Yuan Wang Daodu of Hengyang was the brother of Emperor Taizu and studied under Lei Cizong alongside Taizu. Emperor Xuan asked Lei Cizong about the brothers' progress in their studies, to which Lei Cizong replied: "His older brother is outgoing and cheerful, while his younger brother is introverted and deep; both are talented individuals!" The two brothers later followed Emperor Xuan to battle, with Daodu becoming the Prefect of An Ding, and he passed away during the Song Dynasty period. In the second year of Jianyuan, the court posthumously conferred honors upon him. Since he had no sons, Taizu granted his eleventh son, Jun, the title of Hengyang Yuanwang.
Jun, styled Xuanli, was appointed Inspector of Jiangzhou in the fourth year of Yongming and was also appointed as a Cavalier Attendant. After his mother, Lady Qu, passed away, he diligently fulfilled the mourning rites. In the sixth year of Yongming, he was promoted to General of Pacification; in the eighth year, he was further promoted to General of Swift Cavalry, while still serving as a Cavalier Attendant. He later transferred to the position of General of the Left Guard. Jun was talented and earned the admiration of Emperor Shizu, receiving treatment second only to Wang Qiang of Poyang. In the tenth year of Yongming, he was appointed Minister of the Central Secretariat, overseeing military affairs at Shitou Shu. He was later appointed as Cavalier Attendant and Chief of the Imperial Secretariat, while retaining the position of General of Swift Cavalry, but he did not assume the new position. In the first year of Longchang, he was further appointed as Palace Attendant and received additional support. After the reign of Emperor Hailing, he was promoted to General of Army Pacification, while retaining the position of Palace Attendant. Tragically, he died at the young age of twenty-two.
After Emperor Ming ascended the throne, Prince Min of Yongyang succeeded his title as Hengyang Yuanwang.
Zimin, styled Yunyu, was the twentieth son of Emperor Shizu. In the seventh year of Yongming, he was titled as Prince of Yian, later changed to Prince of Yongyang, and was executed in the first year of Yongtai, at just fourteen years old. Subsequently, Zitan, the third son of Prince Yezhao of Wuling, was designated as the heir to the title of Hengyang Yuanwang.
Shi Anzhen Wang Daosheng, also known as Xiaobo, was another brother of Emperor Taizu. He served as a court official during the Song Dynasty and later passed away. In the first year of Jianyuan, he was posthumously honored by the court. In the first year of Jianwu, he was posthumously titled Emperor Jing, and his wife, Lady Jiang, was honored as Empress. The court constructed a shrine for him west of the Imperial Way, and his tomb was named Xiuan Ling. Daosheng had three sons: Feng, Emperor Gaozong, and Prince Mian of Anlu. Feng, known as Jingci, served as Zhengyuan Lang and died during the Song Dynasty, posthumously titled Prince Jingshi. In the first year of Jianwu during the reign of the Ming Emperor, he was posthumously appointed as Shian Jingwang with the titles of Shizhong, Biaoqi Jiangjun, and Kaifu Yitong Sansi. The Hualin Fengzhuang Gate was renamed Wangxian Gate, a phoenix was painted in the Taiji East Hall, titled 'Divine Bird,' and the Luan was renamed Divine Sparrow. His son Yaoguang succeeded him in his title. Yaoguang, styled Yuanhui, had leg difficulties since childhood. Emperor Taizu believed his physical condition was unsuitable for sacrificial activities and wanted to pass on the title to his younger brother. However, Emperor Shizu advised him against it, and in the end, Yaoguang inherited the title. He began as a Yuanwailang, later promoted to Yushi Lang, then became a Taixun Xima, followed by Zhongshu Lang, and then Yuzhang Neishi, but he never assumed any of these positions.
During the reign of Emperor Gaozong, Yaoguang was very interested in astronomy, calendar, and Daoist thoughts, and secretly participated in Gaozong's schemes and advice. In the first year of Longchang, he was appointed as the General of the Valiant Cavalry, the Champion General, the Governor of South Donghai Prefecture, and also in charge of the affairs of South Xuzhou. Not long after, he was appointed as the Governor of Pengcheng, while retaining his position as a general. Later, he was appointed as the Assistant General to the State and the Governor of Wuxing. After Emperor Gaozong abolished Yulin County, Yaoguang was appointed as the Champion General, the Colonel of the Southern Tribes, the Chief Historian of the Western Command, and the Governor of Nanjun. Within a year, he was appointed five times in quick succession, but never took up any of the positions. At that time, Emperor Gaozong was preparing to ascend the throne, and all matters of punishment and reward had to be decided in consultation with Yaoguang.
