill the innocent, it is better to forgive the criminals.' Therefore, I have decided to re-allow prisoners to redeem themselves with money." In the first month of the first year of Zhongdatong, on the day of Dingwei, the stone qilin in the Jianling tunnel of Qu'a County stirred, and two large snakes were seen fighting in the tunnel; one of them was injured and fled. On the day of Guichou, the Governor of Jiaozhi, Yang Ripiao, pacified the city of Jiating in Jiaozhi, and Li Ben fled into the Qulaodong, finally calming the situation in Jiaozhi. On the day of Yisi in the third month, the court ordered a general amnesty! Those who have committed crimes such as robbery, theft, hoarding of official goods, embezzlement of military provisions, etc., before the first month of the eleventh year of Zhongdatong, are all pardoned! Those who committed crimes after the eleventh year of Zhongdatong will also have their punishments reduced. Those who have fled and been displaced due to crimes, or have left their homes due to famine, can return home to start a new life, exempt from taxes and labor service for five years. Those who have been arrested and detained will also be sent back to their hometowns, and if their original properties are still intact, they will be returned to them. On the day of Gengxu, the emperor presided over a large-scale Buddhist ritual at the Tongtai Temple, stayed at the temple for several days, and also delivered teachings on the 'Golden Words of the Three Wisdom Sutra.'"

On the 4th day of the 4th month, the preaching continued at Tongtai Temple, where a grand ceremony was held. After the amnesty was declared, the court changed the era name. Those who are filial to their parents, work diligently in farming, and honor their fathers will be granted titles by the court, and officials in the palace will also receive corresponding rewards. However, that night, Tongtai Temple tragically caught fire. On the 6th day of the 6th month, a loud noise erupted in the sky, resembling a violent storm. On the 7th day of the 7th month, the court appointed Prince Wuchang, Chiyuan, as the governor of Dongyangzhou. On Jiazi day, the emperor issued a decree stating, "Even animals know their mothers, but not their fathers. Those unfilial children are worse than animals, not even recognizing their parents. They often violate the laws, even harming the elderly. This is truly disheartening! From now on, if someone commits a crime, their parents and grandparents will not be implicated; only those who commit truly egregious crimes will be excluded from the pardon." On the day of Bingyin, the emperor issued another decree saying, "In the court, there were four officials in the morning, but only three by evening. Everyone was happy, thinking they had not suffered any loss in reputation, but in reality, their emotions swayed political affairs. Recently, it has come to light that various regions are using Jiumo coins, and when the number of Mo decreases, the prices of goods increase, and when the number of Mo is sufficient, the prices of goods decrease. This isn't just about the value of the goods themselves; it's about a shift in people's attitudes. This phenomenon is especially severe in remote areas. Does this imply that national laws are not consistent, and even the customs of every household are different? This will only disrupt the court's order and offer no benefit to the people! From now on, only the full amount of Jiumo coins will be allowed to be used. The order will be in effect for 100 days; if anyone violates it, men will be conscripted into the army, and women will be assigned labor duties, both for a duration of three years."

On the 8th day of the eighth month in the year of Dingchou, the Governor of Dongyangzhou, Prince Wuchang Chiyan, passed away. The court appointed General of Andong, Governor of Nanxuzhou, Prince Linyi Zhengyi to take over his position as the Governor of Dongyangzhou; Prince Shao Ling of Danyang was appointed as General Zhendong and Governor of Nanxuzhou. On the Jiawu day, envoys from the Kepan Tuo country came to pay tribute. On the day of Guixu in October, Prince Liu Zhe of Ruyin passed away. On the day of Yihai, the court appointed the former Governor of Dongyangzhou, Prince Yueyang, to serve as the Governor of Yongzhou.

