The sun moves along the ecliptic from east to west, covering one degree per day and night, taking approximately 365 days to orbit the earth. When it moves to the east, it is spring; when it moves to the south, it is summer; when it moves to the west, it is autumn; when it moves to the north, it is winter. The movement of the sun creates changes in the solar terms of yin and yang, cold and heat. The "Book of Documents" says: "The sun is the essence of the sun, governing reproduction and benevolence, and is a symbol of the ruler." If the ruler has flaws, these flaws will be exposed, serving as a warning to the people.
Therefore, a country with orderly movements of the sun and moon will be peaceful, the ruler will be auspicious, and the people will be at peace. If the sun changes color and war breaks out, it will result in defeat; if there is no war, the princes and kings will die. If the ruler lacks virtue, the ministers will disrupt the country, the sun will turn red and lose its brilliance. When the sunlight is dim during the day and people walk without shadows, and it does not stop at night, it indicates severe punishment above and hardships for the people below, which will lead to significant floods within the year. When the sunlight dims and crows gather and caw during the day, it indicates a breakdown of law and order in the country. Seeing crows at noon indicates an unwise ruler, political chaos, and a rebellion with white flags in the country. If black spots and clouds intermittently appear on the sun, it indicates that the ministers will depose their ruler.
A solar eclipse happens when yin energy encroaches upon yang energy, symbolizing ministers concealing the ruler, foretelling the nation's downfall, the ruler's death, or a catastrophic flood. If stars are visible during a solar eclipse, it means the ruler will be killed, and the country will split. Thus, rulers must cultivate their character and uphold virtue to avert these calamities.
The moon embodies the essence of yin energy. It is round in shape, clear in nature, and when sunlight shines on it, its brightness can be seen. The area not illuminated by sunlight is referred to as "po." So, on the day of the full moon, the sun and the moon are facing each other from afar, and when a person stands between them, they can fully see its brightness, hence the round shape. When it is a crescent moon, sunlight only shines on one side of the moon, resulting in a half-lit appearance. When it is a new moon, sunlight shines on the surface of the moon, but people are positioned within the moon's shadow, so the moon cannot be seen. The moon travels at different speeds. At its slowest, it moves about twelve degrees per day, and at its fastest, it moves about fourteen and a half degrees per day. The speed gradually increases from slow to fast, reaches its peak, then gradually slows down again, completing a cycle of fast and slow in about twenty-seven and a half days. Additionally, the moon's orbit intersects the ecliptic at an angle. It spends roughly thirteen days outside the ecliptic, and roughly thirteen days inside it. At its farthest point, it is six degrees from the ecliptic. In a little over twenty-seven days, a full cycle of yin and yang changes is completed. Zhang Heng once said: "When the moon reaches the position opposite the sun, it appears the same size as the sun. The part where sunlight cannot reach is called 'dark void.' If the 'dark void' touches the moon, a lunar eclipse will occur; if it touches a star, the star will disappear." Nowadays, calendar experts believe that during a full moon, the moon reaches the ecliptic and encounters the 'dark void.' The 'dark void' has varying depths, so the size of lunar eclipses differs between the northern and southern hemispheres. The moon is the essence of the Great Yin, complementing the sun and symbolizing femininity. Using it as a metaphor for virtue implies the importance of punishment. In the imperial court hierarchy, it corresponds to nobles and ministers. Therefore, when the ruler is wise, the moon follows its regular path; when ministers abuse power, the moon's movement becomes erratic. When high-ranking officials abuse power, using force and punishment unjustly, the moon's movement becomes erratic. When female rulers and their relatives abuse power, the moon's movement becomes unpredictable. If the moon changes color, it signals that disasters are imminent. If the moon shines brightly during the day, chaos will ensue, leading to conflicts between rulers and subjects, and female rulers losing their virtue, the border armies growing strong, famine in the central region, and people plotting to seize power. If the moon remains visible for several months, it will spell doom for the country.
