Liu Yi, style name Xile, was from Pei County, Xuzhou, Jiangsu. His great-grandfather Liu Ju served as the Grand Administrator of Guangling, while his uncle Liu Zhen was a Left Minister of Rites. He came from a well-off family. However, Liu Yi had lofty ambitions from a young age and wasn't concerned with the family's affairs. Instead, he went directly to become an official, starting out as a local official. Later, Huan Hong took notice of him and appointed him as his subordinate in the army.
When Huan Xuan usurped the throne, Liu Yi, along with Liu Yu, He Wuji, Wei Yongzhi, and others, took up arms against him, secretly planning to overthrow Huan Xuan. Liu Yi was responsible for attacking Huan Xiu, the Governor of Xuzhou in Jingkou (present-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), and Huan Hong, the Inspector of Qingzhou in Guangling (present-day Yangzhou, Jiangsu). When Liu Yu and his men arrived at the rebel stronghold of Zhuli, Huan Xuan sent his generals Huang Fu Fu and Wu Fuzhi to intercept the rebel army from the north. They encountered each other at Jiangcheng (present-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), where Liu Yu's forces killed Wu Fuzhi and Huang Fu Fu at Luolu Bridge. This sent Huan Xuan into a panic, who quickly sent Huan Qian and He Danzhi to station their troops at Fuzhou Mountain.
When Liu Yi's army reached Jiangshan, Liu Yu devised a plan to send the weaker soldiers up the mountain with many flags to confuse the enemy. Huan Xuan could not see through this strategy and became even more fearful. Many of the soldiers under Huan Qian were originally loyal to Liu Yu and now dared not engage in battle. Liu Yu, Liu Yi, and others divided into several teams, charging into Huan Qian's camp and bravely fighting the enemy, easily defeating them. At that time, a strong northeast wind blew, the rebels set fires, thick smoke covered the sky, and the thunderous sound of war drums echoed across the land, frightening the people of the capital. Huan Qian's troops quickly dispersed. Realizing the tide had turned against him, Huan Xuan fled westward. Liu Yu promoted Liu Yi to Champion General and Inspector of Qingzhou, ordering him to pursue Huan Xuan along with He Wuji and Liu Daogui.
Huan Xuan compelled the emperor and the King of Langya to flee west. Liu Yi, Liu Daogui, and the Prefect of Xiapi, Meng Huaiyu, caught up to Huan Xuan and fought fiercely at Zhengrongzhou (modern-day Jianli, Hubei). Liu Yi used the strong wind to set fires, and the soldiers bravely advanced. Huan Xuan's army was defeated, burned their supplies, and fled under the cover of night. Later, Huan Xuan's generals Guo Quan and Liu Ya launched a surprise assault and seized control of Xunyang (modern-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi). Liu Yi then sent General Liu Huaisu to quell the uprising.
After Xie Xuan's death, Huan Zhen and Huan Qian gathered a following and confronted Liu Yi at Lingxi. Xie Xuan's subordinate Feng Gai also sent reinforcements to assist Huan Zhen. Liu Yi launched an attack but was defeated by Huan Zhen and retreated to Xunyang, where he was stripped of his position but later reinstated. Liu Yu assigned He Wuji to manage Liu Yi, but He Wuji found it too burdensome and relinquished his military authority. Liu Yi considered He Wuji too domineering, so he dismissed him from his post as the Interior Minister of Langya and appointed him as an Assistant General responsible for military affairs. This created a rift between He Wuji and Liu Yi. Liu Yi acknowledged his mistake, and at that moment, everyone believed he was justified.
Liu Yi set off again from Xunyang. Huan Liang proclaimed himself the governor of Jiangzhou and sent Liu Jingxuan to attack them, forcing them to retreat. Liu Yi's army arrived at Xiakou. At that time, Huan Zhen's associates Feng Gai were stationed at Da'an, Meng Shantu occupied Lucheng, and Huan Shanke guarded Yan Yuelei, with a total of 10,000 troops and ships linked on both sides, supporting each other on land and water. Liu Yi urged the army to attack, but before they reached Fukou, they were caught in a strong wind, suffering losses of over a thousand men. Liu Yi, along with Liu Huaisu, Suo Miao, and others, attacked Lucheng, while Daogui attacked Yan Yuelei, and He Wuji and Tan Zhi led troops to place ships in the middle of the river to prevent the enemy from escaping. Liu Yi donned his armor personally, relentlessly assaulting Lucheng for half a day, breaking through both fortifications, capturing Huan Shanke alive, while Feng Gai managed to escape. Liu Yi then pacified Baling. Liu Yi was appointed as the commissioner with the title of governor of Yanzhou, while retaining his military rank. Liu Yi's orders were very strict, and the local populace welcomed the army wherever it went. Lu Zongzhi, the prefect of Nanyang, rebelled, attacked Xiangyang, and defeated Huan Wei. Liu Yi and his forces arrived at Matou in Jiangling. Huan Zhen fled the camp with the emperor from Jiangjin. Lu Zongzhi defeated the pretender general Wen Kai, and Huan Zhen personally went to attack Lu Zongzhi. Liu Yi, together with He Wuji, Daogui, and others, defeated Feng Gai, and at Yuzhangkou, they launched a relentless assault all the way, eventually capturing Jiangling. Upon hearing that the city had fallen, Huan Zhen and Huan Qian fled north, while the emperor made his way back. Liu Yi apprehended the followers of Xie Xuan, Bian Fanzhi, Yang Sengshou, Xiahou Chongzhi, Huan Daogong, and others, and executed them all.
