Huan Yi, styled Maolun, was a native of Longkang, Anhui, and was the ninth generation grandson of the prominent family of the Han Dynasty. His father had served as a court physician. Despite growing up in poverty and eating simple meals, Huan Yi had an optimistic outlook and a cheerful personality, gaining recognition at a young age. He had a keen eye for talent, discovering and promoting individuals who were previously unnoticed, including some who were just children. He was often likened to Xu Yun and Guo Linzong by his peers. Huan Yi had a close relationship with Yu Liang in his youth and was also recognized by Zhou Yi. Zhou Yi once remarked, "Maolun is straightforward and interesting, with a clear-cut and engaging personality." He initially served as a county registrar and later assisted Prince Qi, Sima Jiong, eventually becoming a cavalry commander. When Emperor Yuan became General of the East and ordered a reorganization of the government, Huan Yi was summoned to the court and appointed as a military officer in the Prime Minister's Office, later rising to become an official in the Imperial Secretariat and the Ministry of Personnel, gaining significant recognition at court. During Wang Dun's reign of power, he harbored resentment towards talented and respected individuals, which prompted Huan Yi to resign from his post due to illness. While passing through Yu County, he met the county magistrate, Xu Ning, styled Anqi, who was well-educated and approachable. Huan Yi stayed with Xu Ning for several days, forming a strong friendship before parting ways with reluctance. Previously, Yu Liang had asked Huan Yi to find a talented official for the Ministry of Personnel. Upon arriving in the capital, Huan Yi told Yu Liang, "I have found a suitable official for you." When Yu Liang inquired who it was, Huan Yi replied, "This person possesses qualities that are often overlooked. Xu Ning is truly a rare and upright individual from Shandong!" He then recommended Xu Ning to Yu Liang, who quickly rose through the ranks in the ministry.
Emperor Ming wanted to attack Wang Dun, appointing Huan Yi as the Gentleman of the Imperial Horse to participate in confidential military planning. After Wang Dun was defeated, he was granted the title of Baron of Wanning County for his contributions. Wen Qiao, the Prefect of Danyang, submitted a memorial saying, "Xuancheng is located in a mountainous area where conflicts often occur and requires someone capable and prestigious to govern. I believe Huan Yi is suitable." After reading the memorial, the Emperor commented, "I have just seen Wen Qiao's memorial. Now that the major issues have just been settled, the court is in need of talent. How can the country thrive without capable individuals? Currently, foreign affairs are relatively light, so let's take it slow for now." Huan Yi also wrote a letter declining, stating that he could not handle important positions both internally and externally, but only because his family tomb was in Xuancheng, he wanted a nominal official position there, and was appointed as the Chief Minister of Xuancheng. During his tenure in Xuancheng, he implemented benevolent policies and was greatly revered by the people.
When Su Jun rebelled, Huan Yi gathered volunteer forces to defend the throne. His Chief Clerk Bi Hui felt that the county's military strength was insufficient, and the people in the mountains were prone to causing trouble, suggesting to first organize the army and act when the time was right. Huan Yi's expression darkened as he exclaimed, "Those who disrespect the monarch are as fierce and brutal as eagles preying on sparrows! The state is in grave danger; how can we sit idly by?" He then sent General Zhu Chuo to defeat Su Jun's reinforcements in Wuhu. Later, Huan Yi himself led the army to march and arrived at Shiqi. Just as the court had sent General Sima Liu to occupy Cihu first, he was defeated by Su Jun, who then pushed his forces forward. Realizing the county lacked strong fortifications, Huan Yi retreated to Guangde. Upon hearing news of the court's army defeat, Huan Yi wept bitterly and continued to station in Jing County.
At that time, many states and territories sent envoys to surrender to Su Jun. Bi Hui advised Huan Yi to pretend to negotiate peace with Su Jun to avoid disaster. Huan Yi said, "I have received great favor from the court and should sacrifice myself for the country. How can I endure humiliation and conspire with traitors? If I fail, it is fate!" He then sent General Yu Zong to defend Lan Shi. Su Jun sent General Han Huang to attack Lan Shi. As Yu Zong faced imminent defeat, those around him urged him to retreat. Yu Zong said, "I have received great favor from Marquis Huan (Huan Wen) and should repay it with my life. I cannot betray Marquis Huan, just as he cannot betray the country!" So he fought bravely and died in battle. Han Huang took advantage of the victory to attack Huan Yi. Huan Yi defended for over a year, fighting alone and gradually weakening. Su Jun's army said, "If Huan Yi surrenders, we will treat him well." Many soldiers advised Huan Yi to pretend to surrender and plan for the future. Huan Yi firmly disagreed; his tone was generous and resolute. After the city fell, he was killed by Han Huang at the age of fifty-three.
At that time, the rebellion had not yet been quelled, and Huan Yi's sons were scattered. A local named Ji Shi He from Xuan Cheng led a militia to give him a proper burial. After the rebellion was quelled, the court posthumously honored Huan Yi with the title of Minister of Justice and posthumously named him Jian. During the Xian'an period, he was posthumously elevated to the rank of Grand Minister. Yu Zong also died for his loyalty, and the court posthumously appointed him as the Governor of Xinggu.
Huan Yi maintained a close relationship with Guo Pu during his life and once asked Guo Pu to divine for him. After the hexagram was revealed, Guo Pu deliberately damaged it. Huan Yi asked him why, and Guo Pu said, "The hexagram is the same as my own fate. When a man finds himself in such a situation, if it is not destined, what else can he do?" The outcome unfolded exactly as Guo Pu predicted. Huan Yi had five sons: Wen, Yun, Huo, Mi, and Chong. Wen has a separate biography.
Yun, whose courtesy name was Yunzi, initially appointed as the aide to the General of Chariots and Cavalry He Chong and as a Gentleman of the Imperial Secretariat (Shangshu Lang), but he never assumed these roles. He later inherited the title of Viscount of Wanning, eventually rising to the rank of General of Establishing Martiality and Prefect of Yicheng. After his mother passed away, he resigned from his official duties to observe the mourning period at home. Following his mother's burial, the court appointed him as the Inspector of Jiangzhou, but he cited illness as a reason to reside in a small house beside his mother's grave. Despite repeated imperial edicts urging him to assume his position, he firmly declined until the mourning period concluded. He was later promoted to Commander of Military Affairs in both Siyi and Yuzhou, Leader of the Garrison of the Southern Barbarians, Prefect of Xiyang, and granted the Imperial Baton. Yun recruited soldiers and purchased horses, seeking to expand his forces, and in doing so committed many violations, leading to widespread dissatisfaction. At that time, Wen Qiao held power, and the relevant authorities dared not challenge him. In the fourth year of the Shengping era, he passed away and was posthumously granted the title of General Who Pacifies the South, with the posthumous title of Zhen (meaning 'steadfast'). His son Yun Xu inherited the title and later served as the Interior Minister of Xuancheng.