The moon is the essence of yin energy, round and very clear. When the sun shines on it, it becomes bright; when it doesn’t, we refer to it as "po" (魄), a term that signifies a spiritual aspect of the soul. Therefore, during a full moon, the sun, moon, and earth are aligned, allowing us to see the complete moon. During a half moon, the sun only illuminates one side of the moon, which is why we see it as half illuminated and half shadowed. During a new moon, the sun illuminates the side of the moon facing away from us, making it invisible. The moon's speed varies; at its slowest, it moves just over twelve degrees a day, and at its fastest, more than fourteen and a half degrees, completing a cycle in about twenty-seven and a half days. The moon's orbit crosses the ecliptic (the apparent path of the sun across the sky) at an angle, spending about thirteen days outside the ecliptic and thirteen days inside, with a maximum of six degrees from the ecliptic. In about twenty-seven days, a cycle of yin and yang changes occurs. Zhang Heng said that when the moon reaches a position opposite the sun, it appears very large, and the region where the sun's light doesn't reach is referred to as "dark void." When the moon encounters "dark void," it results in a lunar eclipse; when stars encounter it, they disappear. Astronomers now believe that during a full moon, the moon will meet "dark void" on the ecliptic, which is why the size of lunar eclipses varies. The location of "dark void" dictates the size of the eclipse. The moon represents femininity, symbolically representing virtue and punishment. In the court, it represents feudal lords and ministers. When the ruler is wise, the moon's movements remain regular; when ministers are power-hungry, the moon's movement becomes chaotic. If ministers abuse their power and misuse military force and punishment, the moon's path will swing unpredictably; if the empress dowager holds power, the moon will advance and retreat unpredictably. Changes in the moon's color will bring disasters; if the moon is visible during the day, it symbolizes treachery and disorder, disputes over power between rulers and ministers, loss of virtue by the empress, strength in the border regions, famine in the central area, and conspiracies throughout the world. If the moon continues to appear for several months, the nation will face destruction.
Goodness, this ancient text is quite overwhelming! Let's take it step by step and explain it in simple terms.
The first paragraph discusses Jupiter, stating that it represents the spring of the East and the wood element, corresponding to a person's benevolence and appearance. If a person lacks benevolence and has an unattractive appearance, violates the natural order of spring, and harms the wood element, then Jupiter will manifest abnormalities as a form of punishment. The speed and position of Jupiter's orbit will affect the countries it corresponds to. If it stays in a certain country for a long time, it suggests that the country possesses good virtue, the crops are abundant, and the nation is peaceful and secure, reducing the likelihood of being attacked. If Jupiter's movement shows abnormalities, the country will then face disasters. When Jupiter moves steadily, it is considered auspicious; if it behaves abnormally, the country will experience changes, and it is not suitable to initiate war. It also states that the ruler should have a radiant demeanor, and their virtue must align with that of the country. If the ruler acts with restraint, deceit and corruption will decrease; if their behavior is erratic, the ruler will lose their blessings. Jupiter also oversees agriculture, as well as the states of Qi and Wu, and the transgressions of all feudal lords and rulers, and it oversees the annual harvest of grains. If Jupiter appears red with horns, prosperity will follow for the country; if it appears a dull reddish-yellow, a bountiful harvest will be expected nationwide.
The second paragraph talks about the summer of the South and the element of fire, corresponding to human etiquette and vision. If a person lacks proper etiquette, has poor eyesight, violates the seasonal norms of summer, and harms the fire element, then Mars will manifest in an unusual way as a form of punishment. Mars's movements are erratic—its appearance signifies war, and its disappearance signifies the end of war. In the lands influenced by Mars, a range of calamities will arise, including rebellion, theft, disease, funerals, famine, and war. Mars's trajectory resembles a curved hook, with flickering light, changing colors, moving back and forth, left and right, making disasters more severe. When Mars travels southward, it heralds the death of men; when it journeys northward, it signals the demise of women. If Mars remains stationary, there will be death and disasters, and the country will lose land. If Mars moves swiftly, armies will assemble, and by adapting to the circumstances, they can achieve victory. Mars also oversees diplomacy, funerals, civil engineering, and military affairs, including the states of Chu, Wu, and Yue, as well as the southern territories, overseeing the faults of ministers, extravagance, rebellion, and other sins, as well as the success or failure of the year. If Mars does not move, war will not erupt, but generals may still meet their demise. When Mars glows red in fury and adopts a hooked trajectory, war will be very dangerous, and armies will be surrounded. Mars's hooked shape also has sharp spikes, preventing the monarch from leaving the palace due to the threat of ambushes from armies below. The larger the spikes, the angrier the people; the more worried the gentlemen, the more rampant the villains, where the populace oppresses officials, and officials in turn oppress the king. Mars also governs external wars and internal affairs, serving as a symbol of the emperor's rule over the realm. Thus, even the most enlightened ruler must heed the movements of Mars. If Mars encroaches upon the constellations of Taiwei, Xuanyuan, Yingshi, Fang, and Xin, it predicts disasters for the monarch.