Huan Zhen and Fu Hong launched a surprise attack on Jiangling from Yuncheng, confronting Liu Huaisu. Liu Yi sent troops to attack Huan Zhen, killing him and also the so-called Auxiliary General Huan Zhen. Liu Yi also captured Qianling and killed Liu Shuzu, who was the prefect under Xie Xuan, at Linzheng. The other dozen or so people who occupied territories and claimed official positions were all subdued by Liu Yi. After the two provinces were pacified, Liu Yi was appointed as the General of the Guard. During this time, Diao Yu and others rebelled and took up position in Xiangzhong. Liu Yi sent troops to attack and eliminate them.
At the beginning, Tan Daoji stayed at home to mourn due to the death of a relative, and when the banner of righteousness was just being raised, he immediately joined the resistance. As the war gradually subsided, he requested to return to Jingkou to complete the funeral rites, saying: "For those who promote the great way of the country, the essence lies in filial piety. There is nothing more sorrowful than losing a loved one. However, I am of mediocre talent and do not possess the heroic spirit of martyrs, so this is the right thing to do. In recent years, the country has been in great danger, so I have devoted myself to loyalty and barely survived until now. Last spring, the emperor returned to the court, but the rebellion had not been completely quelled. Although the treacherous and evil had been dealt with, the remnants still lingered, the court's prestige was insufficient, and both civil and military officials were weary. I have yet to express my humble thoughts, and seeing this situation, I am filled with both sorrow and anger. Now that the imperial power has spread far and wide, and the world is at peace, the hardships I have endured have been conveyed to the emperor. In addition, my health has declined, and multiple ailments have surfaced; I am now bedridden and almost unrecognizable. I never truly wished to live; I could depart peacefully. I request the emperor's permission to return to my hometown with my crippled body for burial, hoping that my loyalty and filial piety will find forgiveness in the eyes of the wise emperor." The emperor did not grant his request.
The emperor decreed the appointment of Tan Daoji as the military commander for the five counties of Huainan, Liyang, Lujiang, Anfeng, and Tangyi in Yuzhou and Yangzhou, while retaining the titles of "Chief," "General," and "Changshi." All civil and military officials originally from this prefecture fall under his command. In recognition of his achievements in quelling the rebellion, he was granted the title of Duke of Nanping County, concurrently serving as the commander of Xuan Cheng's military affairs, and was also granted a band of musicians. When the governor of Liangzhou, Liu Zhi, rebelled, Tan Daoji sent troops to suppress and capture him. Initially, Huan Xuan constructed a hall adorned with dragon motifs in the south, named Panlongzhai. Tan Daoji, whose nickname is Panlong, lived in this hall at that time. Not long after, he was promoted to General of the Guard and appointed as the Governor of the Household. Liu Yi was defeated by Lu Xun, and the bandits pursued him, causing alarm both inside and outside the court. Liu Yi quickly prepared ships to attack Lu Xun, but fell ill just before departure, causing concern. Some suggested that the emperor should quickly flee north to seek refuge with Liu Yu, after all, Liu Yu was the chief commander. Fortunately, Liu Yi soon recovered and readied his troops for a southern campaign. Liu Yu wrote to him, saying, "I am currently battling those treacherous bandits and have learned their weaknesses. Now that the ships are almost ready, I am prepared to charge ahead and fight them. If we win, all the key positions in Jiangzhou will be entrusted to you." He also sent Liu Yi's brother, Liu Fan, to persuade him not to go. Liu Yi was enraged upon hearing this, saying to Liu Fan, "I was only promoted because of my past merits; are you implying that I am less capable than Liu Yu?" After saying this, he threw the letter to the ground and set off with twenty thousand naval troops from Gushu.
Xu Daofu heard that Liu Yi was going to Jianye and quickly informed Lu Xun: "Liu Yi has a formidable military strength. The outcome of this battle will determine everything. We must resist with all our might!" Lu Xun then led his troops from Baling, met up with Xu Daofu, and they marched south together. Liu Yi fought a battle with the bandits at Sangluo Island and was defeated, abandoning his ships and escaping on foot with a few hundred men, while the rest of the soldiers were captured and a significant amount of supplies was lost. Liu Yi fled through the wilderness, and many people starved or froze to death, leaving only twelve or thirteen survivors. His aide Yang Sui fought valiantly to protect him, ensuring his survival. Liu Yu later comforted and encouraged him, restoring his former rank. As a result, Liu Yi promoted Yang Sui to the position of military advisor.
Later, Liu Yu went to suppress Lu Xun, and the court appointed Liu Yi to be in charge of internal and external affairs in Jiankang. After his defeat in battle, Liu Yi requested to resign from his position and was demoted to the rank of Rear General. Shortly thereafter, he was promoted to Guard General, appointed Governor of Jiangzhou, and given the title of Three Excellencies. Liu Yi wrote in a memorial:
I have heard that the workings of the heavens depend on the balance of yin and yang, just as the workings of politics depend on the balance of gains and losses. If the situation is bad but policies are not changed, and the people are suffering but burdens are not lightened, we will be unable to help ourselves in times of crisis or save those on the brink of ruin. In recent times, there have been continuous wars and unrest. The Jiangzhou I govern is a strategic location and has suffered from the ravages of war since the era of Huan Xuan. The people are displaced, men have no food to eat, women have no husbands, and refugees are everywhere. If not for the depletion of resources and manpower shortages, we would not have reached this dire situation. If we do not seriously consider, govern, and make changes, the lament of ruin will soon fall upon us.