Huòzì, nicknamed Lǎngzǐ, was initially summoned to serve as an official at the Sītú Mansion and also held the title of Secretariat Gentleman, but he turned both offers down. Emperor Jiǎn Wén called him to serve as an Attendant Cavalry Officer and appointed him as a Ministry of Personnel Official, but he turned it down, claiming illness. He was later promoted to Yellow Gate Gentleman but had not yet taken office. During this period, Xiè Wàn was defeated in the Liángpú battle, cities such as Xǔchāng and Yíngchuān were lost successively, and the western border was in chaos. Wēn Qiáo appointed Huòzì to oversee military operations across the seven counties of Miǎnzhōng, appointed him as General Who Establishes Might, and Governor of Xīnyè and Yìchéng two counties, to campaign against Mùróng Qūchén, achieving a significant victory, and was later promoted to Right General. Wēn Qiáo later recalled him to the court and appointed Huòzì to oversee military affairs in the three provinces of Jīngyángyōng, concurrently serving as Protector of the Southern Barbarians, Inspector of Jīngzhōu, and granted him a temporary command, with the position of General unchanged. At that time, the Inspector of Liángzhōu, Sīmǎ Xūn, led a rebellion in the Liángyì area, and Huòzì dispatched his staff officer Huán Pí to deal with him. The Inspector of Nányáng, Zhào Hóng, Zhào Yì, and others drove away Governor Huán Dàn, seized Wǎnchéng in rebellion, and Huòzì, along with Governor Luó Chóng of Jìnglíng, managed to pacify them. He also pursued the fake Colonel of Southern Zhōng, Zhào Pán, to Wǎnchéng, where Zhào Pán fled to Lǔyáng, and Huòzì caught up with him, arrested him, escorted him to the capital, and exiled him to guard the border before he returned. He also oversaw military affairs in the Níngyì area. After Wēn Qiáo passed away, Huòzì was promoted to General Who Conquers the West and oversaw military affairs in Jiāoguǎng as well as the previous five provinces. Fú Jiān led troops to attack Shǔ territory, and the court dispatched the Prefect of Jiānghé, Zhú Yáo, to confront him. As a result, the Prefect of Guǎnghàn, Zhào Cháng, and several others were killed in battle, and Zhú Yáo had no option but to pull back with his troops.
After a while, Fu Jian launched another attack on Liangzhou. Fu Jian's younger brother, Fu Chong, sent General Zhu Xu and Shi Xiu, the son of Huan Huo, who was then the governor of Jingzhou, to report to Huan Huo along the river. Huan Huo also sent Huai Hu Huan Pi to assist Zhu Xu and others in their operations along the Min River and Han River basins, to provide support for Liangzhou.
Not long after, Zhang Tianxi surrendered to the enemy. The court sent Wang Xun, a court official, to see Huan Huo and discuss the situation on the border. Huan Huo reported to the court, suggesting that the Governor of Liangzhou, Mao Xianzu, be responsible for the military affairs north of the Min River, and that the Governor of Yanzhou, Zhu Xu, be appointed as the General of the South Army, responsible for the military affairs in the middle of the Min River, stationed in Xiangyang, in order to stabilize the northern border.
During the Taiyuan period, Shi Le was appointed Grand General of the West and granted a fief. However, he immediately submitted a letter firmly declining, saying, "I've heard that the brilliance of the Three Stars enhances the shine of the North Star; assisting the emperor in governing the country can make the royal path flourish. I should strive to follow the sages, wholeheartedly assist the emperor, use simple methods to educate the people, and promote righteousness in the court. Therefore, talented individuals should be promoted to contribute to the country, and not let their talents go to waste. This will make the country prosperous and the merits will last for generations. However, my abilities are limited, and I cannot bear such an important position. I cannot promote the emperor's grace, assist in governing the country, or contribute to national unity at the local level. I have no achievements, and I am truly unworthy. Therefore, I risk offending the emperor and humbly ask the emperor to reconsider my appointment. If the emperor can revoke the appointment, I will be extremely grateful." The emperor ultimately refused his request.
Later, Fu Jian captured Chouchi, and Shi Le was appointed as the acting Wei Xing Prefect of Xinye, appointed by Ji Yi, overseeing military affairs in five counties of Liangzhou, where he was stationed. After Fu Jian captured Fucheng, the Governor of Liangzhou, Yang Liang, and the Governor of Yizhou, Zhou Zhongsun, both fled with their armies. Because of his lackluster combat skills and repeated defeats, Shi Le wrote a letter of apology and firmly declined the position of Kaifu, which he ultimately declined. Shortly afterwards, he passed away at the age of fifty-eight. The court posthumously honored him with the title of Minister of Works, maintaining his official rank, and bestowed upon him the posthumous title of Jing. The court also granted him fifty thousand coins and five hundred bolts of cloth, and sent envoys to escort his funeral. Although he was not as renowned as Shi Cong, Shi Le was a person of great character and capability, but he was unable to achieve great success when faced with strong enemies.
At first, Shi Le heard a rumor circulating in Fu Jian's realm: "Who said that you are a hard stone that can be broken?" Fu Jian had twenty sons, all named with the character "Shi" in reaction to this rumor. Among them, Shi Qian, Shi Xiu, Shi Min, Shi Sheng, and Shi Kang were more well-known. Shi Qian, also known as Zhen'e, was known for his skill and agility, and he was quite formidable! When he was with his father in Jingzhou, there was a hunting trip where a fierce beast had been shot several times but was still alive. The generals, aware of Shi Qian's bravery, jokingly challenged him to pull out the arrows. Without hesitation, Shi Qian rushed forward to pull out the arrows. The beast suddenly leaped up, and Shi Qian jumped even higher, causing the beast to cower, and only then did Shi Qian return after pulling out another arrow. Pretty impressive, right?
Later, Shi Qian followed Huan Chong to Guanzhong, only to find themselves surrounded by Fu Jian's army. In a critical situation, things looked dire. Shi Qian immediately rode into the enemy's ranks, rescuing Huan Chong from the encirclement of thousands, and no one dared to stop him. All the soldiers admired him greatly, and the enemy was frightened by his bravery. At that time, when someone fell seriously ill, just saying "Huan Shi Qian is here" would scare the patient well, demonstrating just how fearsome he had become.
