In the sixth year of the current era, on the day of Bingchen in the first month, Changling Township was renamed Zhangling County. The common people had been subjected to forced labor for generations, similar to the situation in Feng County and Pei County, and had little savings. On the day of Xinyou, the emperor issued a decree stating: "In the past few years, there have been continuous floods, droughts, and locust plagues, causing soaring food prices and making life difficult for the people. I see that the people have no food to eat, and I feel very distressed. I order that in places with food reserves, in accordance with the laws, relief should be provided to the elderly, widows, orphans, the elderly living alone, and those who are both old and sick, have no relatives, and cannot survive on their own. County officials must do their utmost to support the people and must not neglect their duties!"
General Yang Wu captured Shu County and then Li Xian. In the second month, Grand Marshal Wu Han captured Xu County and captured Dong Xian and Pang Meng, bringing peace to the Shandong region. All the generals returned to the capital, and the emperor held a grand feast to reward them.
In the third month, General Sun Shu sent General Ren Man to attack Nan County. On the day of Bingzi in the fourth month, the emperor arrived in Chang'an, first went to the Gaomiao to offer sacrifices, and then offered sacrifices at eleven tombs. Afterwards, the emperor sent seven generals including General Gai Yan to march along the Long Pass to attack General Sun Shu.
On the day of Jiwei in the fifth month, the emperor returned from Chang'an. Wei Xiao rebelled, and Gai Yan and others fought against Wei Xiao at Longji, resulting in defeats for all the generals involved. On the day of Xinchou, the emperor issued a decree saying: "For officials in Tianshui, Longxi, Anding, Beidi, and other counties who have committed crimes due to being deceived by Wei Xiao, as well as those in the Sanfu region who have suffered from the Red Eyebrow Army, all offenses, from capital crimes to lesser charges, are pardoned!"
In the sixth month of the year of Xinmao, the emperor issued a decree saying: "The establishment of official positions and the appointment of officials are for the service of the people. Currently, the people are suffering from disasters, and the population has sharply decreased. However, there are many official positions at all levels. I command the Inspector General and the Governors to inspect their respective jurisdictions and streamline officials. Those counties and states that do not need so many officials can be merged, and reports should be made to the Grand Tutor and the Grand Minister of Works." As a result, according to the decree, more than four hundred counties were streamlined and the number of officials was reduced by ninety percent.
The Prefect of Daijun, Liu Xing, fought and died in battle against the generals Gao Liu and Lu Fang.
Initially, Wang Diao, the leader in Lelang County, defied imperial authority. In the autumn, the court sent the Administrator of Lelang, Wang Zun, to subdue him. The officials in the county killed Wang Diao and then surrendered.
The former general Li Tong led two armies to fight against the army of Gongsun Shu in Xicheng, defeating Gongsun Shu's army.
In the summer, there was a locust plague.
On the day of Gengzi in September, the court pardoned the heinous criminals who were involved in rebellion in Lelang County, pardoning them from capital punishment to other charges. At the end of the month of Bingyin, there was a solar eclipse.
On the day of Dingchou in October of the year 23 B.C., the emperor issued a decree saying: "I lack virtue, and my policies are unclear, resulting in rampant banditry and the strong preying on the weak, causing the common people to be displaced. The Classic of Poetry says: 'The sun and moon foretell disasters, yet no one takes corresponding measures.' I constantly reflect on my faults and feel deep remorse. I command all officials to recommend one virtuous and upright person each; all officials must submit petitions without concealing the truth; all levels of officials must fulfill their duties seriously and strictly adhere to the law."
On the day of Dingmao in November, the emperor issued a decree pardoning those who were unjustly forced into slavery during Wang Mang's reign and should not have been slaves according to the old laws, restoring their civilian status.
On the Renchen day in December, the Grand Minister of State, Song Hong, was dismissed from his position. On the Guisi day, the Emperor issued a decree saying, "The recent war has not yet ended, and the national finances are insufficient, which is why the tax of one-tenth has been imposed. Now soldiers are cultivating the land, and food reserves are gradually becoming more abundant. Counties are ordered to collect land rent at a rate of thirty percent, restoring the old system." Kuai Xiao dispatched troops to plunder in the Fufeng region, but General Feng Yi defeated them. In that year, the court began to abolish the positions of county officials. They also began to allow marquises to return to their fiefdoms. The Xiongnu dispatched envoys bearing tribute, and the court sent a commandant to visit them. On the Bingshen day in the seventh year of the reign, the Emperor decreed that the officials of the capital, the Three Auxiliaries, and various counties release prisoners, except for those convicted of capital offenses. All other offenders were to be pardoned. Those sentenced to forced labor would have their civilian status reinstated. Officials could pardon those who had fled due to crimes based on documentation. The Emperor further decreed, "People consider lavish burials a virtue and simple burials a disgrace, leading to the wealthy indulging in extravagance and the poor squandering their families' fortunes. Laws and regulations cannot stop this, and neither can propriety and righteousness until after the fact. A proclamation shall be issued nationwide to educate everyone on the principle of simple burials for loyal officials, filial sons, compassionate brothers, and respectful younger siblings." On the Xinsi day in the second month, the court eliminated the position of the Transport Protector. On the Dingyou day in the third month, the Emperor issued a decree saying, "Currently, the country has many elite military forces, and they should temporarily disband light chariots, cavalry, material officers, ship officers, and temporary military officials, allowing them to reintegrate into civilian life." Gongsun Shu declared Kuai Xiao the King of Shaoning.
On the last day of the Guihai month, a solar eclipse occurred. The emperor avoided the main hall, ceased military actions, and did not handle political affairs for five days. The emperor issued a decree saying, "My lack of virtue has led to disasters, and both the sun and moon have been punished. I am trembling with fear; what more can I say? I am now reflecting on my mistakes, hoping to atone for my sins. Officials at all levels are ordered to diligently fulfill their duties, abide by the law, and treat the people well. All officials must submit petitions and are not allowed to hide anything. Petitioners are forbidden from discussing matters concerning the sages."
In the year XX (specific year needs to be supplemented based on historical facts), on the day of Rengwu in the fourth month, the emperor issued a decree saying, "Recently, there have been disturbances in the yin and yang, with frequent solar and lunar eclipses. The people are suffering, all because of my shortcomings, so I hereby grant amnesty to the entire country!" He then ordered all officials, including prefects and governors, to each recommend a virtuous and upright person to the court for personal inspection.