That said, the government assigns officials to different roles, with the military and the government each serving distinct roles. Local officials are mainly responsible for governing the people, calming their spirits, and developing production; while the military, on the other hand, is mainly responsible for fighting wars and defending national security. Sometimes, a person may hold dual roles in civil and military affairs, often as a stopgap measure, but over time, it becomes a norm. However, Jiangzhou is too crucial of a position, located in the hinterland, connecting Yangzhou and Yuzhou, serving as a national barrier. With too many troops stationed there, it seems like redundant construction. Back in the day when the Hu people invaded, the warhorses ran to the riverbank, and the military was set up to resist, which was also a stopgap measure!
Now, the Jiangzhou region's population is only a few hundred thousand, covering only a few thousand square miles, yet it has to support so many troops, engaging in battles year after year, leaving the people in unrest. Frankly speaking, this is an utter disgrace to the nation! Moreover, the Jiangzhou area is currently peaceful, yet the military presence is still being retained, maintaining so many civil and military officials, consuming a large amount of resources. This is hardly a strategic approach to governance, nor is it a genuine solution to the problem! From the prefectures to the borders, the people are displaced, and with multiple checkpoints and relay stations, everyone is frightened, and transportation is often delayed. This isn't a wise strategy of "capitalizing on strengths while avoiding weaknesses." In my opinion, the military presence in Jiangzhou should be eliminated, and the troops should be relocated to Yuzhang, which lies at the heart of ten counties and can implement simple and effective policies. Within a few years, we could see results. Furthermore, the subordinate counties are in decline and need consolidation, but the demands of corvée labor and transportation are unending, and some should be merged according to the actual circumstances to cut costs.
Since taking office, Governor Yuyue has indeed been concerned about the suffering of the people, but his methods of governance have remained unchanged, and relying solely on him cannot solve the fundamental problem. "**Assigning officials to different roles, with military and national affairs serving different purposes, prioritizing the welfare and peace of the people, and military strategies to handle matters as a priority.**" This is the fundamental approach! Sunyang is close to the barbarian areas and must strengthen defense. We could allocate a thousand soldiers from the prefectures to assist the county magistrate in defense.
Therefore, the court relieved Yu Yue of his duties and sent him to serve in Yuzhang, appointing his subordinate Zhao Hui to lead one thousand soldiers stationed in Xunyang. Shortly after, the court promoted this official, appointing him as the military commander of Jingzhou, Ningzhou, Qinzhou, and Yongzhou, and the four counties of Hedong, Henan, Guangping, and Yangzhou in Yicheng, General of the Guard, Supervisor of the Palace Attendants, Governor of Jingzhou, retaining his status as a public duke. The official submitted a memorial stating that the population of Jingzhou was fewer than one hundred thousand, and the military equipment was old and inadequate. Although Guangzhou was relatively poor, it could still produce resources like cinnabar and lacquer, requesting that previous regulations be followed. Therefore, the court also allowed him to concurrently oversee Jiaozhou and Guangzhou.
When Liu Yi arrived in Jiangling, he arbitrarily detained more than ten thousand soldiers and officials from Jiangzhou and the Western Prefecture of Yuzhou and refused to release them. He also feigned illness, requesting that his younger brother Liu Fan serve as his deputy. Liu Yu sensed that Liu Yi was defying him, so he reported Liu Yi's actions to the court.
Emperor An decreed, "Liu Yi is arrogant and cruel, with a long record of misconduct and no intention of reform. He should have been executed long ago. The court has shown remarkable leniency by promoting him and bestowing numerous favors upon him. However, he shows no remorse and his resentment grows. It was due to the ministers concealing his illness that he was saved and sent to Shaanxi with high honors and generous treatment in hopes he would reform. Yet he remains unrepentant, plotting rebellion, oppressing the people, and indulging recklessly. After stepping down, he no longer controls the Jiangzhou army, but he still recruits troops, seizes military resources, dismisses veteran soldiers, and appoints his own cronies. He has detained over 10,000 officials from two departments in the Western Court without any explanation. He acts with utter disregard for the court. He conspires with his brother Liu Fan, recruits outlaws, manufactures weapons, hoards troops, claiming to be recuperating but actually planning to revolt and seize Jingzhou and Yingzhou. Xie Hun, the Minister of Works, leverages his family's influence and the court's favor, yet behaves frivolously and stirs rebellion both within and outside the court. Is such behavior even tolerable? What more can be done?" Thus, the court had no choice but to execute Liu Fan and Xie Hun.
