Jingzhou was first established by the provincial governor Wang Rui during the late years of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty. Xiling became a strategic military stronghold during the Wu Kingdom. After the Jin Dynasty pacified the Wu Kingdom in the first year of Taikang, the provincial governor of Jingzhou resumed office in Jiangling. In the first year of Jianxing of Emperor Min, the provincial governor Zhou Yi fled to Jiankang to evade Du Tao's forces, and Tao Kan succeeded him as provincial governor, with his office located in Dukou, while Wang Dun worked in Wuchang. After Huan Wen pacified the Shu area, the administrative center of Jingzhou was restored to Jiangling.
The western side of Jiangling borders Linju, where the waterways are treacherous and difficult to navigate, and the roads are barely passable. To the south lies Bajun and Wujun, and to the southeast, the provincial capital is accessible, passing through regions populated by various tribes, including the barbarians and the snake tribes, and the land is fertile. Therefore, Wenyang County was established to accommodate refugees. Later, the Di tribe captured Xiangyang, and Huan Chong hid in Shangming, over forty miles north of Lexiang City. The land there is fertile, allowing it to serve as a supply hub for both the military and civilians, and it is close to the Three Gorges, alleviating concerns about attacks from the west. This prompted the court to bolster southern defenses while easing those in the north. After Fu Jian was defeated, Xiangyang was reclaimed by the court. In the fourteenth year of Taiyuan, Wang Chen moved the capital of Jingzhou back to Jiangling. The two locations are closely linked, much like lips and teeth; without Xiangyang, Jiangling would be vulnerable to enemy attacks, which is why the capital was established in Jiangling. After Wang Chen, the capital of Jingzhou has never been relocated. Jingzhou, home to various tribes including the barbarians and snake tribes, is expansive and sparsely populated, earning it the name "Yinkuang." Few military towns rival the importance of Jingzhou and Yangzhou in the Jiangzuo area.
Shaan County in Hongnong Prefecture, during the Zhou Dynasty, two lords governed the vassals here. The princess of the Zhou Dynasty lived to the east of Shaan County, and the summons for the princess took place to the west of Shaan County, which is why people referred to Jingzhou as "Shaanxi." The counties governed by Jingzhou include: Nan County, which includes Jiangling, Huarong, Zhijiang, Linju, Bian, and Dangyang; Nanping County, which includes Chanling, Zuotang, Jiang'an, and Annan; Tianmen County, which includes Lingyang, Liyang, Linli, and Louzhong; Yidu County, which includes Yidao, Hanshan, Yiling, and Yichang; Nanyiyang County, which includes Pingshi and Jueshi; Hedong County, which includes Wenxi, Songzi, Qiao, and Yong'an; Wenyang County, which includes Tongyang, Juyang, and Gao'an; Xinxing County, which includes Dingxiang, Xinfeng, and Guangmu; Yongning County, which includes Changning and Shanghuang; Wuning County, which includes Lexiang and Changlin.
Bazhou is situated in a strategically important area of the Three Gorges, where bandits and marauders frequently roamed the mountains. In the third year of the Taishi era of the Song Dynasty, the court decided to station three Ba colonels here for protection. It was later abolished, and in the second year of Shengming, it was re-established. In the second year of Jianyuan, the court combined Badong County of Jingzhou, Jianping County, and Ba County of Yizhou, and established Bazhou Province, appointing a governor to oversee it while also supervising Badong Prefecture. In the first year of Yongming, these counties were returned to their original jurisdictions.
Badong County comprises: Yufu, Quren, Nanpu, Nieyang, Baqu, Xinpu, and Hanfeng. Jianping County comprises: Wu, Zigui, Beijing, Qinchang, Shaqu, and Xinxiang. Ba County comprises: Jiangzhou, Zhi, Dianjiang, and Linjiang. Fuling County comprises: Hanping, Fuling, and Hanmei.