On the day of Wuxu in the fifth month, Li Tong was appointed as the Grand Minister of Works. On the day of Jiayin, the emperor issued another decree, stating that those taken as slaves, servants, or coerced into marriage due to famine, war, or bandits from Qingzhou and Xuzhou could decide whether to leave or stay, and they must not be forced to stay. Anyone who dares to disobey will face punishment for trafficking in persons!
That summer brought relentless rain. General Wang Chang, a loyal officer of the Han Dynasty, was appointed as the Grand General of Hengye. On the day of Dinghai in the eighth month, the former Prince of Hejian, Shao, was reinstated as Prince of Hejian.
Kui Xiao rebelled in the Anding area, and the Grand General of the West, Feng Yi, and the General of Conquering the Barbarians, Ji Zun, led troops to suppress him and drove him back. In winter, the governors of Taifu in Shuofang, Tian Sa, and Yunzhong, Qiao Hu, each brought their respective counties to surrender to the court.
That year, the court abolished the positions of Chief of Changshui and Chief of She-sheng.
In the second year (XX AD) of January, General Lai She of the Zhonglang launched a surprise attack on Lueyang, killed the commander loyal to Kui Xiao, and occupied Lueyang City. In April, the Colonel of the Imperial Secretariat, Fu Kang, was imprisoned and eventually died in jail. Kui Xiao attacked Lai She but failed to capture it. In the leap month, the Emperor personally led the army to subdue Kui Xiao. General Dou Rong of Hexi led the prefects of five counties to join the Emperor's army in Gaoping. The Longyou region suffered defeat, Kui Xiao fled to Xicheng and was surrounded by Grand Marshal Wu Han and General Cen Peng; the Emperor advanced to Shanggui, but Kui Xiao stubbornly refused to surrender, so the Emperor ordered the Tiger Tooth General Gai Yan and the Jianwei General Geng Yan to attack him. Meanwhile, bandits from Yingchuan were rampaging through the countryside, even capturing some counties, and the garrison in Hedong also defected, which sent the capital into a panic.
In the autumn, the region experienced severe flooding. In August, the Emperor rushed east from Shanggui overnight. On the Geng Shen day, the Emperor returned to the palace. On this day, the Emperor personally led the troops to punish the Yingchuan bandits, who all capitulated. Marquis Zhang Bu of Anqiu rebelled and fled to Langye, where Chen Jun, the Prefect of Langye, captured him. On the day of Wuyin, the Emperor returned triumphantly from Yingchuan.
In the tenth month of Bingwu, the Emperor traveled to Huaixian. On the eleventh day of the eleventh month, the Emperor returned from Huaixian. Gongsun Shu sent troops to rescue Kui Xiao, while Wu Han, Gai Yan, and others led their troops back to Chang'an. Tianshui and Longxi surrendered to Kui Xiao again.
In the twelfth month, an envoy from Goguryeo arrived to pay tribute. That year, there was also a great flood.
In the spring of the 23rd year AD, in January, Kui Xiao died, and his subordinates Wang Yuan and Zhou Zong made Kui Chuan, the son of Kui Xiao, the king. The government relocated the officials and populace of Yanmen County to Taiyuan.
On the day of Xinhai in March, the court had just created the position of Left Colonel of the Green Turbans. Gongsun Shu sent the generals Tian Rong and Ren Man to occupy Jingmen.
On the day of Bing Xu in June, the emperor visited Goushi for recreation and also climbed Mount Huanyuan. The emperor dispatched Grand Marshal Wu Han to lead four generals in battle against Jia Lan, a subordinate of Gao Liu and Lu Fang, but they suffered defeat. In August, the emperor tasked General Lang Jiang with overseeing General Feng Yi and five other generals in their campaign against Wei Chun in Tianshui. General Du Mao clashed with Jia Lan in Fanzhi, but Du Mao's forces were defeated. That year, the court eliminated the position of Guan Duwei and created the role of Huqiang Xiaowei. In January of the year 24 AD, Grand Marshal Wu Han led General Wang Ba and five other generals to fight against Jia Lan in Gao Liu again, and the Xiongnu dispatched troops to aid Jia Lan. Our troops engaged them and successfully repelled their advance. The court also renovated the Gaomiao temple in Chang'an. In the summer, General Feng Yi defeated Zhao Kuang, a leader of Gongsun Shu in Tianshui, and killed him. Sadly, General Feng Yi also passed away. On Ji Hai day in August, the emperor returned to Chang'an, worshipped at the Gaomiao, and then went to worship eleven tombs. On the day of Wu Xu, the emperor went to Pi. General Gao Jun of Kui Xiao defected. In October, General Lang Jiang and his forces defeated Wei Chun at Luomen, and Wei Chun's subordinate, Wang Yuan, fled to Shu. Wei Chun and Zhou Zong surrendered, and the Longyou region was finally brought under control. During this time, the Xianling Qiang once again troubled Jincheng and Longxi. General Lai She led his troops in a battle against the Qiang in Wuxi, achieving a resounding victory. On Geng Yin day, the emperor returned to the palace. That year, the court dissolved Dingxiang County and relocated its residents to Xihe. King Liu She of Sishui and King Liu Zhong of Zichuan both passed away. On Ji Mao day in February of the year 25 AD, the emperor issued a decree stating, "Among all creations in heaven and earth, human life is the most valuable. From now on, anyone who kills slaves or servants will face severe penalties."
On the Jiyu day in March, the emperor visited Nanyang and then Zhangling, and held sacrifices at the imperial tombs. Prince Chengyang Liu Zhi passed away. On Gengwu day, the emperor returned to the palace.
During the leap month, General Cen Peng, along with three other generals, defeated Gongsun Shu's troops commanded by Tian Rong and Ren Man in Jingmen, capturing Ren Man. General Feng Jun besieged Tian Rong in Jiangzhou, while Cen Peng led the navy to attack Gongsun Shu, bringing peace to Bajun.
On the Dingmao day in April, the court abolished the positions of the Grand Minister and the Director. The Xianbei Qiang tribes harassed Lintao once again.
In June, Colonel Liu She and General Ma Cheng defeated Gongsun Shu's troops led by Wang Yuan and Huan An. Later, Huan An sent assassins to kill Colonel Liu She. The emperor personally led the campaign against Gongsun Shu.