In the first month of the year 548 AD, Prince Xiaoxu of Luling passed away. He held high office as the Grand General of Cavalry, Supervisor of the Palace, and Governor of Jingzhou! Then Prince Xiaoyi of Xiangdong was appointed as General Zhenxi and Governor of Jingzhou. A few days later, the emperor visited the southern suburbs to worship the heavens and issued an imperial decree, stating that the heavens had blessed him for his effective governance, so he wanted to grant a general amnesty throughout the country! The poor were exempt from taxes this year, and those who were imprisoned for their mistakes were also released. Fugitives who surrendered within a hundred days would not be held accountable for their previous crimes; those who were living in exile could return home, with tax exemption for five years; dutiful children and hardworking farmers could be promoted; those who worked diligently in government departments could receive an additional two years' salary. In short, the emperor aimed to attract talented individuals and encourage everyone to contribute to the country. A few days later, the emperor went to the Mingtang again to offer sacrifices.

In early February, a strange celestial phenomenon of a white rainbow arching across the sun appeared in the sky. Afterwards, Hou Jing, the Minister of Works for the Wei Kingdom, surrendered along with thirteen provinces. The Emperor immediately appointed him as Grand General, named him King of Henan, and granted him considerable power, akin to that of Deng Yu from the Han Dynasty. Shortly after, the Emperor personally visited the fields to experience the people's hardships. In March, the Emperor attended a large Buddhist event at Tongtai Temple and donated a substantial amount of money, and the ministers followed suit by contributing millions. Some officials were dispatched to manage affairs in Beiyu Province. In April, the Emperor returned to the palace, issued a general amnesty and changed the era name, and those who were filial to their parents and worked diligently in the fields could be promoted posthumously if their fathers passed away. Court officials were also rewarded. In May, the Emperor hosted a banquet for the ministers at Deyang Hall, featuring musical performances.

In June, Xiao Fan, the Prince of Poyang who was previously the governor of Yongzhou, was appointed as the General of the Northern Expedition, in charge of military operations in the northern region of Han. In July, Yang Yaren captured Xuanhu City. The Emperor issued a decree stating that Yu Province had long been divided into two parts, and now Runan and Yingchuan have been recovered, so Xuanhu was established as part of Yu Province, Shou Chun was established as Southern Yu Province, Hefei was renamed Hezhou, Beiguangling was renamed Huaizhou, Xiangcheng was renamed Yinzhou, and Hezhou was renamed Southern Hezhou. In August, the imperial army launched a northern expedition, and Xiao Yuanming was appointed as the Grand Commander. The Emperor issued another decree stating that Runan had just been recovered, Mount Song and Yingchuan had also been stabilized, and the past offenses of the surrendered people would not be pursued, and retaliation was prohibited. If anyone violated this, they would be severely punished. Hou Jing was appointed as the Palace Minister. In September, the Emperor visited the royal gardens and specifically inspected them. In November, the Wei Kingdom dispatched Murong Shaozong to lead an attack on Hanshan. Consequently, Xiao Yuanming faced defeat, and many areas fell into the hands of the Wei Kingdom. Murong Shaozong also besieged Tongzhou. In December, the Emperor dispatched envoys to the Wei Kingdom. Xiao Fan, the Prince of Poyang, was appointed as the General Who Pacifies the North and the governor of Southern Yu Province.

In January of the year 550 AD, the Emperor ordered current officials to recommend talents. A few days later, the Wei army captured Guoyang. Then, Xie Ju was appointed as the Chancellor of the Ministry of Writing, and Wang Ke succeeded him as the Supervisor of the Masters of Writing. Later, the governors of Yu Province, Yang Yaren, and Yinzhou, Yang Sida, deserted their cities and fled, allowing the Wei army to seize control of these two cities. Following this, Hou Jing was appointed Governor of Southern Yu Province, and Prince Fan of Poyang was transferred to the position of governor of Hezhou.