Yingzhou, stationed at Xiakou, has been an important military stronghold since ancient times. During the Wu Kingdom period, a military commander was stationed at Lukou to guard against the Lu Mountains, which is why it was called Lukou Tun. During the Yongjia period of the Jin Dynasty, the Governor of Jingzhou, Shan Jian, fled from Xiangyang to seek refuge in Xiakou. Later, Yu Yi served as the Governor of Jingzhou and established his seat of government in Xiakou due to its strategic importance. During the Taiyuan period, the Governor of Jingzhou, Huan Chong, moved his seat of government to Shangming and petitioned the court, stating: "If the Di tribe rebels come to attack, we will defend the area north of Yingzhou and wait for them to attack without taking the initiative. The Governor of Jiangzhou, Huan Si, should be stationed in Xiakou to occupy the middle ground between the upper and lower reaches, which is more advantageous." In the first year of Yixi, General Liu Yi believed that Xiakou's strategic location between two provinces controlled the Xiang and connected the Yuan and Mian rivers, and requested that the Governor of the province, Liu Daogui, be transferred to guard Xiakou. Xiakou City is situated by the mountains and water, located at Huanghuji, where it is said that the immortal Zian once rode a yellow goose across. The terrain along the river is steep, with towering city towers overlooking the Mian and Han rivers, which facilitated communication with the court. Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty established Yingzhou here to divide the power in the Jingchu region. Yingzhou is divided into the following counties: Jiangxia County includes Shayang, Puqi, Sheyang, Runan, Dunyang, and Huihuai. Jingling County includes Jingling, Yundu, Xiaocheng, Changshou, Xinshi, and Xinyang. Wuling County includes Yuanling, Linyuan, Lingling, Chenyang, Youyang, Yuannan, Hanshou, Longyang, Wuyang, and Qianyang. Baling County includes Xiajun, Zhoulun, Baling, and Jianli. Wuchang County includes Wuchang, E, Yangxin, Yining (seat of government in E County), Zhenyang (not recorded in the household register of the third year of Yongming). Xiyang County.
Let's take a look at the names of these prefectures and counties, all of which are ancient place names that evoke a sense of deep history. First, there are several places not recorded in the Household Register from the Third Year of Yongming: Xiling, Qiyang, Xiyang, Xiaoning, Qisi, as well as Yian Zuo County, Xishui Zuo County, Dong'an Zuo County, and Qishui Zuo County. These places likely had very few inhabitants at that time or simply weren’t recorded.
Next is the newly established Qixing Prefecture in the third year of Yongming, which includes Suihuai, Qikang, Qibo, Suiping, Qining, as well as Shangcai County not recorded in the household register. Then there is Dongzang County, which the household register indicates is a newly established county, but has not yet been assigned any subordinate counties. Fangcheng Zuo County includes Yi, Nanpingyang, Xixinshi, Nanxinshi, Xipingyang, and Dongxinshi. Beixinyang Prefecture includes Chengyang and Guiyi. Yian Zuo County only includes Sui'an Prefecture. Nansunyang Zuo County has five counties: Nansunyang, Xinxing, Beixinyang, Jiaoling, and Xin'an. Beisuian Zuo County indicates that all five counties are unrecorded. Xinping Zuo County includes five counties: Dongcheng, Suihua, Fucheng, Nancheng, and Xin'an. Jianan Zuo County consists of only Xiaocheng Prefecture.
Sizhou, with its capital in Yiyang. During the Jingping era of the Song Dynasty, Sizhou lost its territory in Henan. During the Yuanjia period, a temporary Sizhou was set up near Huxian in Runan County, but it was later dissolved. It wasn’t until the Taishi period that Sizhou was officially established in Yiyang. Sizhou's location is significant, featuring three strategic passes that connect to Chenzhou and Ruzhou in the north and control Xuzhou and Luozhou, which makes it a key border town. After Sizhou was relocated during the Taishi period, it governed Yiyang County and temporarily established Runan County, overseeing three counties. In the fourth year of Yuanhui, its jurisdiction expanded to include Anlu, Sui, and Anman counties. Specifically, Nan Yiyang County includes Xiaochang, Pingyu, Yichang, Pingyang, Nan'an, and Pingchun counties; Beiyiyang County includes Pingyang, Yiyang, Baocheng, Meng, Zhongwu, and Huanshui counties; Sui County includes Sui, Yongyang, Quexi, and Anhua counties; Anlu County (capital) includes Anlu, Yingcheng, Xinshi, Xinyang, and Xuanhua counties; Runan County (capital) includes Pingyu, Beixinxi, Zhenyang, Ancheng, Nanxinxi, Anyang, Linru, Runan, and Shangcai counties; Qian County includes Qian, Shi'an, Yicheng, Nan'an, Yichang, and Yian counties; Huainan County includes Gekou and Pingshi counties; Song'an Zuo County includes Yangze, Lening, and Xiangcheng counties; Anman Zuo County includes Mulan, Xinhua, Huai, Zhongnieyang, Nannieyang, and Anman counties; Yongning Zuo County includes Zhongquling, Quling, Xiaohuai, and Ande counties; Dongyiyang Zuo County includes Yongning, Geyin, Weiqing, and Yongping counties; Dongxin'an Zuo County (the counties under this county are not recorded). Many of these place names are no longer found today; we can only trace their remnants in historical texts. Reflecting on the lives of those who once inhabited this land evokes a deep sense of nostalgia.