In July, the army arrived near Chang'an. In August, Cen Peng defeated Hou Dan, a general under Gongsun Shu, in Huangshi. General Zang Gong and Gongsun Shu's Yan Zeng fought at Shenshui, winning a decisive victory. Wang Yuan surrendered. The emperor returned to the capital from Chang'an. On Guihai day, the emperor issued a decree stating, "Anyone who dares to punish slaves and maidservants by burning will face legal consequences, and those who have been burned shall be freed as commoners."
On the Renwu day in October of winter, the emperor issued a decree abolishing the law that allowed slaves and maidservants to be shot with arrows and killed. Gongsun Shu sent assassins to kill General Cen Peng. Ma Cheng pacified Wudu and then, alongside Ma Yuan, the Prefect of Longxi, defeated the Xianbei Qiang, resettling them in Tianshui, Longxi, and Fufeng.
In December, Grand Marshal Wu Han led the navy to attack Gongsun Shu. That year, the position of Governor of Shuofang was abolished and merged into Bingzhou. It was also mandated that governors could no longer report back independently.
In the first month of the twelfth year in spring, Grand Marshal Wu Han and Gongsun Shu's general Shi Xing fought in Wuyang, and Shi Xing was killed. On the day of Guichou in the third month, the emperor issued an edict, stating that the people of Longxi and Shu regions who were taken as slaves due to war and those who reported their grievances, as well as those that the government had not yet reported, would all be exempted from servitude.
In the summer, Ganlu fell in Nanxing Tang. In the sixth month, a yellow dragon was sighted in Dong'e. In the seventh month of autumn, General Weilu Feng Jun captured Jiangzhou and took Tian Rong prisoner. In the ninth month, Wu Han defeated the general Xie Feng of Gongsun Shu in Guangdu, killing Xie Feng. The auxiliary general Zang Gong captured Fucheng and killed Gongsun Hui. Grand Marshal Li Tong was dismissed.
On the day of Wuyin in the eleventh month of winter, Wu Han, Zang Gong, and Gongsun Shu fought in Chengdu, achieving a decisive victory. Gongsun Shu was injured and died that night. On the day of Xinsi, Wu Han ravaged Chengdu, annihilated the Gongsun Shu family, as well as Yan Cen and others. On the day of Xinmao in the twelfth month, General Yangwu Ma Cheng acted as the Grand Marshal.
In a certain year, the barbarian leader Zhang You from Jiuzhen County submitted to the court with his people and was appointed as the Lord of Guihanli. The court assigned Jincheng County to Longxi County's jurisdiction. The Wolf Qiang tribe rebelled, attacking Wudu County and Longxi County. The Prefect of Longxi, Ma Yuan, led troops to suppress the rebellion and bring them to submission. The court instructed border officials: if the troops are not enough to fight, they should defend their positions; when pursuing the enemy, they should be flexible according to the situation and not be bound by set time limits. At this time, Grand General Wang Chang passed away. The court sent the General of Cavalry, Du Mao, to lead the armies from various counties to the northern border, constructing pavilions, watchtowers, and signal towers.
Next, on the specific date in the first month of the year Gengshen, the Grand Tutor Hou Ba passed away. On the specific date of Wuzi, the emperor issued a decree: "Although I have previously ordered all counties and states not to offer any more exotic treasures and delicacies, there are still people sending them. This not only adds to the hassle of selection and transportation, but also wears out travelers and wastes money. In the future, the Imperial Household Department, which handles the royal cuisine, will no longer accept these tribute items. As for the offerings to the ancestral temples from distant places, the previous system will still be followed."
In the second month, the court sent General Ma Wu, known for capturing enemies, to station troops at the Hutuo River to guard against the Xiongnu. Lu Fang fled from Wuyuan to the Xiongnu. On the specific date of Bingchen, the emperor issued a decree: "The succession of titles for Changsha King Xing, Zhending King De, Hejian King Shao, and Zhongshan King Mao does not conform to the rites. Now Xing will be appointed as Marquis of Linxiang, De as Marquis of Zhending, Shao as Marquis of Lecheng, and Mao as Marquis of Danfu." A total of 137 members of the imperial clan and descendants of those whose fiefs were abolished were granted marquis titles. On the specific date of Dingsi, Zhao Wang Liang was demoted to Duke of Zhao, Taiyuan Wang Zhang was made Duke of Qi, and Lu Wang Xing was made Duke of Lu. On the specific date of Gengwu, Duke Kong An of Yanshao was enfeoffed as Duke of Song, and Duke Ji Wu of Zhouchengxiu was made Duke of Wei. The court also dissolved thirteen kingdoms in Bingzhou and the Western Capital area: Guangping County was combined with Julu County, Zhending County was combined with Changshan County, Hejian County was combined with Xindu County, Chengyang County was combined with Langye County, Sishui County was combined with Guangling County, Zichuan County was combined with Gaomi County, Jiaodong County was combined with Beihai County, Liu'an County was combined with Lujiang County, and Guangyang County was combined with Shanggu County.
On the specific date in the third month, Xinwei, Han Xin was appointed as the Prefect of Pei County and promoted to Grand Tutor. On the specific date of Bingzi, the Grand Minister of Construction, Ma Cheng, was dismissed.
In April, Grand Marshal Wu Han returned to the capital from his hometown in Sichuan and hosted a grand feast to reward and honor the soldiers. A total of 365 heroes received promotions, titles, and expanded land grants! In addition to these, 45 members of the imperial family also received rewards. At the same time, the court abolished the positions of Left and Right Generals, and even the renowned General Geng Yan was dismissed. From Yizhou, the musicians, instruments, ceremonial vehicles, and various vehicles left by Gongsun Shu were sent over, completing the court's ceremonial music and ritual system. With the war over and peace restored, the court simplified its documents and duties, retaining only about one-tenth of them. On the Jia Yin day, Dou Rong was appointed as Grand Minister of Works.
In May, the Xiongnu again harassed the Hedong region.
In July, the leader of the White Horse Qiang tribe on the Guanghan border surrendered to the court with his people.
In September, the tribes on the Jinan border offered white pheasants and rabbits as tribute.
On the Jia Yin day in December, the court ordered the release of all those who had been enslaved by the Xiongnu in Yizhou over the past eight years, restoring them to free citizens. Those who had become concubines and wished to leave were allowed to do so, with penalties for anyone who attempted to forcibly retain them, in accordance with the trafficking laws in Qingzhou and Xuzhou. At the same time, the court reestablished the Jincheng Commandery.