Initially, when Yuan Zhen rebelled in Shouyang, Shi Qian was appointed as Ningyuan General and Nandun Prefect, leading the army to attack. He quickly captured Yuan Zhen's southern stronghold. He also fought against Fu Jian's general Wang Jian at Shiqiao, capturing five hundred war horses. Later, he was appointed as Jingling Prefect, but he resigned from his post following his father's death. Not long after, Fu Jian attacked Huainan once again, and the court declared: "Shi Qian is skilled in both civil and military matters, and is capable in leading troops in battle. Even in times of great sorrow, the ancients would not retreat in the face of war. Moreover, you are only declining because of your father's death; how can you refuse? You are now appointed as General of Fenwei and Prefect of Nanping!" Shortly after, he was promoted once more, attaining the rank of Champion General.
Liang Cheng, the Governor of Jingzhou under Fu Jian, and Yan Zhen, the Prefect of Xiangyang, led troops to attack Jingling, who resisted the attack led by Shi Qian and his brother Shi Min. The enemy occupied the Ao River and camped in Guancheng. Shi Qian devised a plan to stealthily cross the Ao River at night, and by the time the enemy realized, he had already launched his attack. After a fierce battle, Shi Qian emerged victorious, capturing Guancheng, capturing Yan Zhen, killing more than 7,000 and capturing 10,000, along with hundreds of horses, more than a thousand cattle and sheep, and three hundred sets of armor. Liang Cheng escaped back to Xiangyang with a handful of cavalry. Later, Shi Qian was appointed as the Governor of Hedong, stationed in Fancheng, defeated Zhang Chong, the Governor of Yanzhou under Fu Jian, and surrendered two thousand households before returning.
After Huan Chong passed away, Shi Qian was appointed as the Champion General, responsible for overseeing the military affairs of five counties in Yuzhou and Yangzhou, and also served as the Governor of Yuzhou. After the passing of his mother, he resigned from his position. Once his mourning period was over, he returned to his previous post. After some time, the court requested him to guard Matou, but Shi Qian requested to stay in Liyang, and the court agreed.
In the year 388 AD, he passed away, and the court posthumously granted him the title of Right General. In recognition of his past achievements in pacifying Yan Zhen, he was also posthumously granted the title of Tang Hou. His fifth son, Dan, succeeded to the title. Dan's older brother, Hong, held the position of Prefect of Xiangcheng. Hong's younger brother was called Zhen.
Zhen, whose courtesy name was Daoquan. When he was young, he was very courageous and impulsive, but he was somewhat unreliable. When his brother Xuan served as the Inspector of Jingzhou, he promoted Zhen to General of Yangwu and Administrator of Huainan. Later, he was promoted to Magistrate of Jiangxia, but was dismissed for his brutality and cruelty. After his brother Xuan was defeated, Huan Qian took refuge in the Ju River, while Zhen escaped to the Yong River in Huarong. His brother had previously stationed General Wang Zhihui in Baling, and Wang Zhihui sent a messenger to inform Zhen: "Huan Qin has captured the capital, Feng Zhi and others have pacified Xunyang, and Liu Yi's army has been completely destroyed on the way!" Zhen was ecstatic upon hearing this!
At that time, Emperor An was in Jiangling, and Zhen rallied a few dozen followers, intending to attack Jiangling. By the time they reached the city, their group had grown to two hundred people. Huan Qian also emerged with his troops, and together they captured Jiangling, welcoming the Emperor out of the palace. When Zhen heard that Huan Sheng had died, he was furious and wanted to cause chaos for the Emperor, but Huan Qian had to work hard to persuade him. They then had the court officials submit a memorial, stating that the rule of Chu was nearing its end, and the people were looking forward to the revival of the Jin Dynasty. They then handed over the Emperor's seal and jade belt to Prince Langye, appointing him as the Inspector of Xuzhou, while Zhen was appointed as General of Eight Provinces, General Who Guards the West, and Inspector of Jingzhou.
Those who served the Emperor were all Zhen's confidants. Later, the Emperor lamented, "If you had listened to me earlier, we wouldn't be in this situation today! If you had followed me back then, with me as the vanguard, the world would have been pacified long ago! Now I am the only one left to do it, what can I possibly hope for!" From then on, Zhen succumbed to a life of debauchery, becoming tyrannical and ruthless, and indiscriminately slaughtering the innocent.
First, they set up camp in Jiangjin. Lu Zongzhi, the Prefect of Nanyang, set out from Xiangyang, defeated Zhen's general, Wen Kai, in Zaxi, and then stationed his troops in Jinan. Zhen heard that Wen Kai was defeated, so he left Feng Gai to guard the camp and led the army to battle Lu Zongzhi himself. Zhen was incredibly brave and undefeated, while Lu Zongzhi faced defeat. Zhen pursued the fleeing soldiers and encountered Lu Zongzhi alone on the road, but did not recognize him, so he asked, "Where is Lu Zongzhi?" Lu Zongzhi lied to him, saying, "I ran away long ago." So Lu Zongzhi retreated quietly. Not long after, Liu Yi and his allies defeated Feng Gai and secured Jiangling. Zhen heard that Feng Gai was defeated and the army dispersed and fled. Later, he and Feng Gai's son, Feng Hong, emerged from Yuncheng and attacked Jiangling again. Sima Xiuzhi, the Inspector of Jingzhou, fled to Xiangyang, and Zhen proclaimed himself as the Inspector of Jingzhou. General Jianwei Liu Huaisu led General Ningyuan Suo Miao to engage Zhen in battle at Shaqiao. Despite Zhen's small army, his soldiers fought valiantly. Each time they clashed, Zhen attacked fiercely, his eyes wide with intensity, and no one could withstand him. However, Zhen was drunk at the time and was struck by a stray arrow. General Guangwu, Tang Xing, killed him on the battlefield.
Shi Xiu had a stellar reputation from a young age, graceful and erudite, especially skilled in "Laozi" and "Zhuangzi." He often stayed alone in his room, rarely interacting with others, and people at the time compared him to Yu Chun. He was highly regarded by Emperor Jianwen, who appointed him to a position in Jingzhou, wanting him to be the General of Yingyang and the Prefect of Jingling, but he was not interested in those positions. Later, he replaced his uncle Shi Chong as General Ningyuan, Inspector of Jiangzhou, Commander of the Town Barbarians, and Prefect of Xiyang, residing in Xunyang. His character was unrestrained, often hunting and fishing in lakes and swamps, never placing any importance on his official rank. He was an expert archer, whose aim was always true. He once went hunting with his uncle Shi Chong, climbed Mount Jiu Jing, with a throng of followers and spectators crowding the hillside, but Shi Xiu paid them no mind, just whistling and reciting poems. Days later, Xie An shared this with his cousin Xie Si, and Xie Si went to ask Shi Xiu, who replied, "Mr. Xie An knows all these worldly matters very well; what else is there for me to say!" He served as an official in the province for five years, resigning due to illness. He passed away at home at the age of forty-three, mourned by the entire court and the public. The court posthumously conferred upon him the title of General, which was later elevated to Grand Minister. His son Shi Zhiyu inherited his title. After Xuan Zhi usurped the throne, due to the good reputation of the Shi Xiu family, Shi Zhiyu was appointed as the Prince of Linyuan. Shi Min, who became famous at a young age, was recruited by General Xie An of Wei to serve as his staff officer. His uncle Shi Chong petitioned the court, and Shi Chong was appointed as the Vigorous General in charge of military affairs in ten counties of Jingzhou, Jiangzhou, and Yuzhou, while concurrently holding the title of Prefect of Xiangcheng, stationed at Xiakou, and together with Shi Qian, launched an offensive against Liang Cheng, the Inspector of Jiangzhou, and others loyal to Fu Jian at Jingling.