Fifthly, Nanping, Linluo, Shiping, Shi'an, Pinglin, Yichang, Gucheng, Xinhua, Xiping, these are the jurisdictions of the Left Commandery of Xincheng. Xiaohuai, Zhongqu, Nanquling, Huaichang, these are the jurisdictions of the Left Commandery of Weishan. Also under the governor's jurisdiction are Zhangping, Beiqu, Luoyang, Weishan, Quling; these are the jurisdictions of the Left Commandery of Jianning. Jianning and Yangcheng are also part of the Left Commandery of Jianning. Gaoyi is the Left Commandery of Beihuai'an. Muhua and Baiyuan are the Left Commandery of Nanhuai'an. Jishan and Youpan are the Left Commandery of Beisuian. Xisui, Gaocheng, and Laoshan are the Left Commandery of Dongsuian.
Next is a description of Yongzhou and Xiangyang, focusing on their administrative divisions and historical changes: Yongzhou, with its capital in Xiangyang, was the headquarters of the Jingzhou Governor's Office under the jurisdiction of the central government of the Jin Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Yuan, Wei Gai was appointed as the governor of Yongzhou, stationed at Zengcheng, while Xiangyang had a strong military presence stationed elsewhere. Later, Yu Yi served as the governor of Jingzhou, planning a northern expedition, stationed in Xiangyang. After the Yongjia Rebellion, many people from Xiangyang fled, resulting in the city being left in ruins. In the eighth year of the Xiankang era, the official Yin Rong suggested, "Xiangyang and Shicheng are border regions frequently troubled by enemy incursions. Those abandoned and dilapidated counties with sparse populations could be merged." After Zhu Xu was appointed as the governor of Yongzhou, he established a few foreign commanderies in Xiangyang, which were later taken over by the Di tribe. After the defeat of the Di tribe and their retreat to the north, Zhu Xu was reappointed as the governor of Yongzhou. The land around Xiangyang is fertile and suitable for farming, with mulberry trees, catalpa trees, and marshes spread throughout. When Xi Hui served as the governor of Yongzhou, the original residents were few, but their numbers gradually increased with new arrivals. During the Song Yuanjia period, five counties of Jingzhou were placed under the jurisdiction of Yongzhou, transforming Xiangyang into a significant military stronghold. It is nestled between mountains and rivers, connected to the Wuan and Luo regions to the north, boasting convenient transportation links, spanning the Fan and Mian rivers, acting as the northern gateway to Yan and Ying. Because it governs tribal areas, a separate office for tribal affairs was established.
The following is a list of Xiangyang and surrounding counties, which were the administrative regions administered by Yongzhou at that time:
The counties administered by Yongzhou include: Xiangyang County (which includes Xiangyang, Zhonglu, Yifeng, Jianchang); Nanyang County (which includes Wangcheng, Nieyang, Guanjun, Wuyin, Li, Yunyang, Xuchang); Xinye County (which includes Xinye, Shandu, Chiyang, Rang, Jiaomu, Huihuai); Shiping County (which includes Wudang, Wuyang, Shiping, Pingyang); Guangping County (which includes Zi, Biyang, Guangping, Yin); Jingzhao County (which includes Deng, Xinfeng, Du, Wei); Fufeng County (which includes Zhuyang, Mei, Fanyang); Fengyi County (which includes Ruo, Lianshao, Gaolu); Henan County (which includes Henan, Xincheng, Jiyang, Xiangxiang, Heyin); Nantianshui County (which includes Luoyang, Huayin, West); Yicheng County (which includes Wannian, Yicheng); Jianchang County.