In the first month of the fourteenth year, the court began construction on the front hall of the Southern Palace. The Xiongnu sent envoys to pay tribute, and the court sent a general to visit and express thanks.
On the Xin Si day in April, Zhi, a descendant of Confucius, was appointed as Marquis Baocheng.
In the Yuesui region, a man named Ren Gui claimed the title of prefect and sent people to offer advice.
In September, a man from Pingcheng, Jia Dan, killed Yin You, the leader of Lu Fang, and surrendered.
That year, Kuaiji Commandery experienced a major outbreak of plague. The states of Shache and Shanshan also sent envoys to pay tribute.
On the Guimao day in December, the court issued an order that all the people who had been captured and enslaved in Yizhou and Liangzhou for eight years could be freed if they turned themselves in to the authorities, restoring their status as free people without needing to reclaim the money they were sold for.
On the Xinchou day in the first month of the fifteenth year, the Grand Tutor Han Xin was dismissed and subsequently took his own life. On the Dingwei day, a comet appeared in the sky, sweeping past the Pleiades constellation.
Ouyang He was appointed as Grand Tutor, replacing Han Xin. Grand General Jianyi Zhu You was also dismissed.
On Dingwei day again, another comet appeared, this time near the Ying Shi constellation.
In February, the court moved the people of Yanmen, Dai, and Shanggu counties to areas east of Changshan Pass and Juyong Pass.
After the Shu area was pacified, Grand Marshal Wu Han submitted a memorial to the emperor requesting that his son be conferred the title of king. The emperor refused, and Wu Han repeatedly submitted memorials for several years. In March, the emperor finally ordered the ministers to discuss the matter. Grand Minister Rong, Duke Tong of Gushi, Duke Fu of Jiaodong, Duke Yu of Gaomi, and the Minister of Ceremonies jointly submitted a memorial saying: "In ancient times, the enfeoffment of vassals was to protect the capital. In the Zhou Dynasty, eight hundred vassals were enfeoffed, all of the same surname and relatives, who established states and assisted the royal family together, respected the emperor, and the country lasted long. This is a model for later generations to follow! As stated in the Book of Songs: 'Greatly assist your abode to support the Zhou family.' Emperor Gaozu was wise and valiant, unified the world, valued kinship, and enfeoffed his brothers and sons as kings, which was in accordance with tradition. Now Your Majesty is virtuous, has restored the imperial lineage, commended meritorious subjects, rewarded those who have contributed, and been close to the nine clans. Both meritorious subjects and the imperial family have received titles; many have been granted extensive lands, with some even receiving multiple counties. Now the princes have grown up and can pay their respects to you. Your Majesty, being humble and cautious, has delayed the decision, which has disappointed both the courtiers and the populace! It should be done on an auspicious day in midsummer to bestow kingships upon them, in order to strengthen the vassal states, highlight kinship, respect the ancestral temple, consolidate the state, conform to ancient customs, and satisfy everyone's wishes. We suggest that the Grand Minister take a map, the Minister of Ceremonies choose an auspicious day, and prepare for the ceremony." The emperor said, "Approved!"
On the day of Wushen in the fourth month, the emperor performed a grand offering to the ancestral temple. On the day of Dingsi, he sent Grand Minister Rong to the ancestral temple to officially confer titles on the princes: Fu, Duke of Yiyi; Ying, Duke of Chu; Yang, Duke of Donghai; Kang, Duke of Jinan; Cang, Duke of Dongping; Yan, Duke of Huaiyang; Jing, Duke of Shanyang; Heng, Duke of Linhuai; Yan, Duke of Zuo Yi; and Jing, Duke of Langye. On the day of Guichou, the emperor posthumously conferred the title of Duke of Qiwu on his brother Bosheng and the title of Duke of Lu'ai on his other brother Zhong.
On the sixth day of the sixth month, the court re-established the positions of Tunqi, Changshui, and Shesheng as military officers and renamed the Left Captain of the Qingjin as the Yueqi Captain. The emperor also ordered all states and counties to inspect and verify the amount of land and the age of the population, while also investigating corrupt practices such as bribery among officials holding positions with a grain capacity of two thousand stones or more.
On the eleventh day of the eleventh month, Grand Tutor Ouyang She was imprisoned and executed. On the twelfth day of the twelfth month, Dai She, the Marquis of Guannei, succeeded Ouyang She as Grand Tutor. Lu Fang returned from the Xiongnu and settled in the town of Gaoliu.
That year, General of the Valiant Cavalry, Du Mao, was dismissed, and General of the Tiger's Teeth, Gai Yan, passed away. In the spring of the sixteenth year, during the second month, a woman named Wei Ce led a rebellion in Jiaozhi (northern Vietnam) and captured some cities. A solar eclipse occurred on the last day of the third month.
By the ninth month of autumn, Zhang Ji and more than ten county governors in Henan were arrested and sentenced to death for improper land measurements. Wealthy households, military leaders, and bandits throughout the region rose in rebellion, looting and killing officials. When government troops arrived, the rebels dispersed, only to regroup once the troops left. The conditions in Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Youzhou, and Jizhou were especially dire. In the tenth month of winter, the court dispatched messengers to various regions, permitting bandits to inform on one another. If five people together beheaded a bandit, they would be pardoned for their crimes. Officials who deliberately delayed or condoned banditry were not held accountable, as long as bandits were captured. Local officials who failed to capture bandits in their jurisdictions or abandoned cities out of fear were not investigated. Only those who harbored bandits were deemed criminals. Consequently, everyone pursued the bandits, and they all dispersed. The court relocated the leaders of the bandits to other counties, allocated land to them, and provided food rations to encourage their farming efforts. Since then, cattle and horses could graze freely, and the city gates no longer needed to be closed.
Lu Fang sent envoys to request surrender. On the Jia Chen day in December, the court appointed Lu Fang as the King of Dai. After Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, it was said that the currency was in disarray, with cloth, gold, and grain all used as currency. In the first month of the seventeenth year of the reign, Zhao Gongliang passed away. At the end of the second month, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fourth month of summer, on the day of Yi Mao, the Emperor went on a southern hunting expedition with the Crown Prince and his advisors. In the seventh month of autumn, sorcerers, including Li Guang, gathered in Wancheng, and the court dispatched General Ma Yuan and General Duan Zhi to suppress them. By the ninth month, Wancheng had fallen, and Li Guang and his followers were executed. On the day of Xin Si in the twenty-eighth year, the Emperor deposed Empress Guo, reappointing her as the Empress Dowager of Zhongshan, and established Lady Yin as the new Empress. The remaining nine princes were elevated to kings. The Emperor visited Zhangling, renovated gardens and temples, conducted rituals, and hosted feasts for his officials. In December, the Emperor returned to Luoyang after his visit to Zhangling. That year, the Kingdom of Shache sent envoys to pay tribute.