In March, King Gao Yan of Goryeo died, and his son inherited his title and official position. On the same day, Prince Lun of Shaoling was appointed as the Inspector of Xiangzhou, and Xiao Yuanzao was appointed as the Inspector of Nanxuzhou. That day, Qu Laodong executed Li Ben and sent his head to the capital. In April, the emperor ordered the recommendation of honest and capable officials who can govern the people well from all over the country, and they were to be sent to the capital in a grand manner. In May, Prince Lun of Shaoling was appointed as the General of Pacification, and Zhang Zuan was appointed as the General of the Army. The court also granted amnesty to the regions of Jiaozhou, Aizhou, and Dezhou. This month, the emperor issued a decree saying, "The rise and fall of a country depends on talents; I especially need talented individuals to assist me. My ability to govern the country is insufficient, and there are many areas where I have not done well. I feel isolated and vulnerable, as if standing on the edge of a deep ravine. I hope that all officials in the court can assist me to the best of their ability and feel free to provide any suggestions. Officials from all regions should actively seek out talented individuals, regardless of their background; as long as they are talented, they should be promptly recommended to the court." This month, there were also two appearances of the full moon. In August, Zhu Yi was appointed as the General of the Central Army. Not long after, Hou Jing rebelled and led his troops to attack the garrisons at Matou, Muzha, and Jingshan. The court immediately appointed Prince Lun of Shaoling as the commander, leading the army to suppress Hou Jing while also granting amnesty to Nanyuzhou. In September, Yuan Luo was promoted to the General of the Right. In October, Hou Jing attacked Qiaozhou, capturing the governor Xiao Tai. Then, Hou Jing attacked Liyang, and the governor Zhuang Tie surrendered. In order to counter Hou Jing, Prince Zhengde of Linhe was appointed as the General of Pacifying the North, responsible for defending the capital, stationed in Danyang County. Hou Jing crossed the Yangtze River, and his army quickly reached Jiankang (modern-day Nanjing). Consequently, Prince Zhengde of Linhe ultimately surrendered to Hou Jing!

In November, Hou Jing captured the Eastern Palace City, killing South Pu Duke Xiao Tui and Central Army General Yang Tun. Prince Shaoling Lun led Xiao Nongzhang, Zhao Bocao, and others to come to the rescue and camped at Aijing Temple on Zhongshan. Later, Prince Shaoling Lun arrived at Lake Head with his troops to battle Hou Jing, but suffered a defeat. King Fanyang also dispatched troops to aid, setting up camp at Zhanggongzhou. In December, a strange phenomenon occurred in the sky; the northwest sky split open, emitting a fiery light. Minister Xie Ju passed away. Liu Zhongli, Wei Can, Li Qianshi, Yang Yaren, and others led troops to the rescue, nominating Liu Zhongli as the Grand General.

On the first day of March in a certain year, which was the day of Ding Si, Liu Zhongli occupied the south bank with his army. That day, the enemy crossed the Qingtang River and launched a surprise attack on Wei Can's camp, resulting in Wei Can's death. Three days later, on Geng Shen day, Prince Shaoling Lun and Eastern Yangzhou Governor Lin Chenggong arrived at the south bank with their troops. A few days later, on Yi Chou day, Zhu Yi, the Commander of the Middle Army, died. On Bing Yin day, the court appointed Fu Qi, the Minister of Agriculture, to succeed Zhu Yi as the Commander of the Middle Army. On Wu Chen day, Governor of Gaozhou Li Qianshi and Taishou of Tianmen Fan Wenjiao fought on the east side of Qingxi but were defeated, leading to Fan Wenjiao's death. On Ren Wu day, a strange celestial phenomenon appeared in the sky, resembling Mars guarding the heart. On Yi You day, Venus was sighted during the day.

On the 27th day of the second month, Prince Nan Kang Hui Lihe, the Governor of South Yan Province, led the former Governors of Qingzhou and Jizhou, Marquis Xiao Tui of Xiangtan, along with the army from Jiangzhou, to station at Lanting Garden. On the 2nd day of the 7th month, General Anbei, Prince Fan of Poyang, the Governor of Hezhou, was appointed as the Supervisor of the Palace Secretariat. On the 5th day of the third month, the former Governor of Sizhou, Yang Yaren, and his troops attacked the north side of the Eastern Palace and suffered a major defeat. On the 6th day of the same month, the Crown Prince's consort Wang passed away. On the 9th day of the same month, the enemy invaded the imperial palace and looted it. On the 10th day, the enemy forged an imperial edict and dispatched Duke Da Kuan of Shicheng to recall the reinforcements. On the 11th day, Hou Jing appointed himself as the Commander-in-Chief of all military operations, Grand Prime Minister, and Recorder of the Imperial Secretariat. On the 12th day, the reinforcements scattered. On the 13th day, a strange omen appeared with Mars guarding the heart. On the 15th day, the newly appointed General of the Central Army, Fu Qi, also passed away.