In the second year, he once again defeated Fu Jian's generals Murong Chui, Jiang Cheng, and others at Zhangkou with the county magistrate Xiahou Cheng. Later, he served as the Governor of Qiaoguo and the prefect of Liangjun. After the death of Shi Chong, the court issued an edict appointing Shi Min as his successor, serving as the supervisor of military affairs in Jingzhou, the Left General, and the Governor of Jingzhou. The Huan clan had long controlled Jingzhou, and Shi Min, with his talent and reputation, was deeply respected by the people.
Initially, Shi Chong sent the Prefect of Jingling, Zhao Tong, to attack Xiangyang. At this time, Shi Min sent reinforcements to support him. Shortly afterwards, Fu Jian was defeated at Huaifei, and Shi Min sent the Prefect of Nanyang, Gao Mao, to defend the royal tombs. Despite Fu Jian's defeat, Murong Chui and his allies regained power. Shi Min sent General Yan Qian to attack Hongnong, and the enemy General of the Guards of the East, Murong Kui, surrendered to Yan Qian. Thus, Shi Min established two military strongholds in Huzhou and Shanzhou. He also captured musicians from Guanzhong to bolster the court's music department. At that time, Fu Jian's son, Fu Pi, proclaimed himself emperor in Hebei and planned to attack Luoyang. Shi Min sent General Feng Gai to attack him, and on the battlefield, Fu Pi, along with his Left Supervisor Wang Fu and Minister of Personnel Gou Cao, were killed, and their heads were sent to the capital. However, the Dingling chieftain Zhai Liao invaded the royal tombs again, and Shi Min sent the Prefect of Henan, Feng Zun, to attack him. At that time, the Qihuo army leader Huang Huai claimed the title of Inspector of Bingzhou and, together with Zhai Liao, attacked Changshe with a force of several thousand. Shi Min sent the Prefect of Nanping, Guo Quan, and the Prefect of Songzi, Wang Xiazhi, to attack Huang Huai, killing him, and Zhai Liao fled to Hebei. Due to these military achievements, Shi Min was promoted to Left General. Finally, Shi Min died, leaving no sons.
Shi Sheng, during the Long'an period, was promoted from the Left Chief Historian to the Imperial Attendant, and later served as the Chief Historian of the Cavalry and the Chief Historian of the Grand Tutor. At that time, Yuan Xian, the Crown Prince of Kuaiji, was preparing to attack Huan Xuan. Shi Sheng sent a messenger to report the situation to Huan Xuan, who expressed deep gratitude. After Huan Xuan came into power, he appointed Shi Sheng as the General of the Front and the Inspector of Jiangzhou. Shortly after, Shi Sheng passed away while in office.
Shi Sui served as the Left Chief Historian during Yuan Xian's tenure. After Huan Xuan came into power, he was appointed as a Court Gentleman and the General of the Left Guard. After Huan Xuan's failure, Shi Sui fled to Jiangxi, gathered troops to attack Liyang, and was later killed by the Inspector of Liangzhou, Fu Xin.
Shi Kang was highly appreciated by Huan Xuan. At that time, Huan Xuan was the Inspector of Jingzhou and appointed him as the General Who Inspires Might. He gradually rose in ranks and became the Inspector of Jingzhou. Due to his achievements in the battle against Yu Ze, he was also appointed as the Prince of Wuling, all of which are recorded in Huan Xuan's biography.
Mu Zi, whose courtesy name was Mi, was talented from a young age, set apart from his peers. Initially appointed as a Gentleman of the Palace Secretariat, his brother Wen Qiao suppressed him, preventing him from showcasing his talents. After a long time, he was promoted to the General Who Assists the State and the Interior Minister of Xuancheng. At that time, the Inspector of Liangzhou, Sima Xun, rebelled and fled to Shu. Mu Zi supervised the military affairs of Liangzhou and Yizhou in his original capacity and was granted the power of command. After Sima Xun's rebellion was suppressed, Mu Zi returned to Xuancheng. Later, he became the Attendant Cavalry Commandant and was then transferred to the Central Army. When Emperor Xiaowu just ascended the throne, a demon named Lu Song broke into the palace. Mu Zi and the General of the Left Guard, Yin Kang, rushed in and captured him. After Mu Zi's brother Wen Qiao entered the court, he thoroughly investigated the Lu Song incident, arrested officials such as the Minister of Personnel Lu Shi, and many people were implicated. Mu Zi was subsequently dismissed from his post, returned to his hometown of Wanling, and felt a deep sense of grievance.
When Wen Qiao was seriously ill, Mu Zi and his sons Wen Xi and Wen Ji conspired to depose the emperor, Sima Chong. Sima Chong secretly found out about this and was so scared that he did not dare to enter the palace. As soon as Wen Qiao passed away, Mu Zi sent men to apprehend Wen Xi and Wen Ji before attending his brother's funeral. Mu Zi was completely suppressed because of this incident, so he stayed near his brother's grave and lived a reclusive life, enjoying wandering through the mountains and rivers. Later, he was reinstated and appointed as both a Cavalry Attendant and a General of the Guards, but he requested to resign three times. The emperor issued a decree saying, "Mu Zi, you have been favored by the previous dynasty, which is why I have valued you. However, you have repeatedly requested to resign, expressing your sincerity in returning to a reclusive life, and your health is not good. I am deeply moved by this. Alright, I will grant your wish." Mu Zi originally held Sima Chong in disdain, who was in power at the time. Mu Zi felt that the role of Cavalry Attendant was beneath him, so he did not accept the court's appointment, wrote a letter to Xie An, and attached ten poems, with ornate language and sufficient reasons, many of which referenced Emperor Jianwen's praise of him. After Sima Chong's death, Mu Zi's eldest son, Mu Wei, was appointed as both a Cavalry Attendant and a General of the Guards. Later, Huan Xuan usurped the throne and granted the title of Prince of Liling to Mu Wei.