Liu Yu took command of the army to confront Liu Yi, ordering Wang Hong, Wang Zhen'e, Kuai En, and others to advance to Yuzhangkou, advancing by setting fire to ships at Jiangjin. Liu Yi's aide Zhu Xianzhi encountered Wang Zhen'e and led his one thousand men to join Liu Yi. Wang Zhen'e and the others broke through the outer city, while Liu Yi held the inner city with several thousand elite troops. The battle raged on until dusk. Wang Zhen'e delivered Liu Yu's letter to those inside the city, but Liu Yi, furious, burned the letter without even glancing at it. Liu Yi clung to the hope of rescue and urged his soldiers to fight back. However, upon realizing Liu Yu had arrived, their fighting spirit vanished. In the evening, Wang Zhen'e set the city gates ablaze and launched a full-scale assault. Liu Yi's army scattered, and Liu Yi fled alone through the north gate and hanged himself twenty miles from Jiangling. The local residents reported the incident by morning, and the court publicly displayed Liu Yi's severed head, while his relatives were also put to death. Liu Yi's brother, Liu Mo, fled to Xiangyang, where he was captured by Lu Zongzhi and sent to the court for execution.
Xie Shi was strong-willed and decisive, yet also domineering and stubborn. He and Liu Yu conquered the country together, his contributions were second only to Liu Yu's. He was perpetually proud, often looked down on others, and refused to back down. After being appointed to a local official position, he felt consistently unappreciated. Liu Yu consistently treated him with gentleness and understanding.
As a result, Xie Shi became more and more arrogant and unruly. He often read historical books and when he saw the story of Lin Xiangru bowing to Lian Po, he sighed and said that it was impossible. He also remarked to Chi Sengshi, "I really wish I could encounter someone like Liu Bang or Xiang Yu, to contend for the world with them!" He further stated, "In the past, Liu Bei had Zhuge Liang to assist him, just like fish cannot survive without water. Now, although you and I may not be as talented as the ancients, our situation is the same as theirs." Everyone disliked his arrogant and disrespectful attitude. Later, he was defeated in the Battle of Sangluo, realizing that people had turned away from him, which made him even more angry and agitated.
Once, Liu Yu returned triumphantly after defeating Lu Xun, and the emperor held a banquet in Xichi, ordering everyone to write poems. Xie Shi's poem was: "Many heroes of the six states, showing their talents." He knew that he was no match for Liu Yu in military talent, so he deliberately tried to appear cultured.
Later, while playing a game of Chupu in the Eastern Palace, the stakes were high, with millions of dollars at stake in each round. Everyone else lost all their money, leaving only Liu Yu and Xie Shi still playing. Xie Shi rolled a "pheasant" (a type of Chupu dice) and was very happy, lifting his shirt and spinning around the room, loudly saying to everyone, "It's not that I don't know how to play Lu (a variation of Chupu), I just don't care to play!" Liu Yu disliked his behavior and deliberately slowly rubbed five wooden sticks, saying, "Brother, let me help you." As a result, Liu Yu rolled four black dots, with one still spinning and not stopping. Liu Yu shouted loudly, and the stick stopped on "Lu." Xie Shi felt very uncomfortable, his face turning ashen like iron, but he still smiled and said, "I know you wouldn't give me a chance!"
After being transferred to the west to serve as an official, Xie Shi, despite his high position and power, lost his influence at court and often suspected Liu Yu's schemes. Therefore, he sought opportunities to undermine Liu Yu using his own influence, which ultimately led to his downfall.
At first, Yú Yuè, the Inspector of Jiāngzhōu, became the Chief Minister of Works during the Lóng'ān period and once came to Jīngkǒu. At that time, Xiè Shí was very poor, so he borrowed the East Hall from the local government and shot arrows with his friends there. Later, Yú Yuè and his subordinates arrived at the East Hall, and Xiè Shí said to him, "Feel free to use any room you like, but I hope you can let us use this one today." Yú Yuè refused. The archers dispersed, but Xiè Shí continued shooting arrows as before. Later, when Yú Yuè had goose for dinner, Xiè Shí asked for the leftovers, but Yú Yuè refused. Xiè Shí held a grudge over this. During the Yìxī period, the court stripped Yú Yuè of his title as Prefect of Yùzhāng, revoked his military power, and even hinted at the court's wishes. Yú Yuè, consumed by anger and fear, ultimately died from the stress. This illustrates Xiè Shí's narrow-mindedness and irascibility.
Xie Miao, courtesy name Boqun, was talented from a young age and served as a military officer under Yin Zhongkan. When Huan Xuan was in Jiangling, he was extremely arrogant and overbearing, and both scholars and common people feared him more than they feared Zhongkan. Huan Xuan once rode a horse before Yin Zhongkan's hall, even pointing a spear at Zhongkan. Xie Miao was present at the time and said to Huan Xuan, "Your horsemanship and spear skills are impressive, but your strategy and tactics are not refined enough." Huan Xuan believed himself to be unparalleled in talent, yet he understood that others did not recognize him. Yin Zhongkan's expression changed because of this; after Huan Xuan left, he said to Xie Miao, "You are truly a madman! Huan Xuan will send someone to kill you tonight; how can I possibly save you!" Xie Miao justified his stance to Yin Zhongkan and showed no regret. Yin Zhongkan advised Xie Miao to leave the capital to avoid danger. Huan Xuan indeed ordered a manhunt to capture him, and Xie Miao narrowly escaped. Later, when Huan Xuan gained power, Xie Miao visited Huan Xuan's residence. Huan Xuan said to him, "How do you know you won't die and still dare to come see me?" Xie Miao replied, "'She Gou' and 'Zhan Qu' accompany me, Xie Miao, making us three, so I know I won't die." Huan Xuan was greatly pleased and appointed him as an assistant military officer in the criminal justice department. Later, he became the Governor of Jingling. When Xie Shi and Liu Yu plotted a rebellion together, Xie Miao also prepared to respond, but the plan was leaked, leading to his death at the hands of Huan Xuan.