The star Tiansheng represents the center, summer, and the earth's virtue. It is said to symbolize "faith," but it also symbolizes "heart." Benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom—with faith being the foremost among them; in words and actions, the heart is fundamental. Therefore, if any of the four stars (referring to the four stars of the Heart Constellation) has a problem, Tiansheng will move. Once it moves, it will fill up, and then the lords and kings will be restless; if it retracts, the army will not return. The position of Tiansheng brings good fortune to the nation, allowing it to gain land and women, which brings blessings, but it must not be violated. If Tiansheng leaves that position, the nation will lose land, and women will be concerned. The longer Tiansheng remains in that position, the greater the nation's blessings; if it stays for a short time, the blessings will be shallow.
If Tiansheng misaligns and moves to the upper two or three constellations, this is referred to as "filling," which means the orders of the ruler cannot be fulfilled, resulting in great floods. If it misaligns and moves downwards, it is called "retracting," which foretells disasters within the royal harem, poor harvests that year, and even occurrences like land cracks and landslides, resulting in upheaval across the land. There is also a saying that Tiansheng represents the virtue of the Yellow Emperor and symbolizes the image of the female ruler. It governs the depth of the nation's virtue and the key to its safety and survival, as well as the shortcomings of women throughout the realm. Another interpretation describes it as the star of the Son of Heaven. If the Son of Heaven betrays that trust, Tiansheng will shake violently.
Venus, also known as the Evening Star, represents the West, autumn, and golden virtue. It symbolizes "righteousness" and "speech." If righteousness is lacking and words are lost, violating the laws of autumn and disrupting the energy of metal, then Venus will be punished. The movements of Venus can be used to predict wars; its position, speed of movement, and stillness can reveal the enemy's strengths and weaknesses. Victory or defeat, blessings or misfortunes can all be foreseen. If it appears in the West and its trajectory is incorrect, foreign invaders will fail; if it appears in the East and its trajectory is incorrect, the Central Plains will fail. If it runs off to the area of the Seven Mansions before the designated time, the nation associated with it will suffer. If it spans the sky, there will be significant upheaval, dynasties will change, resulting in chaos and displacement. If it shines alongside the sun during the day, strong nations will weaken, small nations will strengthen, and female rulers will prosper. Another interpretation is that Venus represents the high officials of the court, comparable to the highest court officials, and the position of Grand Marshal should be inferred based on its movements.
Chen Xing, or Mercury, represents the north, winter, and the water element. It symbolizes "wisdom" and "listening." If one lacks wisdom and believes in slander, violating the rules of winter and damaging the vitality of water, then Chen Xing will be punished. The appearance of Chen Xing indicates punishment; it governs the judicial department and the regions of Yan and Zhao, and also represents the areas north of Yan, Zhao, and Dai. It symbolizes the prime minister and represents the spirit of violence and omens of war. Another interpretation suggests that in military campaigns, Chen Xing represents a subordinate general; in the absence of an army, it represents punishment. It must balance yin and yang and align with the seasons; if it cannot harmonize, an imbalance of cold and heat may occur, leading to a great famine in the country. The failure to appear when needed is referred to as "Ji Zu," signaling the outbreak of war. If it appears between Fang Xiu and Xin Xiu, an earthquake will occur. Another interpretation suggests that the swift movement of Chen Xing in and out often indicates the movements of the Yi Di people. The rise and fall of the barbarian tribes also depends on the movement of Chen Xing; if its color becomes yellow and diminutive, it indicates a violent earthquake is about to occur.