In the twenty-ninth year of the Emperor's reign, in the second month, Shi Xin, the governor of Shu commandery, rebelled. The Emperor dispatched Grand Marshal Wu Han and two generals to suppress the rebellion and besiege Chengdu. On the Jiayin day, the Emperor went on a hunting expedition to Chang'an. On the Renwu day in the third month, the Emperor made sacrifices at Gao Temple and then at eleven tombs. Passing through the Fengyi region, he continued on to Puban to pay homage to the Earth Deity. On the Guichou day in the fourth month, the Emperor returned to the palace in his carriage. On the Jiaxu day, the Emperor issued a decree stating, "Now the border regions that steal fifty bushels of grain will be punished by death. This opens the door for cruel officials to kill innocent people. This law should be abolished, and a unified standard should be established for the internal regions." The Emperor sent General Fubo Ma Yuan to deal with the bandits in Jiaozhi. On the Jiashen day, the Emperor traveled to Henei. On the Wuzi day, the Emperor returned from Henei to Luoyang. In May, there was a drought. Lu Fang fled again, seeking refuge with the Xiongnu. In July, Wu Han captured Chengdu and killed Shi Xin and others. On the Renxu day, the Emperor pardoned all criminals in Yizhou who had committed lesser offenses. On the Gengchen day in October, the Emperor traveled to Yicheng and, upon returning, made sacrifices at Zhangling. On the Yichou day in December, the Emperor's carriage returned to the palace. In that year, the Emperor abolished the role of provincial governor and created the position of inspector.
In the thirtieth year of the Emperor's reign, on the Gengzi day in the first month, the Emperor posthumously honored Emperor Xiaoxuan with the title Emperor Zhongzong. He began offering sacrifices to Emperor Zhao and Emperor Yuan at the Imperial Ancestral Temple, as well as to Emperor Cheng, Emperor Ai, and Emperor Ping in Chang'an, and to the ancestors of Chongling in Zhangling. The sorcerer Shan Chen, Fu Zhen, and others rebelled and took control of the original Wu. The Emperor dispatched Grand Master Zang Gong to deal with them. In April, they captured the original Wu and killed Shan Chen, Fu Zhen, and others. General Fubo Ma Yuan defeated the rebels in Jiaozhi, killing Wei Ce and others. He then defeated Du Yang, the leader of the rebels in the Jiuzhen region, bringing them to submission.
In the leap month of the Wushen year, the Emperor upgraded the Kings of Zhao, Qi, and Lu from vassal states to full kingdoms. On the Wushen day of the sixth month, the Emperor proclaimed, "The Spring and Autumn Annals say that appointing the eldest son as the heir is the only way to achieve nobility. The Prince of Donghai, Liu Yang, being the son of the Empress, should inherit the throne. Crown Prince Liu Qiang, being humble, is willing to serve as a vassal king. The bond between father and son has grown precious after a long separation. Hence, let Liu Qiang be King of Donghai, Liu Yang be Crown Prince, and change his name to Liu Zhuang!"
In the ninth month of autumn, the Emperor set out on a southern inspection. On the day of Renshen, he arrived in Nanyang, then proceeded to Nandun County in Runan, where he hosted a feast for officials and the people, granting the county a year-long exemption from land rent. The local elders bowed deeply and said, "The late Emperor (Emperor Guangwu) used to stay here frequently; Your Majesty knows this place well, and you've always shown us great kindness on your visits. We hope you can exempt us from land rent for ten years." The Emperor replied, "Governing the world is a heavy responsibility, and I fear my abilities are insufficient. Day by day, how could I dare promise ten years?" The officials and people said, "Your Majesty, you actually cherish us greatly, why be so modest?" The Emperor laughed heartily and exempted another year. Later, he visited Huaiyang, Liangguo, and Peiguo.
Rebels from the southwestern barbarians invaded Yizhou, and the Emperor dispatched General Liu Shang of Wuwei to suppress them. Ren Gui, the Prefect of Yueyi, also rebelled. In the twelfth month, Liu Shang attacked Ren Gui and killed him.
That year, the Emperor appointed a commandant for Hangu Pass and renovated the palaces in the Western Capital.
On Wuzi day in the second month of spring the following year, the Emperor's chariot returned to the palace.
On Gengchen day in the fourth month of summer, Grand Minister Dai She was imprisoned and later executed, and Grand Minister Dou Rong was dismissed.
On Xinhai day in the fifth month, Grand Marshal Wu Han passed away.
The Xiongnu invaded Shangdang and Tianshui, pushing all the way to Fufeng.
On the day of Gengyin in June, Cai Mao, the Governor of Guanghan, was appointed as the Grand Chancellor, and Zhu Fu, the Grand Minister of Works, was appointed as the Grand Minister of War. On the day of Renchen, Liu Long, the General of the Left, was appointed to act as the Grand Marshal. On the day of Yiwei, Prince Zhongshan Liu Fu was promoted to the title of Prince of Pei.
In autumn, the Han people from Dongyi led their troops to surrender in Lelang Commandery.
In the tenth month of winter, the Emperor embarked on an eastern tour. On the day of Jiawu, he arrived in the State of Lu, then went to Donghai, Chuguo, and Peiguo.
In December, the Xiongnu invaded Tianshui. On the day of Renyin, the Emperor's chariot returned to the palace.
In that year, the Emperor abolished Wuyuan Commandery, relocating its officials and residents to Hedong Commandery. He also exempted the residents of Jiyang County from six years of corvée labor.
In the first month of the twenty-first year of the era, General of Wuwei Liu Shang defeated the rebel forces in Yizhou and quelled the rebellion.
In the spring of the twenty-first year, the nomadic tribes on the border rebelled, gathering in the Qing Mountains. The court sent the Minister of War, Chen, to suppress the rebellion, which was swiftly quelled.