Zhuge Changmin was from Yangdu in Langya. He excelled in both literature and martial arts, but unfortunately, he was not very restrained in his behavior and had a notorious reputation in his hometown. Huan Xuan recognized his potential and appointed him as an assistant military officer to participate in military operations to quell disturbances in the west, but he was quickly dismissed due to corruption and bribery. Later, when Liu Yu raised an army to rebel, Zhuge Changmin offered him strategic advice and was appointed as the General of Yangwu. He followed Liu Yu to defeat Huan Xuan and was honored with the title of General of the State and appointed as the Prefect of Xuancheng in recognition of his contributions.
At that time, Huan Xin was mustering troops in Liyang, and Zhuge Changmin routed him. Later, he and Liu Jingxuan once again defeated Huan Xin at Shaopi. He was granted the title of Duke of Xingan County, with a fief of 2,500 households, and also served as the military governor of the Huai Bei region, stationed in Shanyang. At the onset of the Yixi era, Murong Chao led troops to attack Xiapi, and Zhuge Changmin sent his subordinate Xu Yan to drive them away. After that, Zhuge Changmin was promoted to the position of envoy with special authority, military governor of Qing and Yang provinces, and governor of Qingzhou, while concurrently serving as the magistrate of Jinling, stationed in Dantu, retaining his previous titles and fiefs.
He Wuji was killed by Xu Daofu, and the rebel army pursued Zhuge Changmin's forces, threatening to reach the capital. The court was thrown into a panic. Zhuge Changmin led everyone to defend the capital and submitted a memorial of accusation, stating: "Those rebels are building ships and cutting wood, preparing to attack the capital, while the governor of Nankang, Guo Chengzhi, had concealed this information for years and had sheltered them consistently, repeatedly deceiving He Wuji, and deserves to be executed!" As a result, the emperor ordered the pardon of Guo Chengzhi. Later, Lu Xun defeated Liu Yi, and Lu Xun and Xu Daofu joined forces to attack Jiankang, putting the capital in danger again. Zhuge Changmin suggested that Liu Yu move the emperor to Jiangdong. Liu Yu ignored his advice and stationed Zhuge Changmin's and Liu Yi's troops at Beiling to guard against threats from the direction of Shitou City. After the situation calmed down, Zhuge Changmin was promoted to military governor of the six counties of Yuzhou and Yangzhou, and also served as the governor of Yuzhou, while also holding the position of magistrate of Huainan.
Speaking of which, when Xie Yu was attacking Liu Yi, he appointed Changmin to guard the Taiwei Mansion, and the emperor specially approved fifty armored soldiers to enter the palace for protection. This Changmin was arrogant and overbearing, greedy for wealth and lustful, showing no concern for political affairs, spending his days looting treasures and pursuing pleasures, without any restraint, oppressing the common people, who endured great suffering because of him. He was fully aware of the many wrongdoings he had committed and was always afraid of punishment from the court.
After Liu Yi was killed, Chang Min told his close associates, "Back then, Peng Yue was butchered, and Han Xin was killed the year before last. It looks like disaster is coming for me!" He was secretly plotting to rebel and went to ask Liu Muzhi, "People outside say that the Grand Marshal, Xie An, and I are not getting along. What's going on?" Liu Muzhi replied, "The Prime Minister is on a western expedition and has entrusted his elderly mother and young brother to the General for care. How could anyone say that?" Chang Min's younger brother, Li Min, was a reckless and greedy character, always urging him, "Peng Yue was killed because of his physical disability and incomplete power. Liu Yi was killed because the Zhuge clan was afraid. Now's the perfect time to make a move while Xie Yu is away!" Chang Min hesitated, then sighed and said, "When you're poor, you always dream of wealth and status, but when you’re wealthy, you inevitably face danger. Now, I want to be an ordinary commoner in Dantu County; how could that ever happen!"
Xie Yu was very suspicious of Chang Min, so he continuously sent vehicles carrying military supplies to arrive ahead of schedule. As a result, Xie Yu traveled quickly by boat and secretly infiltrated the Eastern Palace. The next morning, when Chang Min heard that Xie Yu had arrived, he panicked and rushed to the door. Xie Yu had already hidden the warrior Ding Wei behind the screen and brought Chang Min in to finish up their earlier conversation. Chang Min was overjoyed, but Ding Wei seized Chang Min from behind and took him out, then delivered the body to the authorities. He then sent people to arrest Li Min, who fought fiercely but was ultimately killed by the arresters due to his strong martial arts skills. Chang Min's younger brother, You Min, served as an officer under the Grand Marshal and fled to the mountains but was later tracked down and killed. The people hated the late punishment of the Zhuge clan, feeling as if they had finally been freed from shackles.