Five stars, differing in color and size, move along their respective orbits and change with the seasons. The color changes follow a pattern. If the star's color remains consistent and changes appropriately with the seasons, it is considered auspicious; if the color changes and deviates from the norm, it is inauspicious.
The position and direction of the five stars, along with which country is in power, determine that country's fortune. The Year Star (Jupiter) represents virtue, the Fire Star (Mars) represents etiquette, the Fill Star (Saturn) symbolizes prosperity, the Venus Star (Venus) represents strong military power, and the Water Star (Mercury) represents harmony between yin and yang. When the five stars move to a certain direction, if the color and direction match, and the star signs are strong, then this country wins; if the color and direction conflict, and the star signs are weak, then this country loses. When the stars occupy a tangible position, it signifies virtue; when they occupy an intangible position, it signifies a lack of virtue. If the color prevails over the direction and the movement is strong and complete, it indicates a significant victory. The Camp Constellations represent the Temple of Clarity, the Year Star's temple; the Heart Constellation is the Hall of Brightness, which is the temple of the Fire Star; the Southern Dipper is the Chamber of Literature, which is the temple of the Fill Star; the Kang Constellation is the Sparse Temple, which is the temple of the Venus Star; the Seven Stars are the Office Officials, which is the temple of the Water Star. When the five stars move into their temples, it is crucial to observe their movements closely and assess the signs of good or bad fortune. When the five stars move to a position of profit or loss, or are misplaced, their essence will descend to the human world and transform into people. When the Year Star descends to the human realm, it transforms into a high-ranking official; when the Fire Star descends, it becomes a child who sings, dances, and plays all day long; when the Fill Star descends to the human world, it becomes an old man or a woman; when the Venus Star descends to the human world, it becomes a middle-aged man living in the mountains; when the Water Star descends to the human world, it becomes a woman. The signs of fortune, whether good or bad, are determined by the circumstances in which they manifest.
The five planets, when Jupiter and Saturn align, will lead to internal strife and famine; with Mercury, there will be people plotting to change the status quo; with Mars, there will be famine and drought; with Venus, there will be people dressed in white causing disturbances, the constellations in conflict, internal turmoil in the country, and the wild army defeated, ultimately leading to floods. Venus is in the south, and Jupiter is in the north, called the year of the Ox, which could yield a good harvest or a poor one. When Mars and Venus align, it is ill-advised to go to war, as the army will be anxious, and they will find safety after retreating. When the Yin energy of Venus manifests, there will be a separation of families; when the Yang energy appears, the generals are likely to engage in battle. Mars and Saturn together will make people worry, indicating a sign of disaster. When Mars and Mercury align, the northern army will march into battle and will surely face defeat. There is another belief that this alignment indicates plots to alter the status quo, leading to certain drought. Saturn and Venus together will cause diseases, with people dressed in white causing disturbances, internal turmoil, and the country will lose territory. Saturn and Jupiter together will cause famine in the country. When Mercury and Venus align, there will be people plotting to change the status quo, and the army will be worried. If Venus passes through the middle and comes out, it will defeat the enemy, and the allied forces will prevail. If it comes out from below, the allied forces will lose territory; one can discern which army is destined to fail by observing the direction the flag points. If it surrounds Venus, it will be like being with the constellation, leading to a great battle where the allied forces will prevail.
In short, when Jupiter, Mars, Saturn, Venus, and Mercury fight, wars will occur, but the wars are not external; they are all internal turmoil. Two stars close together are called "合" (conjunction), and invading each other is called "斗" (opposition). When two stars are in close proximity, significant disasters are likely; when they are far apart, there is little to no impact. Disasters are bound to occur within a seven-inch radius.
If the moon blocks any one of the five stars, that country will perish. The Year Star (Jupiter) signifies famine, the Wandering Star (Mars) signifies unrest, the Satiating Star (Saturn) signifies slaughter, the Bright Star (Venus) signifies war among powerful nations, and the Morning Star (Mercury) signifies chaos instigated by women.
When all five stars enter the moon, there will be pursuits and bloodshed in the wild. The Bright Star (Venus) signifies that generals will be punished.