In autumn, the Xianbei invaded Liaodong, but Ji Hong, the Governor of Liaodong, decisively defeated them. In the tenth month of winter, the court sent General Fubo Ma Yuan to confront Niao Huan, but the attempt was unsuccessful. The Xiongnu also continued to harass the Shanggu and Zhongshan regions. It was also in that winter that sixteen small kingdoms, including the King of Shanshan and the King of Cheshi, sent their princes to pay tribute and seek favor, requesting the establishment of a Protectorate. The Emperor, believing the country had only just stabilized, had no time to attend to these foreign matters, so he sent the princes back, bestowing upon them generous gifts.
In the spring of the second year, the emperor went to Chang'an to offer sacrifices at the ancestral temple and also offered sacrifices at eleven imperial tombs. In early February, the emperor returned from Chang'an. On the last day of May, a solar eclipse occurred. In July, the Chief Commandant, Su Ye, was imprisoned and eventually passed away. In September, an earthquake occurred, and the ground split open! The emperor issued a decree saying, "Recently there was an earthquake, and Nanyang suffered the most severe disaster. The earth, which should bear the heaviest load of all things, should be still, but now it has cracked. This responsibility lies with me as the emperor! It must be due to my lack of virtue that angered the deities, hence the calamity! I am truly frightened! I order that this year's land rent and fodder in Nanyang be exempted! Send investigators to investigate and reduce the sentences of those sentenced to death before this earthquake to a lesser crime; release those who have been sentenced, and give them silk and cotton clothes. Provide each affected family with three thousand coins for funeral expenses. Families whose houses were damaged due to unpaid taxes will not be pursued for damages. If officials die or are trapped under collapsed houses and their families are weak and unable to clean up, give them money to hire help."
In the winter of October, the Grand Minister of Public Works, Zhu Fu, was dismissed, and the next day, the Palace Attendant, Du Lin, took over as the Grand Minister of Public Works. That year, Prince Qi died, and there was a locust plague in Qingzhou. The Xiongnu's Dayan Chanyu sent envoys to Yuyang seeking peace, and the court sent Commandant Li Mao to respond. The Wuhuan defeated the Xiongnu, causing the Xiongnu to flee north, leaving the Muzhong region deserted. The court ordered the removal of the captains and soldiers from the border counties. In the twenty-third year of the Common Era, in January, the tribes in Nanjun rebelled, and the court sent General Liu Shang to suppress the rebellion and relocate the rebellious tribes to Jiangxia. In May, the Grand Minister of Instruction, Cai Mao, died. In August, the Grand Minister of Public Works, Du Lin, also died. In September, Yu Kuang, the Prefect of Chenliu, was appointed as the Grand Minister of Public Works.
In the year X (specific year inferred from context, omitted here), on the Bing Shen day in October, Zhang Chun was appointed as the Grand Preceptor. On this day, some tribal leaders from Goguryeo also surrendered in Lelang Commandery.
In December, the barbarians in the Wuling region rebelled, wreaking havoc everywhere. The court dispatched Liu Shang to quell them, but his forces were utterly annihilated at the Battle of Yuanshui. At the same time, the Xiongnu's King Yuzhan Rizhuang sent envoys to pledge allegiance in Xihexun Commandery.
In the second year (X+1 AD), on the Yi Hai day in January, the court issued a general amnesty. King Yuzhan Rizhuang of the Xiongnu sent envoys to Wuyuan Pass, requesting assistance from the court to defend against other Xiongnu tribes in the north. In July, during the autumn, the barbarians from Wuling attacked Linyuan. The court sent emissary Li Song and Zhongshan Commandant Ma Cheng to suppress them, but it was unsuccessful. Therefore, General Fubo Ma Yuan was dispatched with four other generals to conquer them. At the same time, the relevant authorities were instructed to reaffirm the previous system concerning vassal tribes and feudal lords.
In October, King Yuzhan Rizhuang of the Xiongnu proclaimed himself the Southern Chanyu, splitting the Xiongnu into Southern Xiongnu and Northern Xiongnu.
In the second year (X+2 AD), in January, the Mo people invaded several commanderies on the Liaodong border, including You Beiping, Yuyang, Shanggu, and Taiyuan. The Governor of Liaodong, Ji Hong, managed to bring them to surrender. The leader of the Wuhuan also came to pay homage to the emperor. The Southern Chanyu dispatched envoys bearing tribute and submission; he also sent his Left Wise King to attack the Northern Xiongnu, reclaiming over a thousand li of territory. In March, the Southern Chanyu sent his son to serve the emperor. On the last day of the Wu Shen month, a solar eclipse occurred. General Fubo Ma Yuan and others finally defeated the barbarians from Wuling in Linyuan. By October, all the rebellious barbarians surrendered. The King of Buyeo also sent envoys to offer tribute. That year, the Wuhuan leader brought his people to submit to the court and present tribute.
In the second year (X+3 AD) of the reign, the court ordered the relevant departments to raise officials' salaries. Among them, the salaries of officials ranked above a thousand shi were reduced compared to the old system in the western capital, while the salaries of officials ranked below six hundred shi were increased. That year, the court began the construction of the mausoleum. Dou Rong, the chief architect responsible for the mausoleum, reported to the emperor: "The scale of the tomb is very large, and the costs involved are hard to estimate." The emperor said: "The funerals of ancient emperors were all done with pottery and tiles, wooden carts and grass horses, so that future generations would not know where the tomb is. Emperor Taizong grasped the principles of life and death, and Emperor Jing could inherit and follow filial piety. Although they experienced great chaos in the world, the Ba Ling tomb remained intact and benefited from it, isn't that a good thing! Therefore, I order that the mausoleum should not exceed an area of two to three hectares; do not build tall tombs, just have a pond with flowing water."
General Duan Chen was tasked with delivering the emperor's token to the Southern Xiongnu Chanyu, allowing him to stay in Yunzhong Commandery. A special position of "Xiongnu Commander" was established, and soldiers were sent to protect him. The Southern Xiongnu Chanyu even sent his son as a pledge and personally came to meet the emperor. Now, the residents of the eight commanderies—Yunzhong, Wuyuan, Shuofang, Beidi, Dingxiang, Yanmen, Shanggu, and Dai—have all returned to their hometowns. The emperor also sent officials to various places to address illegal activities and repair the city walls. The border residents in the Central Plains were also repatriated, each receiving money and food.