At first, after Chang Min became prosperous, he would often wake up suddenly in the middle of the night, jumping up as if he were about to fight someone. Mao Xiuzhi once lived with him and was very surprised to see this. He asked what was going on, and Chang Min replied, "I always see something, black and hairy, with unclear feet, very fierce, and only I can control it." Later, these incidents became more frequent. Between the pillars and beams of the house, snake heads appeared everywhere. When he tried to cut them with a knife, they would disappear, only to reappear shortly after. Pestles used for pounding clothes would talk to each other like human voices, but the words were incomprehensible. On the wall, a huge hand, seven or eight feet long and several times thicker than a human arm, would appear. When someone tried to cut it, it would suddenly disappear. Not long after, Chang Min died.
He Wuji, from Tan County in Donghai, had grand ambitions from a young age. He was loyal, upright, and straightforward. If someone did something that didn't sit right with him, he would show it directly in his words and actions. He was appointed to a county position and later promoted to a doctorate in the Imperial Academy. General Liu Laozhi, his uncle, stationed in Jingkou, always consulted with him on major issues. When Yan Zhang, the son of the Prince of Kuaiji, was appointed King of Donghai, He Wuji was appointed as the Lieutenant of the State and promoted to General of Guangwu. When Huan Xuan killed Yan Zhang in the market, He Wuji wept bitterly before leaving, gaining the respect of the people. Later, He Wuji followed Liu Laozhi on a campaign against Huan Xuan. When Liu Laozhi was about to surrender to Huan Xuan, He Wuji advised him repeatedly and earnestly, but Liu Laozhi did not listen. After Huan Xuan usurped the throne, He Wuji, who had prior connections with the Minister of Personnel, Cao Jingzhi, requested to be appointed to a small county. Cao Jingzhi reported this to Huan Xuan, who refused his request, so He Wuji returned to Jingkou.
Initially, Liu Yu once served as a soldier under Liu Laozhi and had always been close with He Wuji. At this time, they secretly planned to deal with Huan Xuan. Liu Yi lived in Jingkou and had always been close with He Wuji. When they talked about restoring the dynasty, He Wuji said, "The Huan clan is powerful; can we take them on?" Liu Yi replied, "There's a difference between the strong and the weak. Even the strong can easily become weak. I'm just worried about finding a suitable leader." He Wuji said, "There are heroes out there." Liu Yi responded, "The only one I know is Liu Xiapi (that’s Liu Yu)." He Wuji just smiled and didn’t reply, then went back to tell Liu Yu about it. So they invited Liu Yi together, recommended each other, and finally raised the banner of rebellion, attacking Jingkou. He Wuji pretended to wear the imperial decree clothing and claimed to be an imperial envoy, so no one in the city dared to challenge him.
At first, when Huan Xuan heard that Liu Yu and his ragtag bunch had risen up, he was genuinely worried. His subordinates said, "Liu Yu and his ragtag bunch are no threat, my lord, you don't need to worry." But Huan Xuan replied, "Liu Yu is a fearless and unstoppable force! Liu Yi's family was not wealthy, but they were able to muster millions when it counts! He Wuji is Liu Laozhi's nephew, just as tough as his uncle. How could they fail when they team up for something big?" It's clear how much Huan Xuan feared them.
Later, Huan Xuan was defeated and fled. Prince Wuling, following the emperor's orders, appointed He Wuji as the General of the State and the Grand Historian of Langye, and assigned him the elite troops under Prince Daozi of Kuaiji to pursue Huan Xuan in the south. He also ordered He Wuji and General Zhenwu Liu Daogui to follow the orders of General Champion Liu Yi. Huan Xuan left his generals He Danzhi, former general Guo Quan, and Governor of Jiangzhou Guo Changzhi to guard Penkou. When He Wuji and his forces reached Sangluo Island, He Danzhi and his soldiers launched an attack. He Danzhi's ship was adorned with numerous flags. He Wuji said, "The enemy's commander must not be there; this must be a ruse to deceive us! Attack quickly!" Everyone said, "Even if He Danzhi is not on that ship, capturing it is useless." He Wuji told Liu Daogui, "Our forces are weaker than the enemy's; engaging in a direct confrontation is not advantageous. Although He Danzhi is not on that ship, it is easy to capture. Let's charge and take them down in one swift move!" Liu Daogui agreed, so they captured the ship and shouted, "We've got He Danzhi!" The enemy troops were thrown into chaos, and He Wuji's forces believed it to be true. Liu Daogui pursued the victory, and He Wuji followed suit with a fierce attack, resulting in He Danzhi's complete rout.