Wen Chong, the youngest son of the Wen family, was much more intelligent than his older brothers from a young age, and he had exceptional courage and military skill, whom Wen Qiao greatly valued. When he came of age, the Grand Preceptor and the Wuling King sought to appoint him to an official position, but he refused. Later, he was appointed as General Yingyang, Guardian of the Frontier, and Prefect of Xiyang. He fought alongside Wen Qiao and earned numerous accolades, and was promoted to oversee military affairs in seven counties, including Nanyang, Xiangyang, Xinye, Yiyang, Shunyang, Jingzhao in Yongzhou, and Yicheng in Yangzhou, holding the title of General Ning Shuo, while concurrently serving as Prefect of both Yicheng and Xinye, stationed in Xiangyang. He also played a key role in Wen Qiao's victory over Yao Xiang. After they captured Zhou Cheng, he was promoted to General Conquering the Barbarians and bestowed the title of Duke of Fengcheng. Not long after, he was promoted to General of Zhenwei and Inspector of Jiangzhou, while also serving as Guardian of the Frontier, Prefect of Xiyang, and Prefect of Qiao. During Wen Qiao's defeat of Yao Xiang, Yao Xiang's generals Zhang Jun and Yang Ning were captured and relocated to Xunyang. Chong was in Jiangling at the time and had not yet arrived for the battle, which led Zhang Jun to lead five hundred men to kill Zhao Pi, the Inspector of Jiangzhou, raid the treasury of Wuchang, and prepare to escape to the north with his family. Chong promptly dispatched troops to pursue and capture them, and then swiftly returned to his own post.
At the beginning, after Wen Qiao passed away, Chong and his brothers were still young, the family was very poor, and their mother fell ill and needed to use sheep for treatment. However, the family could not afford to buy them, so Wen Qiao used Chong as collateral. The family that sold the sheep was very wealthy and said they didn’t want to take Chong as collateral. Instead, they were willing to adopt Chong as their foster son and gave him the nickname "Mai De." When Chong was appointed Inspector of Jiangzhou, he went out hunting one day, and the family that had sold the sheep saw him in their courtyard. Chong recognized them and said, "I am Mai De!" and he generously repaid them. Shortly thereafter, Chong was appointed military commander of six counties across Jiangzhou, Jingzhou, and Yuzhou, and was appointed General of the South Central Army, being granted a ceremonial token. He spent thirteen years in Jiangzhou, and when Wen Qiao passed away, Emperor Xiaowu appointed Chong as General of the Central Army, the commander of the military in both Yangzhou and Yuzhou, as well as the Inspectors of both Yangzhou and Yuzhou, also granting him a ceremonial token. The court had issued rewards of money, cloth, lacquer, and wax for Wen Qiao's funeral, but there was no time for a proper funeral. Chong wrote to the court stating that Wen Qiao had always been frugal and had enough personal items at home to handle the funeral, requesting that the rewards be returned to the court's treasury. The Emperor did not agree, but Chong insisted on not accepting them. When Wen Qiao was in power, he made decisions on death penalties himself. After Chong took over, he wrote to the court stating that the power of life and death was a matter of national importance and has always been treated with great caution. All death penalty cases must be reported to the court for approval before execution. Chong, after taking over Wen Qiao's position, remained loyal to the royal family. Some urged Chong to execute influential figures and seize control, but Chong refused to heed their advice.
At that time, Xie An was a highly respected minister in the court, and everyone supported him. However, Xie An felt too much pressure and resigned from his position as the Governor of Yangzhou in the third year of the Ningkang era, actively requesting to be reassigned. Members of the Huan clan, who were close to him, felt that his decision was misguided and urgently urged him not to go through with it. Xi Chao also strongly advised against it. But Xie An did not listen at all. He remained calm and not angry, considering those loyal suggestions and sound strategies seriously. As a result, the court appointed him as the military commander of six counties across five provinces: Xuzhou, Yanzhou, Yuzhou, Qingzhou, and Yangzhou, with the title of General of Chariots and Cavalry, Governor of Xuzhou, as well as concurrently serving as General of the North Central Army and Central Army, stationed at Jingkou with the authority to command. The court also issued an edict, appointing Xie An and Xie Shi as imperial attendants, allowing them to bring fifty guards into the palace. At that time, because of Wang Yun's close ties to Xie An's father-in-law, Wang Yun was highly regarded by Xie An. Xie An intended to promote Wang Yun to a local leadership position, so he transferred Xie Shi from Xuzhou, permitting him to serve solely as General of Chariots and Cavalry, commanding the military of six counties in Yuzhou and Jiangzhou, and transferred him from Jingkou to Gushu for duty. When Fu Jian led his troops to attack Liangzhou, Xie Shi sent the Interior Minister of Xuancheng, Zhu Xu, and the Governor of Yuzhou, Huan Yi, to lead troops to Shouyang. The Prefect of Huainan, Liu Bo, took a boat up the Huai River and the Si River and launched an attack when the enemy was unprepared to alleviate the crisis in Liangzhou. He then reported to the court:
"The Di tribe rebels have been attacking from Bingzhou all the way to Donghu; their army is vast, while Shu Han and Xiliang are weak and defenseless. This is truly ruthless, and they will soon be destroyed. However, heaven has not completely eradicated them, and they repeatedly pose a threat to the state. I have heard that the best strategy is to achieve victory without engaging in battle, claiming credit only after success; this is the highest level of employing troops. Moreover, these rebels are barbaric and rude, and they will sooner or later cross the border. Northern nomadic tribes usually invade in autumn and winter, and it is already autumn now; the wind is strong. I carefully considered the defense deployment in the capital region and found that the defensive forces are redundantly stationed. The Huai River and Si River are connected, and the Yangtze River is vast like the sea. The Jingchu region is far from the enemy, while the places near the enemy, such as Fangcheng and Hanshui, lack natural defensive terrain, and the defense forces in the west are too strong.
Although I am mediocre and do not understand military strategy, since the emperor has given me such an important task, I am fully prepared to act immediately. I want to lead my army directly to march to Nanjun and discuss the battle plan with the General of the Western Campaign. If the enemy truly behaves like a mad dog, rushing headlong into our trap in the Mianhan area to seek death, then we can rely on the power of justice to achieve victory, pursue the enemy, and completely eliminate them. This way, we will not have to trouble the royal army to march multiple times, and the Sanqin region will also be safe. The late emperor's great achievements will continue to shine in this enlightened era, and the aspirations of Emperor Xuanwu will also be fulfilled in history. If the enemy fears the majesty of the emperor and secretly tries to surrender, we will first observe the enemy, wait for the opportunity to act, and then decide on the next steps, adjusting the army's advance and retreat at any time, with speed and slowness depending on the situation. I respectfully urge Your Majesty to consider my suggestions and grant my request."