This text mainly discusses the administrative divisions and historical changes of the Xiangyang area and surrounding counties in Yongzhou during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, especially during the Eastern Jin period, showing the complex geopolitical situation at that time.
Yongxing, a place of tranquility. This is the boundary of Huashan County. Lantian, Huashan, and Shanghuang are all here.
Next is Nanshangluo County, but during the Jianwu period, including Nanshangluo County, the following counties were occupied by enemy forces: Shangluo and Shangxian are also included.
As for Beihenan County, it includes Xincai, Ruyin, Shangcai, Goushi, Luoyang, Xin'an, Gushi, and Baoxin. Hongnong County includes Handan, Yu, Lushi. Shunyang County includes Nanxiang, Huaili, Qingshui, Danshui, Zhengxian, Congyang. The five counties of Xirunan, Beishangluo, Qian, Qikang, and Zhaoyi have information about their subordinate counties unavailable.
The counties under the jurisdiction of Ningman Mansion are different from the above, as follows: Xinxin County, Fanyang, Anhua, and Nan'an; Yining County includes Zhuxian, Yining, Fanyang, Wudang, and Nanyang; Nanxiang County includes Xinxin, Wuchang, Jianwu, and Wuping; Beijianwu County includes Dongchangqiu, Ba, Beixiao, Gaoluo, Xichangqiu, and Pingqiu; Caiyang County includes Lean, Dongcaiyang, Xicaoyang, Xinhua, Yangzi, and Xinxin; Yong'an County includes Dong'anle, Xinxin, Xianle, and Laoquan; Anding County includes Sigui, Guihua, Gaoting, Xinxin, Shihan, and Shiqing; Huaihua County includes Huaihua, Bian, Suicheng, Jingyang, Xinhua, Suining, and Xinyang; Wuning County includes Xinxin, Wuning, Huaining, Xincheng, and Yongning; Xinyang County includes Dongpinglin, Touzhang, Xinxin, Langcheng, Xinshi, Xinyang, Wu'an, and Xilin; Yian County includes Jiaoxiang, Dongli, Yongming, Shandu, Yining, Xili, Yian, Nanxi, and Yiqing; Gao'an County includes Gao'an and Xinji. All twelve counties—Xinxin, Yining, Nanxiang, Beijianwu, Caiyang, Yong'an, Anding, Huaihua, Wuning, Xinyang, Yian, and Gao'an—have been occupied by the enemy.
Xiangzhou, with its capital in Changsha County, lies in the heart of the Xiang River basin, where the people are prosperous and the land is fertile. In the first year of the Yongjia era of the Jin Dynasty, Xiangzhou was established from Jingzhou, with Gou Tiao appointed as the governor. After several periods of disbandment, it was re-established in the sixteenth year of the Yuanjia era, and has continued to exist ever since, becoming a long-standing provincial capital. It connects to the Lingnan region to the south and is closely tied to the Jingzhou region. The counties under its jurisdiction include: Changsha County.
It is said that in ancient times, there was a place that was known for its extensive jurisdiction, including Linxiang, Luo, Xiangyin, Liling, Liuyang, Jianning, Wuchang, and other areas that fell under the Guiyang Commandery. There are also places such as Chen, Linwu, Nanping, Leiyang, Jinning, and Rucheng, which belong to the Lingling Prefecture. Quanling, Taoyang, Lingling, Qiyang, Guanyang, Yongchang, and Yingyang Prefecture are all under the jurisdiction of the Hengyang Commandery. The Yingyang Prefecture encompasses Yingdao, Lingdao, Yingpu, and Lingling. In the Xiangdong Prefecture, there are Chaling, Xinning, You, Linzheng, Chong'an, and Yinshan. The Shaoling Commandery administers Duoliang, Shaoling, Gaoping, Wugang, Jianxing, Shaoyang, and Fu, among other places. The Shixing Commandery includes Qujiang, Guiyang, Renhua, Yangshan, Lingjie, Hanyu, Lingxi, Zhongsu, Zhenyang, and Shixing Prefecture. The Linhe Commandery includes Linhe, Fengcheng, Fuchuan, Fengyang, Xieyu, Xing'an, Ningxin, Kaijian, and Funing. The Shian Commandery, originally called Shijian Commandery, was later renamed during the Qi Dynasty and comprises Shian, Lipu, Jianling Zuo County, Xiping, Yongfeng, and Pingle.