On the 28th day of the fourth month, an earthquake occurred in the capital. On the 29th day, another earthquake happened. On the 30th day, Emperor Gaozu fell ill out of worry over his unsuccessful pleas for reinforcements. During this month, the Governors of Qingzhou, Jizhou, and North Qingzhou: Ming Shaoxia, Zhan Haizhen, and Wang Fengbo, surrendered their provinces to the Wei Kingdom. On the 2nd day of the fifth month, Emperor Gaozu passed away at the age of 86 in the Jingju Palace. On the 8th day, his coffin was moved to the front hall of Taiji. In the 11th month, he was posthumously honored as Emperor Wu and given the temple name Gaozu. On the 4th day of the 12th month, he was laid to rest at Xiuling.

Gaozu was filial and sensible from a young age. When he was six years old, the Empress Dowager passed away. He did not eat or drink for three days, crying so sorrowfully that even adults were moved by him. Later, when Emperor Wen passed away, Gaozu was serving as an advisor to the Prince of Qi, King Sui, in Jingzhou. Upon hearing the news, he immediately submitted his resignation and rushed back to the capital day and night, facing hardships without a moment's rest. Gaozu was originally very strong, but upon returning to the capital, he had become so emaciated that even acquaintances struggled to recognize him. He paid his respects at the Empress Dowager's memorial, overcome with grief to the point of fainting several times, each time he cried so hard that he vomited blood. During the mourning period, he subsisted on barley instead of rice, consuming only two bowls a day. When he went to sweep the tomb, tears flowed down his face, and even the pine trees and grass appeared to change color from his tears.

After becoming emperor, he built the Dai'ai Jing Temple on Zhongshan, the Zhidu Temple by the Qingxi River, and the Hall of Ultimate Respect in the palace. He also built seven temples, visited them every month to make offerings and served vegetarian meals. Every time he made sacrifices, he wept inconsolably, deeply moving his attendants. He was not only filial but also intelligent and hands-on in all matters. He was diligent and studious from a young age, profoundly knowledgeable about Confucian and Taoist classics. Despite being busy with state affairs every day, he was committed to reading, often staying up late to study. He wrote over two hundred texts, including "The Meaning of Filial Piety in the Edicts," "Zhouyi Commentary," "Annotations on the Sixty-Four Hexagrams," the Two "Appended Judgments," "The Great Treatise," "Answers to Questions on the Odes of Mao," "Answers to Questions on the Spring and Autumn Annals," "The Great Meaning of the Book of Documents," "Commentary on the Doctrine of the Mean," "The Correct Words of Confucius," and "Commentary on the Laozi." He rectified the errors of earlier Confucian scholars and clarified the thoughts of ancient sages. Nobles and ministers submitted their inquiries to him, and he answered them all. He reformed the national academy, increased the number of students, set up five libraries, and appointed scholars of the Five Classics. In the early years of Tianjian, He Tongzhi, He Mang, Yan Zhizhi, and others wrote the "Five Rites of Good and Bad, Military and Civil Affairs," totaling more than a thousand volumes, which the emperor personally reviewed and addressed their questions.