The emperor replied, "Those rebellious individuals have gone against heavenly principles, acting wantonly for many years. Both Liangzhou and Yizhou have been lost, and the Hexi region has also fallen. I am constantly filled with anxiety and anger over the country's disunity. General, your thoughtful consideration, thorough planning, and genuine loyalty to the nation are all reflected in your memorial. I have not yet had the opportunity to read your memorial in detail, yet I have already been profoundly moved by your loyalty and concern for both the nation and its people. Although the enemy has taken advantage of the situation and occupied some areas, they are, after all, tyrannical and ruthless, abusing the people. Their downfall is only a matter of time! However, being prepared in advance is a wise military strategy. I will seek the opinions of other ministers and carefully consider your suggestions. I hope you can work together with the General of the West to formulate a detailed plan and report your actions to me at any time." At that moment, Zhang Tianxi was vanquished, and the war came to a halt.
Not long after, General Huo passed away. The emperor posthumously appointed him as the military governor of seven provinces: Jiangzhou, Jingzhou, Liangzhou, Yizhou, Ningzhou, Jiaozhou, and Guangzhou, as well as the Yicheng forces in Yangzhou, the Jingzhao Prefecture in Yongzhou, and the Hedong Army in Sizhou. He also appointed him as the leader of the Southern Barbarian Guard, the Governor of Jingzhou, and maintained his titles as General and Privy Councilor without change. His son was appointed as the Governor of Jiangzhou. The emperor hosted a farewell banquet in the Western Hall, bestowing upon him fifty thousand coins, three hundred and forty measures of wine, and fifty cattle to honor the soldiers. Xie An accompanied him to Lizhou.
Xie An arrived in Jiangling. At that time, Fu Jian's power was strong. Xie An wanted to shift the defense line to Jiangnan, so he wrote to the court: "Since the revival of Eastern Jin, the defense stations in Jingzhou have been adjusted according to the situation. My brother, Xie Shang, seized the opportunity after Shi Hu's death to establish control in the Central Plains. Because Jiangling is conveniently located, he stationed there. However, circumstances are always changing, and the situation is never static. Moreover, warfare relies on strategy, often requiring us to feign weakness to the enemy. Now the focus should be on Jiangnan, reducing the stationed troops in Jiangbei. To secure the area around Chanling County in the south, there’s a place called Shangming, known for its fertile land that's ideal for stationing troops. It lies over forty li north of Lexiang City from the Wu Kingdom period, bordered by the Yangtze River to the north and connecting to the Three Gorges to the west. If the enemy foolishly comes to attack, we will defend north of Yingdu without engaging them in battle, and we will set up an ambush by the river. When they are exhausted, we will attack and eliminate them, which should be straightforward. Being in the military, I will handle the situation as it unfolds." So Xie An moved his station to Shangming, sent General Liu Bo to guard Jiangling, and sent Counselor Yang Liang to guard Jiangxia. The court issued a decree stating that due to the floods and droughts in Jingzhou, and Xie An had just moved his station, everything was in the early stages, so three hundred thousand hu of grain should be transported annually to supply the military needs until the harvest year.
Old Fu Jian sent his general Fu Rong to attack Fancheng and Dengcheng, sent Shi Yue to attack Luyang, sent Yao Chang to attack Nanxiang, and sent Wei Zhong to attack Weixing. These places were all captured. I (referring to Xie Shi) sent the magistrate of Jiangxia, Liu Shi, and the General of Southern Zhonglang, Zhu Xu, to fight them, but Liu Shi was too timid to advance, and Zhu Xu was captured by the enemy. I felt deep remorse over this and wrote a letter to the emperor requesting to resign, but he did not agree. The emperor also dispatched General Zhang Xuanzhi of the Left Guard to consult with me on military matters.
Then I led the former General Liu Bo, along with my nephew, General Zhenwei Shi Min, and Champion General Shi Qian, and together they attacked Fu Jian, capturing the fortress he had built in Zhuyang. We also attacked Wudang and drove away Zhang Chong, Fu Jian's governor of Yanzhou. Fu Jian then sent Murong Chui and Mao Dang to attack Dengcheng, and sent Fu Xi and Shi Yue to attack Xinye. At that time, I was not only afraid of Fu Jian's strong military power, but also faced an epidemic, so I returned to Shangming to guard. I reported, "The area around Xiakou and Jiangmian is a crucial military stronghold, right next to a powerful enemy. My nephew Shi Min is well-suited for this position, so I want him to serve as the military commander of Jingjiang Ten Counties, concurrently serving as Zhenwu General and Prefect of Xiangcheng." "To the north of Xunyang, it borders the barbarians, and to the west, it connects Jingzhou and Yingzhou, making it another strategic position. Now that the prefectures have been divided, I want Wang Hui to be appointed as the governor of Jiangzhou." The emperor agreed to my request. At that time, Wang Hui had just lost his brother, Wang Shao, and was preparing for the funeral, so he declined the position. As a result, General Wei Xie An reassigned Zhongling General Xie You to take over as governor of Jiangzhou. I was furious when I heard this, and wrote a letter to the emperor stating that Xie You was incompetent in both civil and military matters, and requested to take the position of governor in Jiangzhou myself, and the emperor agreed.
I dispatched Shi Qian to confront Yan Zhen, the Prefect of Xiangyang appointed by Fu Jian. We captured him, as well as twenty-nine other generals, and sent them to the capital. The Emperor rewarded me for pacifying Yan Zhen by granting me their capture. My second son was granted the title of Marquis of Yiyang. Fu Jian appointed Hao Gui to guard Xiangyang, while I sent General Yangwei Zhu Chuo to launch an assault against him. As a result, we set fire to the fields and rice north of the Mian River, uprooted more than six hundred households before returning. I then sent Guo Bao, the Prefect of Shangyong, to confront Fu Jian's Wei Xing Prefect, Chu Yuan, and Duan Fang, the Prefect of Shangyong—both surrendered. Qu Chang, the Prefect of Xincheng, fled, leading to the pacification of all three prefectures. The Emperor rewarded me with one million coins and one thousand pieces of brocade.
Initially, Wang Chong was stationed at Xizhen because of the formidable enemy forces, so he was transferred to Shangming. He perceived the military strength in Jiangdong as weak and thus chose to fortify the border for self-protection. He recognized the distinct responsibilities of generals and court officials, feeling that he lacked the respect afforded to Xie An, so he relinquished the position of court official to Xie An and assumed the responsibility of guarding the four corners himself. He maintained a close relationship with Zhu Xu. Shortly after, Zhu Xu died in battle, leading Wang Chong to feel profound guilt and regret.