In the first year of Jianwu, he was appointed as the Commissioner, Commander of the military in Yangzhou and South Xuzhou, the General-in-Chief, and the Inspector of Yangzhou. Prince Jin'an Baoyi served as the Inspector of South Xuzhou, and Yaoguang requested to be relieved of his supervision over South Xuzhou, to which the Emperor consented. The following year, Yaoguang was promoted to Grand Marshal, with the added position of Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary, and was provided with a retinue of chariots, horses, and ceremonial guards. Yaoguang was renowned for his adept management of state affairs, with many lauding his clarity and decisiveness, although he was also considered ruthless and cruel in his methods. Due to his leg problems, he could not attend court with the other officials and always entered the palace by carriage from the Xianmen gate. Whenever he had long private conversations with the Emperor, after which incense was prepared, signaling that someone would meet their end the following day. The Emperor had few close confidants and harbored deep resentment towards the descendants of the Gao and Wu families, wanting to eliminate them all, with Yaoguang assisting in planning and carrying out the executions. In the first year of Yongtai, Yaoguang was promoted to Grand General while retaining his previous position, and was provided with a lavishly adorned chariot. As the Emperor's health deteriorated, Yaoguang often attended to his needs in the palace. The Emperor's condition worsened, and overnight, Prince Hedong Xuan and seven other princes were all carried out at Yaoguang's behest.
The emperor died, and in his will, he promoted Yao Guang to be an Imperial Attendant, Minister of the Interior, and also granted him a ceremonial guard. In the first year of Yongyuan, he was also assigned twenty guards with swords and officially appointed as the Grand Commandant of the Household. Yao Guang began his political career, and when he saw the young emperor ascending the throne, he secretly conspired with the Jiang brothers, aspiring to seize the throne for himself. His brother Yao Xin was in the Jingchu area, commanding the army and holding the high ground; the two brothers were secretly in cahoots. Yao Guang planned to use the authority of the Eastern Palace to issue commands throughout the realm and have Yao Xin quickly move south. Their plot was on the verge of execution, but Yao Xin fell ill and died. Jiang Ji faced execution, and the Marquis of Donghun summoned Yao Guang to court, revealing Jiang Ji's treachery. Fear gripped Yao Guang, and upon returning to his mansion, he cried out in despair, and from then on, he feigned illness and withdrew from court. Earlier, when Yao Guang returned to the city, a gust of wind swept his ceremonial umbrella beyond the city walls.
Yao Guang's younger brother Yao Chang died earlier in Shouchun. The Yuzhou army surrendered to Yao Guang. Later, after Yao Xin died, his body was transported back to Wujin for burial. The coffin was placed by the river in front of the East Mansion, and many people from Jingzhou came to pay their respects. After the Emperor executed Jiang Ji, he worried that Yao Guang would be restless and wanted to appoint him as Minister of Works, allowing him to return home, and summoned him to the palace to explain the situation. Yao Guang feared for his life. On the afternoon of August 12th, he gathered the armies of Yuzhou and Jingzhou, drawing a large crowd at the East Mansion gate. People on the street found it odd and were unsure of his intentions. Yao Guang gathered his relatives, Danyang Prefect Liu Feng, and some trusted followers, planning to raise troops under the guise of punishing Liu Xuan. That night, he sent hundreds of men to storm Dongye Prison, free the prisoners, and seize weapons from the Imperial Arsenal. He also summoned the valiant cavalry general Yuan Lisheng, who arrived promptly and urged Yao Guang to lead the city's forces in a night assault on the palace, suggesting they set fire to the palace gates, saying, "As long as you lead the troops, success will be easy!" Yao Guang hesitated, afraid to act. As dawn approached, Yao Guang, clad in armor, arrived at the assembly point, paused to organize his troops, and ascended the city tower to reward his soldiers. Yuan Lisheng urged him once more to march out, but Yao Guang still declined, suspecting that something had gone wrong in the palace.