They occupied Xunyang and sent envoys to return the main deity of the ancestral temple, Princess Wukang and the Princess of Langye, back to the capital. Later, He Wuji, along with Liu Yi and Liu Daogui, defeated Huan Xuan at Zhengrong Island. He Wuji occupied Baling. Huan Qian and Huan Zhen, Huan Xuan's brother and nephew, took advantage of the situation to occupy Jiangling. He Wuji and Liu Daogui attacked Huan Qian in Matou and Huan Wei in Longquan, defeating them both. However, they were subsequently defeated by Huan Zhen and forced to retreat to Xunyang. He Wuji, Liu Yi, and Liu Daogui once again attacked Huan Zhen, captured three cities in Xiakou, pacified Baling, and then arrived at Matou. Huan Qian requested to cede Jingzhou and Jiangzhou to the emperor, but He Wuji did not agree. They continued to attack and captured Jiangling, forcing Huan Qian and his allies to flee. He Wuji escorted Emperor An back to the capital and was appointed as the military commander of the five counties of Yuzhou, Yangzhou, Huainan, Lujiang, Anfeng, and Liyang, with the privilege of bringing 50 soldiers into the palace—an exceptional promotion. Later, he was promoted to Neishi of Kuaiji, retaining the same rank and privileges as the military commander of five counties in Jiangdong, accompanied by a ceremonial guard. In the second year of Yixi, he was promoted to the military commander of eight counties in Jiangjing, Jiangxia, Suiyang, Yiyang, Sui'an, Yuzhou, Xiyang, Xincai, Runan, Yingchuan, and Governor of Jiangzhou, retaining the same rank and privileges. In recognition of his contributions to quelling the rebellion, he was granted the title of Duke of Ancheng County, with a fief of three thousand households, and his authority was expanded to include Hongnong in Sizhou and Songzi in Yangzhou, and he was also appointed as Sanqi Shilang, ultimately promoted to General of Zhen Nan.
Lu Xun's subordinate general Xu Daofu sailed downstream with ships as large as skyscrapers. Liu Laozhi planned to lead the army to resist, but Chief of Staff Deng Qianzhi advised him, "Using our elite troops to confront those rebels is as easy as cracking eggs with a rock. We shouldn't worry at all. But the fate of the nation hangs on this battle. It is said that they have many large ships and occupy a favorable position upstream, like the sting of a bee. The states of Zhu and Lu serve as a warning! We should first sabotage the South Tang, defend the two cities and hold our ground. They won't dare to stray too far from us. When they are exhausted, we can attack them. If we throw caution to the wind and gamble everything on a single battle, and we fail, we'll have no one to blame but ourselves!" Liu Laozhi did not listen to him and decided to use the fleet to intercept the enemy.
After the battle began, the enemy sent hundreds of archers to a small hill on the west bank, shooting arrows down at Liu Laozhi's army from their elevated position and gradually approaching the mountain. Suddenly, a west wind blew, pushing Liu Laozhi's boat to the east bank. Taking advantage of the wind, the enemy approached with large ships, and Liu Laozhi's army was defeated. Even in the face of defeat, Liu Laozhi shouted defiantly, "Bring me my Su Wu staff!" The staff was brought to him, and he took it up himself to rally his soldiers to fight. The enemy swarmed in, with dozens of people boarding his boat. Liu Laozhi remained composed and ultimately died in battle clutching the staff. The court issued a decree stating, "Liu Laozhi was upright, loyal, reliable, and laid down his life for the country. His achievements are worthy of remembrance for generations; he governed the country effectively, ensuring its stability; he quelled rebellions, defended the borders, bravely fought enemies, and had great ambitions. Though he lost this battle, he faced danger with unwavering courage, dying while holding the staff, comparable to the loyal and righteous men of ancient times. We are deeply saddened. He was posthumously appointed as a minister, and his original title remains unchanged, with the posthumous title of Zhong Su." His son Liu Yong inherited his title. Initially, Huan Xuan captured the capital, while Liu Yu marched eastward. Liu Laozhi secretly went to Liu Yu's camp and plotted a rebellion, urging Liu Yu to rise up in Shanyin. Liu Yu believed that Huan Xuan's crimes had not been fully exposed yet and was worried that it would be difficult to succeed in starting a rebellion thousands of miles away. He thought it would be better to wait until Huan Xuan usurped the throne and then rise up in Jingkou to seek revenge. Liu Laozhi then returned. When the rebels rose up, Liu Laozhi participated, achieving great success with his strategies and abilities. However, the failure of this battle was due to his underestimation of the enemy and rash advance, causing deep sorrow among both the court and the common people.
Tan Pingzhi, with the courtesy name Qingzi, is from Gaoping. He has been ambitious and capable since he was young. His upbringing is very strict, and he has a good reputation locally. His brother's children, including Shao and his four brothers, all became orphans at a young age, and Tan Pingzhi raised them as if they were his own children.
Initially, Tan Pingzhi served as a cavalryman under Prince Kuaiji, later promoted to be a cavalry officer under Huan Xiu, then appointed as the Prefect of Dongguan, and further honored as General Ningyuan. He and Liu Yu were hometown friends and had a very good relationship, often going on expeditions together to suppress rebellions. When Liu Yu raised troops, Tan Pingzhi and Liu Yi both rushed to join the army wearing mourning clothes because of a family funeral. While Tan Pingzhi's talent and reputation weren't as prominent as Liu Yi's, his official rank and standing were higher, so Liu Yu appointed him as General of Jianwu. As Liu Yu prepared to raise troops, he once discussed with He Wuji and Wei Yongzhi at Tan Pingzhi's house. A fortune teller, Wei Sou from Jinling, was taken aback upon meeting Tan Pingzhi, saying, "You will soon face imminent danger in battle—within three or four days. You should hide and avoid going out if you can."