Later, Fu Jian led a large army to invade the Central Plain. Wang Chong felt that the country's fundamental interests were under threat, so he sent three thousand elite soldiers to reinforce the capital. Xie An doubted that three thousand troops would make much of a difference, and to project calm to the outside world, upon hearing that the army was approaching, he resolutely refused to accept them. Xie An replied, "The court's deployment has been decided, the military supplies are sufficient, and the defense of the western front relies on you." In fact, Xie An had already dispatched his nephew Xie Xuan and Huan Yi to lead an expedition. Wang Chong believed that these young generals lacked experience and would have difficulty turning the tide of the battle, so he summoned his advisors and sighed, "Xie An is truly talented in court matters, but he lacks military expertise. Now that a strong enemy is approaching, he is still leisurely chatting and laughing. Even if he sends inexperienced young people with few troops, the outcome is predictable. I am afraid of failure!" Not long after, news came that Fu Jian had been defeated in battle, and the court achieved a great victory. Wang Chong also learned that Zhu Xu had managed to escape as a result. Wang Chong was already suffering from illness, and overcome with shame, his condition worsened, and he died at fifty-seven. The court posthumously granted him the title of Grand Commandant, retained his original position, and posthumously honored him with the title of Xuanmu. The court provided five hundred thousand coins for funeral expenses, along with five hundred pieces of cloth.
Wang Chong was frugal and modest, valuing talent. Once, after he had finished bathing, his wife gave him new clothes. Wang Chong was furious and told her to take them away. His wife brought the clothes back and said, "If you don't wear new clothes, how can you have old ones?" Wang Chong smiled and put them on. He hired the scholar Liu Linzhi from Nanyang as his chief historian. Liu Linzhi refused to take office, so Wang Chong personally went to meet him and treated him with great respect. He also hired the scholar Deng Can from Changsha as his assistant, with great courtesy. Deng Can was moved by Wang Chong's spirit of cherishing talent and accepted the appointment. When Xi Jian, Yu Liang, and Yu Yi were on their deathbeds, they all recommended their own relatives in their memorials. Only Wang Chong wrote to Xie An, saying, "My nephew Miaoling and Lingbao are still young, and the responsibility entrusted to me by my brother has not been fulfilled, which makes me very regretful!" His letter, which omitted any mention of personal matters, garnered him even more praise.
After Wang Chong's death, his coffin was transported to Jiangling, where people of all ages and backgrounds gathered to bid him farewell, their cries echoing with grief. Later, after Xie Xuan seized power, Wang Chong was posthumously honored with the title of Grand Tutor and Prince of Xuan City. Wang Chong had seven sons: Si, Qian, Xiu, Chong, Hong, Xian, and Yi. His ancestor's name was Huan Si, with the courtesy name Gongzu. He had a good reputation from a young age and was considered one of the most outstanding among the Huan family's descendants, along with Shi Xiu. Later, Huan Chong took over guarding the western border from Shi Xiu, and the court ordered Huan Si to serve as the military commander of three counties in Jingzhou and four counties in Yuzhou, holding the titles of General Jianwei and Inspector of Jiangzhou. He lived a simple life as an official, using thatch for his roof and giving the wooden boards to the boatmen. He was later promoted to Prefect of both Xiyang County and Xiangcheng County, where he was stationed at Xiakou. Finally, he served as Prefect of Jiangxia and died in office. He was posthumously honored with the title of General of Southern Zhonglang, and his posthumous title was Jing, which signifies his peaceful and virtuous character. His son was named Huan Yin.
Huan Yin, with the courtesy name Maoyuan, was known for his integrity from a young age. Despite his wealthy background, he was renowned for his quiet and simple lifestyle. He was initially appointed as the Secretariat Deputy and later promoted step by step to Gentleman of the Central Secretariat and the Supervisor of the Secretariat. Huan Xuan valued him greatly and promoted him to Prefect of the Central Secretariat. After Huan Xuan usurped the throne, Huan Yin served as the Minister of Personnel and fled west with Huan Xuan. After Huan Xuan's death, Huan Yin surrendered to the court. The court issued a decree saying, "If a person performs good deeds, their descendants will thrive, and their achievements will be passed down through generations. Xuan Meng's loyalty brought rewards to his descendants from the Jin State; Ziwen's virtue enabled his descendants to endure. Therefore, General Huan Chong, who had previously served in Shaanxi, was loyal to the royal family. Several of his sons committed major crimes, which led to their downfall. Considering Huan Chong's past achievements, I am deeply saddened. His grandson Huan Yin should be shown mercy and forgiveness to reward the doers of good. Pardon his capital crime and relocate him to Xin'an." Later, Yin Zhongwen, the Prefect of Eastern Yangzhou, and Luo Qiu, the Prefect of Yongjia, conspired to rebel, secretly planning to make Huan Yin the heir of Huan Xuan. When the plot was exposed, Huan Yin was executed. Huan Qian, with the courtesy name Jingzu, was upright, talented, and renowned. Initially, due to his father's achievements, he was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Yiyang County and later promoted to Assistant General and the Interior Minister of Wu. During Sun En's rebellion, Huan Qian fled to Wuxi. The court summoned him to be a Minister, and the General of the Agile Cavalry, Yuan Xian, appointed him as a military advisor, later promoting him to Sima. In the early years of Yuanxing, the court planned to launch a campaign against Huan Xuan. Since the Huan family had been officials in Shaanxi for generations, and Huan Qian's father Huan Chong had also shown favor to the Jingchu region, the court was concerned that the people of Jingchu could side with Huan Xuan. Therefore, Huan Qian was appointed as the Commissioned General, Commander of the Four Provinces of Jingyi, Ning, and Liang, Western General, Governor of Jingzhou, and Acting Commissioner to stabilize the Jingchu region.
After Xuan (Sima Xiuzhi) came to power, he promoted Qian (Xie Hun) to the position of Left Deputy of the Imperial Secretariat, in charge of the Ministry of Personnel, and was also made General of the Central Army. Several of Xie Hun's brothers also held high positions, and Sima Xiuzhi relied on him heavily, but secretly had little trust in him. Later, Xie Hun was appointed as the Marquis of Ningdu, made Prefect of the Imperial Secretariat, and also appointed as a Cavalry Attendant. He was later promoted to Palace Attendant, Guard General, Director of the Palace, and Recorder of the Imperial Secretariat. After Sima Xiuzhi usurped the throne, Xie Hun continued to serve as the Governor of Yangzhou, with his position unchanged, and was also granted the title of Prince of Xin'an.