At noon, the imperial army approached slightly closer, and Shangshu Fu Yaoguang said, "The rules of rebellion are clear. You have broken the rules and disrupted the established order, and your crime is unforgivable. Xiao Yaoguang, you are a member of the royal family, but you are foolish and incompetent, with despicable behavior. You aspire to glory and riches, but where is the road to the emperor? You were favored in the past, like the emperor's son, but you have forgotten your gratitude and have exceeded the royal relatives in favor. You enjoy the privileges of a thousand carriages and splendid attire, residing in a mansion with walls towering over a hundred feet. When the late emperor was alive, he entrusted you with important tasks personally, and his kindness still remains. Yet you defy the authority of heaven, showing no fear of retribution. You lack the loyalty expected of a subject, and you will ultimately face the consequences. You have raised troops in rebellion, attacked the capital, a crime more serious than any before. Now, I will split the army into six divisions and initiate nine campaigns. The emperor will personally command the army to execute this military strategy. Rewards and punishments will be clear, like the rushing river." He then declared martial law and granted amnesty to the city.
General Xiao Tanzhi stationed at Xianggong Temple, Zhenjun Sima Cao Hu stationed at Qingxi Bridge, and the Prince's Right Guard Leader Zuo Xingsheng stationed at the East Palace East Lijing Gate. The army surrounded the city on three sides from the east, setting fire to the Situ residence. Yaoguang sent Yuan Lisheng to fight from the west gate. The imperial army defeated the rebels multiple times, killing the rebel leader Sang Tianai. Initially, when Yaoguang raised troops, he sought advice from the military advisor Xiao Chang, who firmly refused to participate. Fifteen days later, Xiao Chang and the Military Historian Shen Zhaolu secretly escaped from the south gate, crossed the Huai River back to the court, significantly demoralizing the rebel forces. On the sixteenth day, Yuan Lisheng fought from the south gate, but ultimately surrendered to Cao Hu's forces, who ordered his execution. Yaoguang was enraged, leaping and shouting in bed, and commanded the execution of Yuan Lisheng's son.
At night, the imperial army used rockets to burn down the northeast corner of the city, and by night, the city wall was breached. Yao Guang returned to the small study, sitting in the tent fully dressed with a hat on, lighting a candle to see, locking the door and securing the study tightly. The people around him all escaped over the wall. The main generals of the imperial army, including Liu Guobao and Shi Dangbo, were the first to charge in. When Yao Guang heard the approaching army outside, he blew out the candle, got off the bed, and the soldiers burst into the room, dragged him out into the darkness, and beheaded him. He was thirty-two at the time of his defeat. The night before Yao Guang's defeat, the people in the city all dreamt of a swarm of snakes slithering out from the city walls, sharing their dreams and finding it strange. The imperial army entered the city and almost burnt down all the houses.
Sima Duan was the chief secretary at Yao Guang's residence, and Cao Hu asked him, "Are you a thief or not?" Sima Duan replied, "I am grateful for the immense kindness and virtue of Prince Shi'an. I am willing to die now." Cao Hu did not kill him but sent him back to the court. However, Xu Shipiao had him executed. Liu Feng escaped back home but was murdered by someone else. Sima Duan was from Henan, and Liu Feng was from Nanyang. Both were dutiful to their stepmothers, and Liu Feng's younger brother, Liu Zhan, served Liu Feng dutifully.
The court ordered Yao Guang's body to be buried and pardoned his sons. Yao Guang was posthumously titled General of the Auxiliary Country Sangtian Ai and Governor of Liangzhou. Jiangling Gong Baolan was appointed as Prince Shi'an and honored Queen Dowager Jingwang. In the second year of Yongyuan, Baolan was appointed as the Commissioner, Governor of Xiangzhou, General of the Auxiliary Country, and Governor of Xiangzhou.