When the five stars gather together, the king of that country will be followed by all under heaven. The Year Star (Jupiter) calls for justice, the Wandering Star (Mars) calls for propriety, the Satiating Star (Saturn) calls for prestige, the Bright Star (Venus) calls for military might, and the Morning Star (Mercury) calls for law, each commanding the world in its own way.
If three stars gather together, it is called "Astonishing Establishment of Absolute Action," and wars will occur both inside and outside the country, as heaven punishes the people and replaces their lords. If four stars gather together, it is called "Sun," and the country will suffer military defeats and uprisings, with the honorable worrying and the petty fleeing. If all five stars gather together, it is called "Easy Action," and virtuous people will be celebrated, replacing the old ruler, ruling the four corners, and their descendants will prosper; while those without virtue will be punished, losing their land and destroying their ancestral temples, and the common people will leave, fleeing everywhere. When the five stars are prominent, events will be significant; when they're less prominent, events will be minor.
The five stars, you know, have different colors. If a star appears white and round, it indicates famine and drought. If the star is red and uneven in the middle, then caution is needed, as it foretells war, making everyone feel anxious. The blue star warns of floods; the black star signifies plague, with many deaths; the yellow star is a good omen. If the five stars show a red star with sharp angles directed towards our city, and the yellow star indicates land disputes, the white star signifies widespread cries, the blue star warns of war and anxiety, and the black star warns of floods. However, if all five stars are in their usual colors, the realm will be peaceful, everyone will live and work in harmony, singing and dancing, without disasters or diseases, and there will be abundant harvests.
Next, regarding the speed of the five stars' movements, if they move too slowly or too quickly, it’s not good; any irregular motion is even worse. If Mars (Yinghuo) moves too slowly, it does not enter the ecliptic; if it moves too quickly, it does not exit the ecliptic; if it strays off course, disaster is inevitable. If Mercury (Tianxing) moves too slowly, it does not return; if it moves too quickly, it overshoots; if it strays off course, disaster is inevitable. If Venus (Taibai) moves too slowly, it does not appear; if it moves too quickly, it does not enter; if it strays off course, disaster is inevitable. If Jupiter (Chengxing) moves too slowly, it does not appear; if it moves too quickly, it does not enter; if it does not appear when it should, disaster is inevitable. In summary, as long as these five stars move normally, there will be abundant harvests year after year.
These five stars, when they move in the sky, if they all gather in the east, it is beneficial for our country; if they all gather in the west, it is advantageous for foreign nations, which is good news for those who engage in military affairs. If Mercury (Chengxing) does not appear in the sky, Venus (Taibai) takes charge; if Mercury (Chengxing) appears, Venus (Taibai) becomes secondary. If Mercury (Chengxing) and Venus (Taibai) appear simultaneously but are not together, each occupying a different side, this is called "ge," indicating a standoff on the battlefield, but it won't lead to large-scale battles.
The five planets represent the five virtues. Sometimes they move within the ecliptic, and sometimes outside of it, just like the moon's phases of waxing and waning. Ultimately, they will return to their proper orbits; this pattern of movement cannot be easily calculated using simple arithmetic. Eastward movement is termed direct motion, while westward movement is known as retrograde motion. Direct motion is fast, while retrograde motion is slow, but overall, they are still moving eastward. If they neither move east nor west, it is called "stationary." If they are near the sun and cannot be seen, it is called "hidden." If they move at the same speed as the sun, it is called "conjunction." The phenomena of these five planets—stationary, moving, retrograde, direct, obscured, conjunction, transgressing, law, elevation, color change, and so on—reflect the gains and losses of politics, the five constant virtues, the five officials of governance, and the five matters of the time. By observing these changes, one can infer good fortune or bad luck.
Jupiter, Mars, and Saturn move slowly, and you can usually only see them in the sky at midnight. "At first, they appear alongside the sun, but later, their direct motion gradually slows, unable to catch up with the sun, and they are seen in the east in the morning." Initially, they appear almost simultaneously with the sun, but then they gradually slow down and cannot catch up, so they can only be seen in the east in the morning. As they keep moving, they drift farther away from the sun, and around midday, they come to a stop. "If they stop after noon, they will begin to move retrograde." After pausing for a while, they begin to move in the opposite direction after noon. When they move retrograde and approach midday in the evening, they stop again. "They stay put for a while before moving direct again, first slowly and then gradually faster, until they set in the west at dusk, then they appear with the sun again." After stopping, they begin to move direct, starting slowly and then speeding up, until they set in the west at dusk, then they appear simultaneously with the sun again.