During the rebellion of Huan Zhen, Xie Hun protected the emperor's chariot and performed many brave acts. However, he was somewhat indecisive and lacked initiative, unable to achieve great things. Initially, Xie Hun advised Huan Zhen to lead the troops into battle while he stayed in Jiangling. Huan Zhen dismissed Xie Hun's advice and ignored him. After Huan Zhen's failure, Xie Hun fled to Yao Xing. Previously, Qiao Zong had declared himself a vassal under Yao Xing, and Qiao Zong and Lu Xun secretly conspired, so Qiao Zong recommended Xie Hun to Yao Xing, hoping they could work together. Yao Xing asked for Xie Hun's opinion, and Xie Hun said, "My family has received the grace of the Jingchu region for generations. Although my younger brother, Sima Xiuzhi, seized the throne, he was also forced by circumstances. The truth is evident. Now, if Qiao Zong and I go east together, the people will surely panic." Yao Xing said, "A small stream can't hold a big boat. If Qiao Zong has enough ability to succeed, he doesn't need your help. You’d better look out for yourself!" So he sent Xie Hun away.
When Xie Hun arrived in Shu, he wanted to humbly recruit talents, but Qiao Zong suspected him and imprisoned him in Longge, with guards watching over him. Xie Hun cried to his brothers, "Yao Xing's words were so accurate!" Later, Qiao Zong went south with Qiao Daofu, while Xie Hun recruited troops on the way. People were touched by his previous kindness, and over twenty thousand people rallied to his side. Eventually, Liu Daogui defeated Xie Hun and had him executed.
Xiu inherited his family's title. He was the son of Princess Wuchang, the daughter of Emperor Jianwen. He started as a minor official in the Ministry of Personnel and gradually rose to the rank of General of the Left Guard. Wang Gong planned to attack Sima Shang, the King of Qiao, and first sent He Danzhi and Sun Wuzhong to Jurong. Xiu served as both General of the Left Guard and General of Zhenwu, working alongside General Tao Wuji to resist them. When Xiu arrived in Jurong, Wang Gong was quickly defeated, and Sun Wuzhong sent a messenger to request surrender. Xiu then withdrew his troops, but by then, Yang Quanqi had already reached Shitoucheng. The court was caught off guard and was in a state of panic both internally and externally. Xiu proposed, "When Yin Hao and Huan Wen were in power, they relied heavily on Wang Gong. Now that Wang Gong has been defeated, everyone is terrified. If the court issues a decree to promote Liu Yu, he will surely be pleased, which will help control Sima Zhongkan and Yang Quanqi, ensuring their obedience to the court." The court accepted his suggestion. He was appointed General of Longxiang, Inspector of Jingzhou, and granted temporary authority over the military and civilian affairs of the Left Guard. Liu Laozhi was dispatched with a thousand soldiers to escort him. Simultaneously, Sima Zhongkan was reassigned to Guangzhou.
Xiu had not yet departed, but Liu Yu and others formed an alliance in Xunyang, requesting the execution of Liu Laozhi. Sima Shangzhi also wrote a memorial asserting that Sima Zhongkan was innocent and merely demoted. Therefore, the court issued a decree permitting Sima Zhongkan's return to Jingzhou. Censor-in-Chief Jiang Ji reported that Xiu endorsed Yang Quanqi's views, secretly passed on messages, spread incomplete information for his own gain, suspected that he misled the court's decision, and requested that he be handed over to the Court of Judicial Inquiry for trial. The court issued a special decree to remove him from office. Shortly afterwards, he was appointed as the Central Protector General in place of Wang Ningzhi. After some time, Liu Yu defeated Sima Zhongkan and Yang Quanqi, and the court appointed Xiu as General Who Subdues the Rebels and Inspector of Jiangzhou in the Two Provinces. Soon after, he was reinstated as the Central Protector General. After Liu Yu took office, Xiu was appointed as the Commander of the Six Provinces, Right General, Inspector of Xuyan in the Two Provinces, and Acting General. Shortly afterwards, he was promoted to General Who Calms the Army and appointed as a Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary. After Liu Yu usurped the throne, Xiu was appointed as Grand General Who Calms the Army and granted the title of Prince of Ancheng. Later, Liu Yu rebelled and killed Xiu.
Xu Ning was from Tan County, Shandong Province. He gained some fame at a young age and became the magistrate of Yuxian County. At that time, the Court of Judicial Inquiry Huan Yi was known for his ability to assess people accurately and have keen insight. Huan Yi resigned for personal reasons and went to visit old friends in Guangling. On his return journey, he encountered a fierce wind that forced his boat to remain by the river for several days, leaving him feeling frustrated. Later, he went ashore and saw a house that looked like an official office, so he went to check it out and found out it was the Yuxian yamen. Huan Yi then visited Xu Ning. Xu Ning was upright, magnanimous, and well-educated. The two formed an immediate bond and were very happy. Huan Yi stayed for a few days and greatly admired Xu Ning. After befriending him, Huan Yi left. When he arrived in the capital, Huan Yi informed Yu Liang, "I have identified an exceptional official for you in the Ministry of Personnel." This account is documented in the "Biography of Huan Yi." Later, Xu Ning was indeed promoted to the Ministry of Personnel, Left General, and Inspector of Jiangzhou, and ultimately passed away while in office.
The historical commentary says: evil influences spread insidiously, orthodox thoughts gradually decline, morality is placed in the hands of individual character, loyalty and righteousness are reflected in social education. Like Jie Zitui, who secluded himself on Shouyang Mountain, pursued ren and yi, and ultimately achieved it; like Confucius' disciple Yan Hui, who heard his teacher's teachings in the morning and passed away in the evening. Yuan Zhen gave up his title to avoid war, admirable; Ji Lu cut off his hairband to show his loyalty, admirable. Especially encountering frost and snow in old age, facing wind and rain in the morning, beautiful voices may change their tone, steadfast trees may struggle to maintain their essence. Huan Yi possessed a calm and upright temperament, harbored unwavering integrity, surpassed the nobility of the Zhou and Yu families, and followed the lofty aspirations of Xu Yun and Guo Pu. He feared living in disgrace during times of danger, knew that facing death calmly was easy, his name has been celebrated for a thousand years, his bones lay buried underground. Isn't that what true courage looks like for the benevolent? As for those who rise and fall repeatedly in the court, slithering through the mountains and marshes like dragons and snakes, cautious and careful within the court, boldly advancing in their careers, showing strength on the northern border, handling affairs in the western region, with merits of defending cities against external threats and no suspicion of corruption internally, it is also difficult to find such a virtuous minister. However, Wen Qiao eventually failed due to excessive power, Yu Liang ultimately failed due to underestimating the enemy, so the virtues of Jing Zhong could not prevent the Rebellion of Dantai, and the loyalty of Xu Ning and Yu She could not avert the disaster of the chess match. It is truly sad that Ziwens did not receive any sacrifices!
Praise:
Proclaiming Xuan City with pride, unwavering in loyalty.
Body following the morning dew, name rising like clouds.
Devoted to the heavy world, both noble and beautiful.
The country relies on loyal ministers, the family promotes talented individuals.
Upholding martial virtues with humility and scholarship, seeking villages for the masses.
Returning to chaos, how can it be enough to say.