Yao Xin, style name Zhonghui, was the elder brother of Emperor Xuan and the Prefect of Xiping. Having no descendants, he allowed Yao Xin to inherit his great-grandson title. Yao Xin was appointed successively as a Gentleman of the Palace Secretariat, an Attendant to the Crown Prince, a Literary Officer of the Prince of Baling, and a Gentleman of the Imperial Library. In the first year of Yanxing, after Emperor Gaozong ascended the throne, Yao Xin was appointed as the Commissioner, the Supervisor of military affairs in Yanzhou, overseeing the Huai River region, the General of Ning Shuo, and the Inspector of Yanzhou. He also concurrently served as the Supervisor of Yuzhou, the Western Yang Commandery of Yingzhou, and the Runan Commandery of Sizhou, holding the titles of General Who Supports the State and Inspector of Yuzhou, while his duties as Commissioner remained unchanged. However, he had not yet assumed his duties. In the first year of Jianwu, Yao Xin was promoted to General of the Western Army and bestowed the title of Count of Wenxi. Later, he was promoted to Commissioner, Commander of military affairs in Jing, Yong, Yi, Ning, Liang, Nan, and Bei Qin Seven Provinces, Right General, and Inspector of Jingzhou, with his title changed to Duke of Qujiang. At that time, the sons and relatives of Emperor Gaozong were quite young, and Prince Jin'an Baoyi was also ill, so the court appointed Prince Yao Guang to oversee the administration in the Yangzhou region, while Yao Xin was responsible for the administration in Shaanxi and other peripheral areas, with both of them having significant power. Yao Xin was brave and ruthless, recruiting numerous warriors as his personal militia. Four years later, he was promoted to General Who Pacifies the West. In the first year of Yongtai, due to a rebellion by the Qiang people in Yongzhou, the court ordered Yao Xin to concurrently serve as the Inspector and the Supervisor of Nanman, and transferred him to guard Xiangyang, ultimately leading to the Qiang people's retreat. In the first year of Yongyuan, Yao Xin passed away at the age of thirty-one. The court posthumously honored him with the titles of Palace Attendant and Minister of Works, and conferred upon him the posthumous title of Duke Kang, with his funeral conducted according to royal standards. Yao Chang, style name Jihui, initially served as a Gentleman of the Palace Secretariat, later becoming an Attendant to the Crown Prince, an Official in the Imperial Secretariat, and the Deputy Director of the Secretariat, gradually rising in ranks. In the first year of Yanxing, he was appointed as a Gentleman of the Yellow Gate, but before he could take office, he was assigned to serve as the Commissioner, the Supervisor of military affairs in Yingsi, the General of Ning Shuo, and the Inspector of Yingshou. These titles were quite prestigious.
In the first year of the Jianwu era, his official position was promoted again; he was appointed Champion General and also granted the title of Duke of Fengcheng County, with a fief of 1,500 households. However, before he could take up his post in Yingzhou, he was reassigned to oversee military affairs in Xiyang County of Yuzhou and Runan County of Sizhou, and his official title changed to Conqueror General and Governor of Yuzhou, while still retaining the important title of "holding the command." In the year 477 AD, the grandson of Northern Wei's Emperor Taiwu, Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong, led troops to attack Shouchun. He sent messengers into the city to announce his presence, and the people of Shouchun quickly sent the military officers Cui Qingyuan and Zhu Xuanzhi to meet him. Cui Qingyuan said: "Your banners and flags are displayed, coming from such a distant place, crossing mountains and rivers to reach the Huaihe River and Sishui River basin, dusty and weary from the journey, have you faced hardships?" Tuoba Hong said: "My carriage travels very fast, running thousands of miles in a short time; the journey wasn't far and wasn't tiring." Cui Qingyuan said: "Even though the journey isn't far, it must still be tiring for you to come in person. Just like Qu Wan, the envoy from the Chu State, said back in the day: 'You don't have to come all the way here, why is that?' "Tuoba Hong said: "Of course I have my reasons. Do you want me to be vague, or are you going to directly accuse me of my intentions?"