Venus and Mercury, these two stars, move very fast and do not pass through the zenith. "After the beginning of the conjunction with the sun, they move faster than the sun and are seen in the west in the evening." From the start, they appear with the sun and move faster, making them visible only in the west in the evening. As they move farther from the sun, their speed decreases when evening approaches the south. "As they move farther from the sun before sunset, they slow down as they approach the south, and eventually stop." When their speed decreases to the maximum, they come to a stop. "After stopping and approaching the sun, they move in the opposite direction to meet it, becoming visible in the east in the morning." After stopping and moving in the opposite direction to the extreme, they stop again, then slow down, and when they are farther from the sun to the south in the morning, they accelerate to catch up with the sun, setting in the east in the morning, and then appearing simultaneously with the sun. This is the pattern of the five stars: some move fast, some slow; some go forward, some backward; some stop, while others continue—this is the general law. Dusk and dawn are the transition points between yin and yang; the south is the position of the sun and the trajectory of the movement of the heavens and earth. "When the seven luminaries reach the sun's position on the celestial path, they will decline, deviate, stop, and move backward, but they won't linger for long. This is the natural order of celestial bodies." Three stars pass through the zenith, while two stars do not, which is the law of movement known as "three stars passing through the zenith and two not."
The appearance, disappearance, stationary state, and movement of the five stars, whether they are in direct motion or retrograde, fast or slow, if they conform to the trajectories calculated by the calendar, then it is considered normal behavior, and the political landscape remains stable; if they deviate from the calculated trajectories, then it is considered abnormal movement. "Deviating from the calendar leads to chaotic movement. Chaotic movement is associated with evil stars and comets, resulting in national ruin, regime change, and calamities of war and famine." Abnormal movement will lead to the appearance of evil stars, comets, and other disasters, resulting in national ruin, dynastic change, as well as wars, famines, and other calamities.
In ancient times, people observed that the movement of the five stars exhibited direct motion, and it was not until the Qin Dynasty that the retrograde motion of Venus and Mars was first discovered. The Gan Shi calendar system and other calendars also have their differences. It was only in the early Han Dynasty that celestial phenomena began to be calculated, revealing that all five stars would exhibit retrograde motion, but few were able to observe this detail closely afterward. These celestial observations were significant as they influenced the understanding of the cosmos and its impact on the political and social order of the time.
Until the end of the Wei Dynasty, there was a man named Zhang Zixin from Qinghe, who was well-versed in various fields, particularly in astronomy and mathematics. To avoid the turmoil caused by Ge Rong's rebellion, he secluded himself on an island for more than thirty years, dedicating himself to observing the numerical changes in the movements of the sun, moon, and five planets using an armillary sphere, and deducing their patterns through calculations. He finally understood the rules of the conjunction of the sun and moon, the variations in their speeds, as well as the appearance and disappearance of the five planets, all influenced by specific forces. He said that the sun moves slower after the spring equinox and faster after the autumn equinox; if the new moon lies on the sun's path, a solar eclipse will occur; if it's outside the path, no eclipse will happen; a lunar eclipse will occur when the full moon meets the sun, regardless of the position. Additionally, when the moon encounters Jupiter, Mars, Saturn, and Venus, moving toward them speeds the moon up, while moving away slows it down. Each of the five planets has its own preferences among the four cardinal constellations. When they arrive at their favored constellations, they linger longer, move more slowly, and appear earlier; when they reach their disliked constellations, they stay shorter, move faster, and appear later. These deviations from the normal speed can vary by five to over thirty degrees. The movement and visibility of Venus, in particular, are quite unique. The morning star that should be visible after the Rain Water solar term and the evening star that should be visible before the Frost's Descent solar term are sometimes not visible. During the solar terms of Awakening of Insects, Start of Summer, Start of Autumn, and Frost's Descent, if the morning or evening star is within thirty-six degrees of the sun but more than eighteen degrees away, and one of the four planets—Jupiter, Mars, Saturn, or Venus—is present, it can be seen; otherwise, it cannot. Later, scholars like Zhang Xiaoxuan, Liu Xiaosun, Liu Zhuo, and others calculated these discrepancies and established the extent of solar eclipses and the patterns of appearance and movement of the five planets. This closely aligned with celestial phenomena, a feat that had eluded ancient scholars.