Let's revisit Liangzhou. Its capital is Nanzheng. It was established only after the Wei Dynasty pacified Shu Han in the fourth year of Jingyuan. In the first year of the Yongjia period of the Jin Dynasty, bandits from Shu occupied Hanzhong, and the governor, Zhang Guang, stationed himself in Weixing, only returning to Hanzhong three years later. In the first year of Jianxing, the Di and Qiang tribes occupied Hanzhong again. Later, Huan Wen pacified Shu, recovering the lost territories. After that, it was occupied by Qiao Zong, but was retaken after Qiao Zong pacified it. Whenever Hanzhong was lost, the governor would take up residence in Weixing. Hanzhong serves as a barrier for Bashu, so when Liu Bei secured Hanzhong, he remarked, "Even if Cao Cao comes, he will be powerless." Therefore, whenever turmoil arises in Shu, Hanzhong is frequently occupied. Although it is sometimes retaken, the population continues to decline. During the Yuanjia period of the Song Dynasty, Zhen Fahuo was attacked by the Di tribe, and Hanzhong was lost. Xiao Sihua later managed to recover Hanzhong. Afterwards, the Di and Qiang tribes often attacked each other, and refugees from the Guanlong area fled here, so the population gradually increased. Liangzhou borders the Di and Qiang tribes and is also an important military stronghold. The counties it governs are as follows: Hanzhong Prefecture includes Nanzheng, Chenggu, Mianyang, Xixiang, and Xishangyong; Weixing Prefecture includes Xicheng, Xunyang, Xingjin, Guangchang, Nanguangcheng (not listed in the "Yongyuan Records"), and Guangcheng; Xinxing Prefecture (not recorded in the second year of Yongyuan) includes Jiyang and Dongguan; and Nanxincheng Prefecture.
First, let's examine these place names, all of which are ancient county names that evoke a strong sense of history: Fangling, Suiyang, Changwei, Qixiang, Langyang, and Le Ping... Though these places may have different names today, one can imagine they were once vibrant and bustling.
Next is Shangyong Jun, which governs places such as Shangyong, Wuling, Qian, Beiwu, Shanglian, Weiyang, Xinfeng, Xin'an, and Jiyang. Jinshou Jun is simpler, with only Jinshou, Shaohuan, Xing'an, and Baishui counties. Huayang Jun includes Duangu, Huayang, Xingsong, and Jiachang; Xinba Jun has Xinba, Jincheng, and Jin'an. Beibaxi Jun has more, including Langzhong, Anhan, Songshou, Nanguo, Xiguo, Pingzhou, Hanchang, just hearing the names evokes a sense of vast territory.
Baqu Jun includes Xuanhan, Jinxing, Shixing, Baqu, Dongguan, Shi'an, and Xiapu; Huai'an Jun has only Huai'an and Yicun. Songxi Jun has Xingping, Song'an, Yang'an, Yuanshou, and Jiachang, though Jiachang is not mentioned in the "Yongyuan Zhi." Baishui Jun includes Jinshou, Xinba, Hande, Yichang, Xing'an, and Pingzhou; Nanshangluo Jun has Shangluo, Shang, Liumin, Beifengyang, Quyang, and Yiyang.
Beishangluo Jun also has Shangluo and Shang, as well as Fengyang, Liumin, Juyang, Yangting, Qihua, Xifengyang, Dongyeyang, and Qining, with Fengyang and Qining not recorded in the "Yongyuan Zhi." Additionally, there are Jingzhao, Xinning, and Xinfu, which are also not mentioned in the "Yongyuan Zhi." Ankang Jun has only Ankang and Ningdu; Nandangqu Jun includes Dangqu, Han'an, Xuanhan, and Songkang.
Huaihan Jun has Yongfeng, Suicheng, and Yude; Beiyinping Jun includes Yiping and Pingwu; Nanyinping Jun includes Yiping and Huaijiu. Qixing Jun has Qixing, Anchang, Yunxiang, Xi, Anfu, and Lueyang, with Qixing and Anchang not mentioned in the "Yongyuan Zhi." Jinchang Jun includes Anjin, Xuanhan, Jiyang, Changshou, Dongguan, Xinxing, Yanshou, and Anle. Regarding Dongjinshou Jun, the text states that the records of the counties have been lost.