Cui Qingyuan replied, "You've always been recognized for your tolerance and effectiveness in handling northern affairs. You did not discuss this with us before coming, so there's no need to beat around the bush." Tuoba Hong said, "I originally wanted to discuss with you, and you happened to come. What is your opinion on the Emperor of Qi's abdication and enthronement?" Cui Qingyuan said, "It is a consistent practice throughout history to abolish incompetent emperors and enthrone wise ones. Reviving a country isn't something that can be done in just one generation. Your relationship with the late Emperor of Qi is extraordinary, as close as fish to water. Before his death, the late Emperor entrusted you with the future. But your nephew, Xiao Zhaoye, was corrupt and got deposed as the Prince of Yulin. The ministers all requested your enthronement as emperor, and only then did you ascend to the throne. You accepted the people's support and took the throne at the strict orders of the Empress Dowager and the courtiers' requests. We do not know your true thoughts, hence our confusion." Tuoba Hong said, "I feel much better after hearing your words. I heard that the Empress of Qi Wu (Lu Shi) is very capable. Can she really be reinstated? If what you said is true, what happened to the descendants of Emperor Wu?" Cui Qingyuan said, "All seven princes committed crimes and were executed. The remaining more than twenty vassal states, some were promoted, and some were appointed as local officials. As for the lessons learned from the Empress's power abuse, the ancients have suffered from it long ago, but the chaos in court politics happened ten times, and it was actually due to Empress Wenmu (Xiao Ze's mother)." Tuoba Hong said, "I heard that not a single descendant of Emperor Wu of Qi was left. Your words sound nice, but the reality might be different; I cannot fully believe it." Tuoba Hong continued, "The world needs to be unified, so a few years ago I wrote a letter to Emperor Wu of Qi, discussing today's affairs. The letter seems to have not reached Emperor Wu, I guess that's fate. The envoys of the Southern Dynasties have rebelled, and I am a little upset, so I've decided to call off the war. I mainly came to check out the salt fields, then return to Luoyang, and stopped by on the way. I have no intention of attacking cities or seizing land, so there's no need for you to worry."
Cui Qingyuan said, "When you see a favorable opportunity, move forward; when faced with difficulties, pull back. If you want to follow the ways of the sage now, maintaining friendly relations between the two countries, wouldn't that be great?" Tuoba Hong said, "Are you suggesting I should marry into your family or not?" Cui Qingyuan replied, "If we form marital ties, the two countries can coexist peacefully, and the people can lead stable lives; if we don't, the two countries will resent each other, and the people will suffer. Whether to form marital ties or not is entirely up to your decision." Tuoba Hong said, "I primarily came to inspect the salt fields before heading back to Luoyang; I just stopped by. I have no plans to attack the city or fight, so you don't have to worry."
Hey, bring out the wine and food; roast lamb, fruits, and everything else are ready. Then I asked Qingyuan, "I heard you propose removing that incompetent heir, which shows great loyalty and filial piety. But why not choose a close relative? Like how Duke of Zhou assisted King Cheng, why do you want to take power for yourself?" Qingyuan replied, "King Cheng was wise at the level of a saint, that's why Duke of Zhou could assist him. While these close relatives may not have any significant flaws, they aren't as wise as King Cheng. Look at Huo Guang; didn't he also give up on the close relatives of the Han Dynasty and establish Emperor Xuan?" I said, "So, based on your reasoning, if Huo Guang wanted to become emperor himself, could he still be seen as a loyal minister?" Qingyuan said, "That's completely different. We are discussing the issue of whether to appoint Emperor Xuan or not; the implications are entirely different. How can you compare yourself to Huo Guang, Your Majesty? If that’s the case, why not discuss King Wu overthrowing King Zhou? Why not appoint Duke Wei to assist him? Is it all just a matter of wanting power?" I couldn't help but laugh at that.
The next day, I led the troops to the east of the city and sent Dao Deng into the city to give five hundred rolls of silk to all the monks. I also rewarded Qingyuan and one other man with trousers, robes, and belts. Yao Chang passed away in the first year of Yongtai. The emperor treated my two brothers like his own sons and was very sad. He posthumously honored him with the title of Chariot and Cavalry General and an official of equal rank. The emperor asked Xu Xiaosi, who said, "Fengcheng (Yao Chang's title) originally held a relatively low position; promoting him to Bantai is a bit excessive." The emperor replied, "You’re trying to set a precedent for future generations, but this is my nephew; we cannot follow the rules." Finally, Yao Chang was posthumously given the title of Xiangong. Anlu Zhao Wang, named Xiao Mian, styled Jingye, was handsome and capable. He started as a minor official in the Secretariat, then served as a literary official for Prince Shaoling of Song, and later rose to be a Gentleman of the Central Secretariat. In the first year of Jianyuan, he was appointed as Marquis of Anlu with a fief that included one thousand households. He was later promoted to Tutor to the Crown Prince, then was promoted to an attendant, and continued to rise in rank. After Emperor Shizu ascended the throne, Xiao Mian was promoted to be the Minister of War, also serving as the General of the Vanguard. He was then sent to serve as the Assistant General of the State and the Governor of Wu County. He achieved significant political success and earned a strong reputation at a young age.