During the Liang Dynasty, Feng Chaoqing compiled the "Astronomical Records," comprising thirty volumes during the Tianjian period, collecting ancient astronomical records, charts, and accounts. Later, after the Zhou Dynasty conquered the Liang Dynasty, they obtained Yu Jicai and appointed him as the Minister of Astronomy, who compiled the "Lingtai Secret Garden" in one hundred and twenty volumes, with even more comprehensive observations. Now we will omit some records concerning miscellaneous stars, auspicious stars, evil stars, guest stars, meteors, and cloud shapes, and talk about others.
First, we have the Jingxing star, which is shaped like a crescent moon and appears at the new and full moon, assisting the moon in shining. Some say that this star is very large and hollow in the middle, while others say there are three stars located in the red aether, connected to the blue aether, with a yellow star in the red aether, also known as the De star. Next is the Zhoubo star, which is yellow in color and shines brightly; any country where this star appears will prosper. Finally, there is Hanyu, shining brightly like a comet, and when it shines brightly, it is seen as a sign of good fortune.
In the first scenario, stars can be seen during the day. If stars appear together with the sun, this phenomenon is referred to as "marrying a woman." When stars and the sun contend, military power weakens, civil governance strengthens, women hold power, and in the city, it signifies a funeral, while in the wilderness, it signifies war. Another interpretation suggests that when ministers are treacherous and the monarch is not wise, internal strife among subjects will lead to flooding. Additionally, if stars are visible during the day and rainbows do not disappear, it signifies that the subjects are talented, the stars outshine the sun, and a new king will emerge.
In the second scenario, the fixed stars are not visible. The fixed stars represent the ruling monarch. If the fixed stars are not visible, it symbolizes the betrayal of vassals, failure to assist the king, and failure to uphold the law, resulting in a lack of a ruling monarch. Another belief is that the absence of fixed stars signifies a lenient monarch and a decline in the law. Furthermore, if the emperor mismanages, the vassals will become unruly. If the common stars and constellations are not visible, it signifies the decline of the central vassals.
In the third scenario, star clusters falling foretell great chaos in the realm.
In the fourth scenario, shaking stars signify that the people will face hardship.
The fifth scenario: falling stars. When a big star falls, the sun loses its place; it signifies impending doom. Another belief holds that when many stars fall, people will lose their homes. Wherever stars fall, the regime of that country will change. When stars fall, battlefields will emerge, chaos will ensue, lasting for about three years. Wars will erupt where shooting stars fall, and nations will face destruction where constellations fall. When many stars fall, the people will suffer tremendously. When a star falls, the sea will flood; if a yellow star falls, the sea will surge. Some believe that if the "Ma Ben" star falls, the Bohai Sea will overflow. When stars fall like rain, the emperor becomes weak, vassals fight for power, and five hegemons take turns dominating, constantly changing alliances, with strong countries annexing weak countries.
When the stars leave the sky, it is like the people betraying the king. When the king loses his way and the rules are relaxed, the people will rebel. Therefore, when stars leave the sky and fall, it signifies impending doom. When a country faces war and disasters, stars will fall and transform into birds and beasts. When the world is about to perish, stars will fall and take the form of flying insects. During large-scale wars, stars will fall and transform into gold and iron. When floods occur, stars will fall and become mud. When a sovereign loses his kingdom in war, stars will fall and become grass and trees. When wars break out and sovereigns lose their kingdoms, stars will fall and become sand. When stars fall in human shapes, their goodness and evil are reflected in their actions. In times of great calamity, stars will fall and take the form of dragons.
It is believed that this ominous star represents the qi of the five elements, a sign of the changes in the movement of the five stars. By observing its position, one can predict which country will face misfortune. By analyzing its date of appearance and color, one can accurately predict which countries will prosper and which will decline! Generally, the appearance of this ominous star indicates countries that act unreasonably or disregard rules, foretelling wars, famines, droughts, floods, and epidemics.