The remaining Hongnong Jun, Dongchang Wei Jun, Lueyang Jun, Beizitong Jun, Guangchang Jun, Sanshui Jun, Sian Jun, Songchang Jun, Jianning Jun, Nanquan Jun, Sanba Jun, Jiangling Jun, Huaihua Jun, Guining Jun, Dongjian Jun, Beidangqu Jun, Songkang Jun, Nanhuan Jun, Nanzitong Jun are not detailed in the text. It seems that specific details about these commanderies still need further research in historical sources.
Initially, Qinzhou established Shining Jun, Jiangyang Jun, Nanbu Jun, Nan'an Jun, Jian'an Jun, Shouyang Jun, Nanyang Jun, Songning Jun, Guihua Jun, Shi'an Jun, Pingnan Jun, Huaining Jun, Xinxing Jun, Nanping Jun, Qizhao Jun, Qichang Jun, Xinhua Jun, Ningzhang Jun, Linyi Jun, Jingzhao Jun, Yiyang Jun, Guifu Jun, Anning Jun, Dongdangqu Jun, Song'an Jun, Qian Jun, a total of forty-five commanderies, many of which are desolate and sparsely populated.
Qinzhou was established in the fifth year of Emperor Wu of Jin's Taishi era. This area was once a fertile land of the Qin state, characterized by its rolling hills. It was abolished during the Taikang era and re-established in the seventh year of Emperor Hui's Yuankang era. Later, it fell into the hands of the nomads amid the turmoil in the Central Plains. In the eighth year of the Yonghe era of Emperor Mu, Wang Zhuo, the governor of Qinzhou appointed by the nomads, surrendered and continued to serve as governor, but was quickly defeated by Fu Jian. In the eleventh year of Yonghe, Huan Wen appointed Yang Guo, the leader of the Di tribe, as the governor of Qinzhou, but at that time, it remained uninhabited. It wasn't until the fourteenth year of the Taiyuan era that Zhu Xu, the governor of Yongzhou, began overseeing Qinzhou, which had been established by Emperor Xiaowu. The capital of Qinzhou was set in Xiangyang, initially without a governor, and later the governor of Yongzhou consistently oversaw Qinzhou. In the second year of Long'an, Guo Quan became the governor of Liangzhou and South Qinzhou, with its capital located in Hanzhong. Four years later, Huan Xuan governed seven states, including Qinzhou. In the first year of Yuanxing, Fu Jian's son Fu Hong was appointed as the governor of North Qinzhou. From then on, the commander of Jingzhou consistently oversaw Qinzhou, and the governor of Liangzhou also concurrently managed South Qinzhou. In the third year of Yixi, Yang Guo, the leader of the Di tribe, was once again appointed as the governor of North Qinzhou. In the fourteenth year of Yixi, East Qinzhou was established, with Liu Yizhen taking on the role of governor. Guo Gong served as the governor of Liangzhou, and Yin Ya served as the governor of Qinzhou. Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty served as the commander of Jingzhou, administering Qinzhou, and later also administered North Qinzhou. The name and administrative structure of Qinzhou have seen numerous changes, and historical records are muddled and challenging to decipher. The "Yongming County and State Records" recorded that the capital of Qinzhou was set in Nanzheng of Hanzhong, without making a distinction between North and South Qinzhou. The "Yuan Jia Ji Xie" also recorded Qinzhou, but stated that the commander of Jingzhou always concurrently managed both North and South Qinzhou, while Liangzhou and South Qinzhou were governed by a single official. Therefore, the Qinzhou mentioned in the "Yongming County and State Records" likely refers to South Qinzhou, while the Di people were in control of North Qinzhou. The counties governed by Qinzhou include Wudu County, Xiabian County, Shanglu County, and Chencang County.