Prince Liang of Jingling wrote back to him, saying, "I feel fortunate to have had your support. In all my years in the government, I have never seen such a good official like you!" The Emperor also admired him and promoted him to be the Commander, Inspector of Yingshou and Sishou Provinces, Champion General, and Governor of Yingshou. In the fifth year of Yongming, Xiao Mian returned to the court as a Palace Attendant, concurrently holding the position of Cavalry Attendant, and then was further promoted to Central Army Commander. The following year, he was promoted to Attendant Cavalry and Prince's Attendant. Later, he was sent to Kuaiji as the Prefect, while still retaining his position as Cavalry Attendant. He was then promoted to Commander, Inspector of Yong, Liang, North and South Qin, Jingzhou, Jingling, Sishou, and Suijun, Left General, Ningman Colonel, and Governor of Yongzhou, with greater responsibilities and higher ranks.
Xiao Mian was genuinely concerned about the common people's grievances and personally addressed their needs. Those who were robbed or captured at the ferry were pardoned, allowing them to start anew, with only repeat offenders facing harsher punishments. As a result, the common people held him in great respect and affection.
Nine years later, Xiao Mian passed away. The court granted him a funeral fund of 100,000 coins and 200 rolls of cloth. His remains were carried back to his hometown, as the locals mourned by the Mian River, holding memorial ceremonies for him, and erecting a shrine at Xianshan in his honor. The court posthumously honored him with the titles of Palace Attendant, Guard General, while retaining his positions as Commander and Governor, and providing him with a ceremonial escort. He was posthumously honored with the title of Marquis Zhao, passing away at the age of thirty-seven.
Emperor Gaozong had a close relationship with Xiao Mian since childhood, when he was still serving as a Prefect and Chief of Guards. Upon hearing of Xiao Mian's passing, Gaozong requested to resign from his position as Chief of Guards to pay his final respects, but the court did not approve. Every time Gaozong visited Xiao Mian's spirit to offer sacrifices, he cried inconsolably. In the first year of Jianwu, the court posthumously honored Xiao Mian with the titles of Palace Attendant, Minister of Works, and Prince of Anlu, with a stipend of two thousand households.
Zi Baozhen became the Governor of Xiangzhou, also holding positions such as the Military Inspector of Xiangzhou and the Deputy General of the State, a high-ranking official. His younger brother Bao Lan was granted the title of Duke of Jiangling, while Bao Hong was granted the title of Duke of Runan, each with estates of fifteen hundred households! Two years later, Baozhen was promoted to General of Champions. Three years later, Bao Hong's title changed again, being renamed as Duke of Xiaocheng.
In the first year of Yongyuan, there was a border conflict in Anlu County, which led to Baozhen being granted the title of King of Xiangdong, with his official position rising to General of Pacification. Two years later, he became the Left Guard General, with his rank continuing to rise. The brothers of Emperor Gaozong were all skilled officials, and although Baozhen also enjoyed literary pursuits, he fell a bit short in comparison to them. Later, when Xiao Yan rebelled, Baozhen was in the city at the time and saw the Emperor being deposed, realizing that the political landscape was changing. He waited for the court to send someone to take over, but the people in the city voluntarily opened the gates and surrendered to the Prince of Liang.
After Empress Dowager Xuande took power, Baozhen was appointed as the Grand Minister. Feeling restless, he actually thought about rebelling! Consequently, he and his brothers met their demise, truly reaping what they had sown.
Historical records say: when Emperor Taizu was in power, his two brothers passed away early, with only Baozhen's luck leading him to higher positions. Prince of Anlu, Baozhen, as a relative of the imperial family, rose to high positions at a young age, governing provinces and counties, achieving some political accomplishments, and being remembered fondly by the common people. However, he relied on intuition in his actions and was relatively casual in his studies, leading to an unfavorable ending. This shows that just having intuition and knowledge doesn't guarantee one will be a good official.
It is worth noting: Emperor Taizu's two brothers were posthumously granted titles. The Yuan family continued to prosper and the descendants flourished. They had power and fortune, but ultimately, their fates rested in their own hands. The deeds of Prince of Anlu, Baozhen, serve as a warning to future generations.