In the year 27 AD, on the day of the fourth month, the Grand Minister of Works, Yu Kuang, passed away. On the day of the fifth month, the Emperor ordered: "In the past, the Grand Minister of Works and the Grand Minister of Agriculture did not have the word 'Grand' in their titles, so let's remove the word 'Grand' from these two official positions!" He also changed the Grand Marshal to Grand Commandant. The General of Chariots and Cavalry, Liu Long, who also held the position of Grand Commandant, was dismissed on that day. The Grand Herald, Zhao Xi, was appointed as the Grand Commandant, and the Minister of Agriculture, Feng Qin, was appointed as the Grand Minister of Works. The barbarian tribes on the border of Yizhou all submitted to the court. The Northern Xiongnu sent envoys to Wuwei to request peace. In the winter, Prince Lu Xing and Prince Shi of Qi returned to their respective fiefdoms.
On the day of the first month in the year 28 AD, Prince Lu Xing was moved to Beihai to become a king, and the land of Lu was incorporated into Donghai Commandery. The Emperor also granted the King of Donghai several musical instruments, such as the tiger shield, the horsehair crest, and the bell. On the day of the sixth month, Empress Dowager Guo passed away, and the Emperor ordered the arrest of the guests of the royal family nationwide, resulting in the execution of thousands. On the day of the eighth month, the King of Donghai, the Prince of Pei, the King of Chu, the King of Jinan, and the King of Huaiyang all returned to their respective fiefdoms. On the day of the tenth month, the Emperor ordered all death-sentenced prisoners to be sent to hard labor, and female prisoners should enter the palace as palace maids. The Northern Xiongnu again sent envoys to offer tribute and request peace.
On the day of the second month in the year 29 AD, on the first day, there was a solar eclipse. The Emperor ordered an investigation into wrongful cases and released the imprisoned prisoners. On the day of the seventh month, the Emperor elevated the rank of all adult males in the country by two levels; elderly widows, orphans, single individuals, disabled persons, and the impoverished received five measures of grain each. On the day of the fourth month, the Emperor ordered that all prisoners should have their sentences reduced by one level, and other criminals could either pay for their crimes or serve labor, with each case handled individually.
In the first month of the year 30 AD, the leader of the Xianbei submitted to the court and had an audience with the emperor. In the second month, the emperor embarked on a hunting trip to the east. On the Jiazi day, he arrived in the Lu Kingdom and then went to Jinan. On the Guichou day of the intercalary month, the emperor returned to the palace. A comet appeared in the sky near the Purple Palace.
On the Wuzi day in April of 140 BC, the Left Yiwang was moved to Zhongshan Kingdom as the Zhongshan King.
In May, there was a great flood. Oh, what a year of disasters! The emperor ordered all adult males in the country to be promoted by two ranks; widowers, widows, orphans, single individuals, disabled persons, and those who were too poor to survive each received five hu of grain as relief.
On the Dingyou day in July, the emperor made a covert visit to the Lu Kingdom. He also exempted Jiyang County from labor service this year. On the Dingyou day in November, the emperor returned from the Lu Kingdom.
In May of 140 BC, there was another great flood! It’s like trouble always comes in waves! On the Wuchen day, the emperor once again ordered that all adult males in the country be promoted by two ranks; widowers, widows, orphans, single individuals, disabled persons, and those who were too poor to survive each received six hu of grain, even more than last time! The Guiyou day was the end of the month, and there was a solar eclipse that day—what a troublesome autumn it was! That summer, there was also a locust plague—what a string of natural disasters! On the Jiachen day in September, the emperor ordered that all death-row prisoners were to rear silkworms, and the women were to work in the palace. That year, Chenliu experienced a millet rain, with the grains growing like foxtail millet. The Northern Xiongnu also sent envoys to pay tribute, which was seen as a positive development.
In the first month of the first year of Zhongyuan, the kings of Donghai, Pei, Chu, Jinan, Huaiyang, and Zhao came to pay their respects to the emperor. On Dingmao day, the emperor went on a hunting trip to the east. On Jimao day in the second month, the emperor arrived in the state of Lu and then went to Mount Tai. The kings of Beihai and Qi also came to court in Dongyue. On Xinmao day, the emperor worshiped at Mount Tai and then performed the Fengshan ceremony. On Jiawu day, the abdication ceremony took place at Liangfushan. On Wuchen day in the third month, Zhang Chun, the Minister of Works, passed away. On Guiyou day in the fourth month, the emperor returned to the palace. On Jimao day, the emperor issued a general amnesty and exempted the counties of Ying, Bo, Liangfu, and Fenggao from land taxes and fodder for the year. The era name was changed to Zhongyuan. The emperor also went to Chang'an and performed sacrifices at Changling on Wuzi day. On Yichou day in the fifth month, the emperor returned from Chang'an. On Xinmao day in the sixth month, Feng Hao, the Grand Protector, was appointed as Minister of Works. On Yiwu day, the Minister of Education Feng Qin passed away.
In the summer, the Li Quan spring in the capital city began to flow, and those who drank from the spring were cured of their ailments, except for the blind and the lame. Red grass also grew by the spring. Reports from various counties kept coming in about the appearance of sweet dew. The ministers submitted a memorial saying, "This is a sign from the earth spirits, and the red grass grew as a result. Emperor Xiaoxuan changed the era name whenever he saw auspicious signs, such as Divine Grace, Five Phoenixes, Sweet Dew, and Yellow Dragon, all of which were used as era names to express reverence for the divine and showcase his virtue and reputation. This ushered in peace and stability, a time known as a period of prosperity. Now that the world is peaceful and auspicious signs have appeared again, Your Majesty, with your humility, how can you let these auspicious signs go unacknowledged? They should be recorded by the court historians and passed down to future generations." However, the emperor did not agree, always modestly claiming no credit and ignoring the auspicious signs reported by the counties and states, which is why so few of these events were recorded by the historians.
In autumn, locust plagues struck various counties. On Xinyou day in the tenth month, Li Xun, the Colonel of Donglai, was appointed as Minister of Education.
On the day of Jia Shen, the Chancellor was sent to Gaomiao for sacrifices, saying, "The Emperor and his ministers agreed that only the Liu clan should rule. Empress Dowager Lu harmed the three Zhao families and wanted the Lu clan to become kings. Fortunately, with the protection of the deities of the land and grain, Lu Lu and Lu Chan were executed, and the imperial family nearly faced annihilation. The country was stabilized. Empress Dowager Lu does not deserve to be enshrined in Gaomiao with Emperor Gaozu, sharing honor. Empress Dowager Bo exemplified virtue and compassion. Emperor Xiaowen was wise and governed the country well, ensuring blessings for future generations and the continuity of the state to this day. Empress Dowager Bo should be revered as Empress Gao, to be enshrined with the earth spirits. Move the tablet of Empress Dowager Lu to the garden for regular sacrifices."