Luèyáng is by the Han River, and Āngù is located south of Huánlíng. Mèi County, Wǔgōng County are in the west of Fúfēng Commandery, Dùlíng County, Lántián County, and Hù County are in Jīngzhào Commandery. Píngtáo County is in the south of Tàiyuán Commandery. Shǐpíng County, Huáilǐ County, and Sòngxī County are in Shǐpíng Commandery, while Xīnyáng County and Héyáng County are in Tiānshuǐ Commandery. Sòngxīng County and Cháonà County are in Āndìng Commandery, and Huán Dào County and Zhōngtáo County are in Nán'ān Commandery. Jīnchéng County, Yúzhōng County, Líntáo County, and Xiāng County are in Jīnchéng Commandery, while Lián Sháo County, Pínyáng County, Xiàguī County, Wànnián County, and Gāolíng County are in Féngyì Commandery. Héguān County, Dídào County, Shǒuyáng County, and Dàxià County are in Lǒngxī Commandery, and Shàng Biàn County, Cāngquán County, Báishí County, and Yí'ān County are in Chóuchí Commandery. Xī'ān County, Běidì Commandery, and Nánhàn Commandery are in Dōngníng Commandery.
The capital of Yìzhōu is established in Chéngdū, beginning in the fourth year of Wèi Jǐngyuán. By expanding into the wilderness, they gradually established commanderies and counties, similar to the Yǒngchāng Commandery of the Hàn Dynasty and the Yúnshān Commandery of the Jìn Dynasty. Beginning with the rulers Yún Zhuàng and Zhuàng, Yìzhōu has repeatedly become a place where separatist forces have been stationed, which is why Zhūgé Liàng remarked, "Yìzhōu is a land of both danger and fertility." Liú Sòng also stated, "Chéngdū is an ideal place for relatives and sons to establish a kingdom." Therefore, Chéngdū King Yǐng was established, but Yǐng King did not go to his fiefdom. The Three Gorges are steep, and the barbarian forces are strong. The western region of Yìzhōu connects to Ruìruì and Hénán, just like the Wǔwēi Commandery and Zhāngyè Commandery of the Hàn Dynasty; it is a road to the Western Regions. Yìzhōu is located on the border, with a vast territory stretching for thousands of miles, used to settle military generals in the Jìn Dynasty. During the Sòng Dynasty, because Yìzhōu was remote and dangerous, none of the princes were willing to be the governor. During the Tàishǐ period, a small islet suddenly appeared in the river outside Chéngdū. At that time, a man named Shào Shuò from Shǐkāng, who practiced divination and fortune-telling, observed this small islet and declared, "A noble king is surely destined to arrive here." In the second year of Yǒngmíng, Shǐxīng King Zhèn indeed came to serve as the governor of Yìzhōu. The land of Yìzhōu is fertile and rich, making it one of the most important regions in the west. The commanderies and counties under Yìzhōu's jurisdiction, including Yí and Qí, are as follows: (Bā Commandery, Fúlíng Commandery; see Bāzhōu).
Chengdu, Pixian County, Niuchang County, Fan County, and Yongchang County are within the Shu Commandery; Luoxian County, Shifang County, Xindu County, Qixian County, Wucheng County, and Yangquan County are in Guanghan Commandery; Jiangyuan County, Linqiong County, Xiyang County, Jinle County, and Hanjia County are in Jinkang Commandery; Guanghan County, Shengqian County, Guangdu County, and Dianjiang County are in Ningshu Commandery; Du'an County, Qiji County, and Yanguan County are in Wenshan Commandery; Yinping County, Mianzhu County, Nanzheng County, and Nanzhangle County are in Nanyinping Commandery; Dong Suining Commandery... (content not provided here)
Baxing, Xiaohan, Jinxing, and Deyang all belong to Shikang County. Kangjin and Tan have also seen the establishment of a new city; this is Yongning County. Xinping, Yong'an, and Yichang are part of Anxing County. Nanhan and Jianchang belong to Jianwei County. Bodao, Nan'an, Zizhong, Yiguan, and Wuyang are all in Jiangyang County. Jiangyang, Changan, Han'an, and Mianshui belong to Angu County. Huanling, Linwei, Xinggu, Nanbao, Qingshui, Mianyang, and Nancheng District are part of Huaining County. Wannian, Xiping, Huaidao, and Shiping belong to Baxi County. Langzhong, Anhan, Xichong, and Nanchong are all in Zitong County. Fu, Zitong, Hande, Xinxing, Wan'an, and Xipu belong to Dongjiangyang County. Han'an, Anle, and Mianshui are part of Nanjinshou County. Nanjinshou, Baishui, and Nanxing are all in Xidangqu County. Dangqu, Xuanhan, Hanchu, and Dongguan belong to Tianshui County. Xi, Shanggui, Ji, and Songxing are part of Nanshinba County, as recorded in the Yongyuan Zhi, with its capital in Yinping. Xinba, Jinxi, and Huanling belong to Beiyinping County. Yinping, Nanyang, Beihuanling, Fufeng, Shenyang, Jingzhao, and Suigui are all part of Xincheng County. Xiabian, Lueyang, Hanyang, and Anding belong to Fufeng County, as recorded in the third year of Yongyuan Zhi. Wujiang, Huayin, and Maoling are part of Nan'an County, as recorded in the third year of Yongyuan Zhi. Nan'an, Huayang, Baishui, Le'an, and Huandao belong to Dongdangqu Liao County. Dangqu, Pingzhou, and Hanchu all fall under the jurisdiction of the Northern Commandery. Yue Xi Liao County, Shenli Liao County, Gansong Liao County, Shiping Liao County, Qikai Zuo County, and Qitong Zuo County were established in the third year of Jianwu.