Therefore, the court was very respectful and cautious, and everyone understood etiquette. During the Datong era, he established the Shilin Pavilion in Taixi, where military leader Zhu Yi, Minister of Works He Chen, and scholar Kong Zimei took turns lecturing. The Crown Prince and Prince Xuan of Xuan were also teaching at the Donggong Xuan You Hall and the Yangzhou government office, drawing people from across the country to the capital to study. The capital was brimming with talent. He was also a devout Buddhist, well-versed in Buddhist scriptures and authored interpretations of the Nirvana Sutra, the Great Sutra, the Pure Name Sutra, the Three Wisdom Sutra, and other scriptures, totaling several hundred volumes. In his spare time, he lectured at the Chongyun Hall and the Tongtai Temple, drawing audiences that included eminent monks and people from all walks of life, often totaling tens of thousands. He also compiled a General History, writing the preface himself, which totaled six hundred volumes. He was intelligent and a prolific writer, composing over a thousand poems; his works were elegant and surpassed those of both past and present. From his youth working in the fields to ascending to the throne, he produced a variety of works amounting to one hundred and twenty volumes. He mastered the Six Arts, excelled in chess, and was skilled in astronomy, calendrical science, divination, and prophecy. He also authored the Golden Strategy, consisting of thirty volumes. His calligraphy, equestrian skills, archery, and horsemanship were exceptional.

He is diligent in political affairs and never slackens. Every winter, even late at night, he would light a lamp to review memorials, often causing his hands to crack from holding the pen for too long. He took a strong stance against corrupt officials, was attuned to the suffering of the people, and often shed tears because of their hardships. He eats only one meal a day, consisting of simple bean soup and coarse grains. Even when busy with political affairs, he would take time to rinse his mouth and rest. He wears rough clothing and lives in a cotton tent, wearing the same hat for three years and using a quilt for two years. He is extremely frugal in all aspects. After the age of fifty, he stopped having intimate relations. In the harem, only the six concubines below the Noble Consort wear clothes with three stripes; others do not wear trailing garments and do not don luxurious attire. He does not drink alcohol, listen to music, and rarely entertains, only participating in sacrificial ceremonies, banquets, and Buddhist activities. He conducts himself with dignity; even in private chambers, he sits straight and neat, never slouching. Even in the hot summer, he does not expose his chest. He behaves dignified, does not meet with others casually, and treats palace guards and servants like honored guests. Throughout history, emperors like him—respectful, frugal, virtuous, and talented—are truly rare. Historical records state that towards the end of the Qi State, the ruler was incompetent and cruel, abandoned by the heavens, which angered the spirits, leading the people to turn against him. Gaozu, brave and wise, rose up in Fancheng and Dengcheng, established political power under the banner, swiftly quelling the rebellion as if extinguishing a fire. He led a strong army like a rhinoceros, deploying swift formations like dragons and leopards, with the army's momentum as fierce as a storm, quickly quelling the rebellion and eliminating the brutal and vicious enemies. All the nations rejoiced under his rule, and even the heavens recalibrated fortunes, altering the signs of auspiciousness.

Therefore, he used a calendar system with the phoenix pattern, mastered the dragon motif texts, opened the four doors, opened up opportunities for talented individuals, restored order to ten forms of chaos, and introduced upright and loyal talents. He established literature, built suburban temples for worship, regulated the five rites, established the six laws, and exemplified the four virtues to their fullest. Everything was in perfect order, and the governance of the country was exemplary, with significant achievements and peace achieved both near and far. Moreover, auspicious signs appeared, with good omens every year. The taxed regions and those where cultural education flourished extended thousands of miles to the south and over five thousand miles to the west. Precious treasures and countless people and tribes from across the land enriched the royal court and submitted to the court. In the span of thirty to forty years, the country experienced significant prosperity, and there had not been such a prosperous era since the Wei and Jin dynasties.

However, in his later years, he entrusted political affairs to unscrupulous individuals. Individuals like Zhu Yi exploited their power, formed cliques, used bribery to handle political matters, wore luxurious clothes, rode in luxurious carriages, and wielded power, resulting in chaos in the court and disorder in rewards and punishments. This situation exemplifies the saying "when villains rise to power." Jia Yi once said, "It is truly heartbreaking." Consequently, the powerful Jie tribe bandits seized the opportunity, launched surprise attacks, swooped down on Wangwu Mountain like hungry eagles, tarnished the royal dignity as if it were a broken promise, and the people suffered immensely as the palaces crumbled to ashes. Alas! The ways of fate are indeed harsh! While this may be the course of history, it is also a consequence of human actions!