At the end of the eleventh month of Jia Zi, a solar eclipse occurred.
In that year, the construction of the Mingtang, Lingtai, Biyong, and the sacrificial grounds in the northern suburbs commenced. Prophetic diagrams were publicly announced. Labor was requisitioned once more from Ji Yang and Nan Dun. The Wolf Qiang tribe invaded Wudu, defeated the county soldiers, and the Prefect of Longxi, Liu Xu, sent troops to rescue. The soldiers of Wudu also participated in quelling the rebellious Qiang tribes, ultimately defeating them.
In the second year of the first month of Xin Wei, the altar in the northern suburbs was officially completed, and the worship of the Earth began.
The king of the Eastern Yi Woni sent envoys to pay tribute.
In the second month of Wu Xu, the Emperor passed away in the main hall of the Southern Palace at the age of sixty-two. In his edict, he stated, "I have not contributed to the welfare of the people. Everything should be handled according to the system of Emperor Xiaowen, with strict frugality. Governors and officials of two thousand stones are not allowed to leave the city walls, nor send messengers or submit memorials via postal service."
It is said that Emperor Guangwu of Han, Liu Xiu, grew weary of war after spending a long time on the battlefield, and he understood that the common people were exhausted and yearning for peace. Since pacifying Longxi and Shu, he rarely mentioned going to war unless it was absolutely necessary. When the Crown Prince asked him about military strategies, Liu Xiu said, "When Duke Ling of Wei asked Confucius about the military of Chen, even Confucius did not answer. You don't need to concern yourself with this." He held court every morning and often didn't finish until the sun was setting. He frequently gathered ministers, officials, and generals to discuss state affairs, often working until late at night before resting.
Seeing how hardworking the Emperor was, the Crown Prince couldn't help but advise, "Father, you have the wisdom of Yu and Tang, but you haven't enjoyed the leisurely life like the Yellow Emperor or Laozi. I hope you can take care of your spirit and live a leisurely life." However, Liu Xiu said, "I enjoy it and do not feel tired." Although he personally achieved great success, he remained diligent and never slackened, which enabled him to manage state affairs with insight, wield great power, act according to the actual situation, and avoid making mistakes. He honored his meritorious officials, promoted civil officials, confiscated weapons, and disbanded the army. Although his way of governing was not yet at the level of ancient sages, this was also a strategy to maintain peace.
The book records that Emperor Guangwu's father, Lord Liu Qin of Nandun, initially served as the magistrate of Jiyang County. In December of the first year of Jianping, when a miraculous bright red light appeared in the room, Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu was born in the county yamen. Liu Qin summoned the diviner Wang Chang, who discreetly spoke, avoiding those around him, "This is a sign of great fortune, indescribably good!" That year, miraculous Jiahe sprouted in Jiyang County, featuring nine ears on a single stalk, and thus people nicknamed Liu Xiu "Xiu." The following year, a diviner named Xia Heliang submitted a report to Emperor Ai, stating that the national fortune of the Han Dynasty was declining and would be commanded by heaven again. So he changed the era to Taichu, calling Liu Xiu "Emperor Taiping Chen Sheng Liu," in an attempt to seek good fortune and avert disaster. Later, Wang Mang usurped the throne and resented the Liu clan because the coins featured a design of a golden knife, so he changed the coins to "currency." Some claim that the characters for "currency" resemble "Bai Shui Zhenren." Later, Su Boa, who was skilled at observing qi, came to Nanyang at the order of Wang Mang and saw the city walls of Chongling from afar, sighing, "This place really has good Feng Shui! Lush and vibrant!" After Liu Xiu mustered his forces and returned to Chongling, he saw Shena from afar, with flames shooting into the sky, only to vanish moments later. Earlier, Taoist priests such as Simen Junhui and Li Shou had also predicted that Liu Xiu would become emperor. This emperor was indeed destined by heaven, as there were clear signs! Otherwise, how could he ride the celestial dragon and wield the heavenly mandate! It is said that Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu of the Han Dynasty was truly a remarkable talent bestowed by heaven! At that time, the world was in chaos, with bandits rampant, nearly draining the country. Fires raged across the land, shrouded in mist. The common people could not bear the tyranny of corrupt officials and scoundrels, and even the heavens could not bear to watch. Praise: The flames flicker, as great bandits ravage the land. Nine counties are in turmoil, the three spirits are shrouded in fog. People are tired of deceit and fraud, and the gods are turning towards virtue. Guangwu's birth is a divine gift, and his spirit is self-selected.
Liu Xiu, this child, was born with the aura of an emperor. This isn't just my opinion; it was decreed by the heavens! He has always been calm and strategic since childhood, and is exceptionally talented in literature. He gathered a million-strong army from Xunyang and Yiyang, each one a skilled and formidable soldier, with an unstoppable momentum, like a fierce tiger descending from the mountain. They advanced, singing songs of triumph, unstoppable, defeating the enemy's forces and even setting their capital ablaze.
Shen Ji was profound, known for his deep strategies and literary prowess. A million-strong army from Xunyang and Yiyang, fierce as tigers. The chariots thunder across the battlefield, their spears raised high like comets. With his heroic spirit soaring, the new capital was set ablaze.
Later, Liu Xiu quelled the rebellions led by Liu Yong, Liu Penzi, and others, and resolved the unrest in Liang and Zhao regions. Although the Three Rivers region was still not completely stable and the Four Passes were still heavily troubled, wherever Liu Xiu's army went, it was like a divine force descending, quickly quelling rebellions.
Pious to Liu Yong and Dai, resolving the chaos in Liang and Zhao. The Three Rivers are not yet clear, the Four Passes are heavily disturbed. The divine banners are looked upon, marching to heaven's punishment.
Now, the world is finally at peace now, with regions now able to communicate and thrive. This is all thanks to Liu Xiu's wise decisions and the collective efforts of everyone! He implemented effective policies, acting swiftly and decisively, thus achieving the glory of the Han Dynasty.
The Jin Tang is at risk, the chariots traverse the roads together. The Ling Qing is opened, people praise the strategies. With clear plans in the temple, he was resolute and decisive. With a commanding presence, he secured the prosperity of our Han.