Ningzhou, the administrative center of Jianning Prefecture, was originally in the southern part of Yizhou, which Zhuge Liang referred to as "barren land." The journey is arduous, the land is barren, there are many non-Han tribes, and there are few Han people. Strong tribes like Zhucuan and Di take matters into their own hands due to their remote location, hence there is often a risk of rebellion. The counties under the jurisdiction of Ningzhou include: Jianping County, Tongle County, Tonglai County, Muma County, Xinxing County, Xinding County, Wei County, Tongbing County, Wan'an County, Kunze County, Loujiang County, Tangao County, Wudan County, and Cun County.
The magistrate of Canling does not maintain a record of the registered population.
Nanguang County includes Nanguang, Changqian, Jinchang, and Xinxing. Nanzhu County includes Zhuti, Hanyang, Tanglang, and Nanqin. Nanzangkeng County features Qielan, Wanshou, Wulian, Jinle, Suining, and Dannan. Liangshui County features Liangshui, Xisui, Wuduo, Shengxiu, Xinfeng, Jian'an, and Biaofeng.
Jianning County features Xin'an, Yongfeng, Suiyun, Suian, Mayi, and Linjiang. Jinning County includes Jianling, Lianran, Dianchi, Yuyuan, Guchang, Qinzang, and Shuangbai. Yunnan County includes Donggufu, Xigufu, Yunping, and Xielong. Xiping County features Xiping, Nuanjiang, Duyang, Xining, Jinsui, and Xincheng.
Yelang County includes Yelang, Tanbai, Tanle, and Guangtan. Dongheyang County includes Dongheyang and Yeyu. Xiheyang County includes Bisu, Jian'an, and Chengchang. Pingman County has only one place: Pingman. Xinggu County features Xizhong, Wannuan, Lügao, Juting, Luowo, and Nanxing. Xingning County includes Qingling and Nongdong.
Xia County includes three places: Yeyu, Xinfeng, and Suiduan. Pingle County includes two places: Yining and Anning. Beizhuti County includes two places: Heyang and Yicheng. Songchang County includes three places: Jiangyang, Anshang, and Jianwei. Yongchang County, although famous, is regarded as uninhabited and thus not officially established. It includes seven places: Yong'an, Yong, Bu Jian, Jian, Yongxiang, Xicheng, and Bonan.
Yining County was established in the fifth year of Yongming by the governor Dong Zhongshu, governing two districts with no residents, a situation that persisted thereafter. It includes two places: Wuyang and Mianshui. Nanjianwei County was established in the second year of Yongming. Six counties: Xiyi County, Jiangyang County, Jianwei County, Yongxing County, Yongning County, and Anning County were established in the first year of Longchang. Dongzhuti County was established in the first year of Yanxing. Anshang County was established in the third year of Jianwu by the governor Guo Anming.
In conclusion, after the establishment of these counties, they were divided into regions according to the states. Thirteen counties were established in total, but no more than nine were combined. The delineation of cities and towns is extensive and thriving. Migrations and rebellions are ongoing, leading to successive dynastic changes. As stated: "Once the counties are established, they are divided according to the states. Thirteen in total, but no more than nine. Cities and towns are numerous and prosperous. Migrations, rebellions, dynastic changes."