Later, Huan Xuan sent Huangfu Fu to lead the army to Luoluo Bridge. Tan Pingzhi and Liu Yu each led a separate army to fight, resulting in their defeat, with Tan Pingzhi killed by Huangfu Fu's forces. The court posthumously awarded him the title of Governor of Jizhou. In the early period of the Yixi era, the court issued a decree stating: "Commending good deeds and recording merits is the customary practice of the country. Even after death, one can be remembered for generations, which is the steadfast behavior of loyal and righteous individuals. Governor of Jizhou, Tan Pingzhi, was loyal and brave, sacrificing himself for the country. His loyal behavior was deeply moving, accepting the mission in a time of crisis. In evaluating his conduct, no one in ancient times could surpass him. The posthumous honor still feels inadequate to express our regret for him. He is specially appointed as a Gentleman Attendant, with no change in the original position. Since he sacrificed himself for the country, he should also be posthumously recognized. He is posthumously granted the title of Duke of Qu'a County, with a fief of three thousand households."
Wei Yongzhi, courtesy name Changdao, was from Rencheng, Shandong. His family was poor, relying on farming for a living, but he was very fond of learning and persevered. He was born with a congenital cleft lip. A fortune teller told him, "You will be wealthy and noble in the future." At the age of eighteen, he heard that the Governor of Jingzhou, Yin Zhongkan, had a famous doctor under him who could treat cleft lips, but he was too poor to even afford the travel expenses. He said to his family, "What’s the point of living with this condition?" He then took a few bags of rice and went west to seek Yin Zhongkan. Upon arrival, he went straight to Yin Zhongkan's residence to visit him. Yin Zhongkan chatted with him and valued his sincerity, so he arranged for a doctor to treat him. The doctor said, "This can be repaired through surgery, but it requires one hundred days of only eating porridge, no speaking or laughing." Wei Yongzhi said, "I haven't spoken much in the first half of my life, let alone the second half, not to mention it's only one hundred days!" Yin Zhongkan then arranged for him to stay in another house for treatment. Wei Yongzhi remained silent, eating only porridge. His perseverance was truly admirable! After recovering, Yin Zhongkan gave him a lot of money and sent him away.
At first, Wei Yongzhi served as a local magistrate and once met Huan Xuan. Later, Huan Xuan considered him plain-looking and lacking potential, so he remarked to those around him, "He doesn't look like much, but he has great abilities and won't become a great talent." Ultimately, he did not employ him again and dismissed him. In his early years, Wei Yongzhi had a good relationship with Liu Yu. After Huan Xuan's usurpation of the throne, Wei Yongzhi participated in the campaign against Huan Xuan. After Huan Xuan's failure, Wei Yongzhi was appointed General of Jianwei and Inspector of Yuzhou. Later, when Huan Xin attacked Liyang, Wei Yongzhi led the army to defeat him. During the Yongxi period, Wei Yongzhi was promoted to General Who Conquers the Barbarians and Interior Minister of Wu. Shortly after, he was promoted to Inspector of Jingzhou, Commander, and Commander of the Six Provinces, also serving as Colonel of the Southern Tribes. Wei Yongzhi was originally just a commoner and never regarded his poverty with shame. Later, when he held a high position, he was not arrogant or complacent. He was initially a guest of Yin Zhongkan, but soon took over the official position once held by Yin Zhongkan, a transition that garnered much praise from the people. He passed away while in office. The court issued a decree stating, "Wei Yongzhi was dignified in appearance, knowledgeable, loyal, upright, and had remarkable achievements, benefiting the people. Unfortunately, he passed away at a young age, resulting in profound grief. He was posthumously honored as Grand Minister of Ceremonies and promoted to Regular Attendant." Later, the court commended his contribution to the suppression of Huan Xuan, posthumously granting him the title Duke of Jiangling County with a fief of 2,500 households, and bestowing upon him the posthumous title "Huan." His younger brother, Wei Shun, later became the Interior Minister of Langye.
Historical records say: I think, from ancient times to the present, a period of peace and prosperity has always depended on upright individuals. To accomplish great things, outstanding talents are essential. Faced with internal strife and external threats, when the Jin Dynasty was in decline, heroes like Huan Wen and Xie An were no longer there. Without a few talented individuals, how could the situation be saved? These individuals were all top figures at the time, all had the ability to govern the country and secure the state. When the country was at its lowest point, they seized the heavenly opportunity and made great achievements, restoring order as effortlessly as flipping a switch, defeating enemies as easily as snapping dry twigs. They wielded immense power, enjoying the highest glory and wealth, truly the pinnacle of a great man's achievements!
However, Liu Laozhi's arrogance quickly brought disaster upon himself; Zhuge Changmin's extravagance and indulgence also brought him calamity. Liu Laozhi served Emperor Wu of the Song but soon fell out of his favor; Zhuge Changmin assisted the Jin Dynasty but was not a loyal subject. Their plans were not thorough, ultimately leading to their own downfall. Liu Yi, with great ambitions and both civil and military skills, remembered his former lord and inspired many people. Leading his army, he intimidated the enemy, seized opportunities, and quickly achieved victory, never fearing death. Compared to those before him, he was truly outstanding!
Praise: Liu Laozhi was obstinate and self-serving, Zhuge Changmin was cruel and ruthless. When disaster accumulates to a certain extent, calamity arises from suspicion and betrayal. Liu Yi was brave and skilled in battle, exemplifying loyalty and courage. He sacrificed his homeland for the nation, putting aside personal concerns. Tan Daoji and Wang Sengchuo, with an imposing presence, ultimately died in battle, leaving a lasting legacy. The Wei and Jin eras ultimately achieved stability and unity, making their achievements even more brilliant.