There is another saying that the shapes of comets vary, but the disasters they bring are almost the same. Comets typically appear for no longer than a year. If they last for three years, it could lead to catastrophic events, likely resulting in the destruction of a country and the massacre of a city. When the ruler dies, chaos reigns, with soldiers clashing everywhere, corpses strewn across the battlefield, and countless lives lost. Even after the disaster passes, other disasters like floods, droughts, wars, famines, and plagues will follow in quick succession, leaving people breathless. Additionally, the size of the comet is associated with the severity and duration of disasters. A comet measuring three to five feet brings disaster for a hundred days; five to ten feet, one year; ten to thirty feet, three years; thirty to fifty feet, five years; fifty to one hundred feet, seven years; over one hundred feet, nine years. By careful observation, one can predict the occurrence of disasters very accurately.
Comets, colloquially referred to as broom stars, have a star-shaped head and a tail resembling a broom. Some are just a few inches long, while others can stretch across the sky. The appearance of a comet signals the approach of war and floods, sweeping away the old and ushering in a new beginning. Comets come in five colors, each corresponding to the essence of the five elements, with their own symbolic meanings. Historical accounts indicate that comets do not generate their own light but rather reflect the light of the sun. Therefore, at dusk, the tail of a comet points east; in the morning, it points west; and when the comet is on either side of the sun, the direction of its tail shifts with the sun's light. The light of a comet flickers and changes in length, and wherever its light falls, disaster is sure to follow.
Let's talk about the Bo Star; it is also a type of comet. A comet with a tail that leans to one side is called a comet, while one that scatters light in all directions is known as a Bo Star. The Bo Star is an unusual celestial phenomenon, a symbol of bad omens. If there are no major disturbances within the country, then there will be a great war outside the country; the princes of the world colluding with each other, deceiving each other, and plotting in secret will inevitably cause great harm. Yanzi once said: "If Your Majesty does not repent, the Bo Star will appear, so why fear the comet?" It can be seen that the disaster brought by the Bo Star is more severe than that of the comet.
Legend has it that the essence of the planet Jupiter transformed into several celestial phenomena such as Tianbao, Tianqiang, Tianhua, Tianchong, Guohuang, and Fandeng. Let's first talk about Tianbao, also known as Juexing, and some also call it Tiange. This star resembles a typical star, with a sharp tip, about 120 meters long. Its appearance signals impending misfortune for the country, and nothing should be done, let alone fighting! Some believe that within three months of its appearance, an army will certainly face defeat, and cities will fall. Some say that when Tianbao appears, it means that women will come to power, but this star is mainly related to rulers.
Next is Tianqiang; this star is primarily associated with capture and suppression. Some say it drags clouds like a cow, some say it carries clouds like a horse, and some say it is like a long spear, sharp on both sides and several zhang long. Tianchan, similar to Tianqiang, is also sharp, about one zhang long. Then there is the Tianhua Star; the appearance of the Tianhua Star signifies impending trouble. Some say that if the emperor acts recklessly, defies the will of heaven, and oppresses the people, then the Tianhua Star will appear.
Let's talk about the Tian Chong Star. This star looks like a person, wearing blue robes, with a red crown, and it remains motionless. Its appearance indicates the loss of official titles. Another saying goes that when the Tian Chong Star appears, ministers will plot rebellion, and armies will revolt. There is an even more frightening saying that the Tian Chong Star is seen crying before the Emperor while holding the North Star, with a blood-colored murky mist spreading across the world, foretelling impending disaster! Then there is the Guohuang Star, which is said to have formed after the scattering of the Ji Star. The Guohuang Star is large and red, similar to the Nanji Laoren Star. Its appearance signifies the need to eradicate treacherous officials and that internal strife will occur. When it appears, it means that war is imminent and that major events are about to unfold! It is said to hover just one or two zhang above the ground, like a massive torch. (By the way, there is also a Guohuang Star among the comets, with the same name, but different omens.) Lastly, there is the Fandeng Star, whose appearance signals division. It is akin to the Sidu Star and is located in the area of the Qinglong Seven Lodges. If someone intends to rebel, or is cruel by nature, harming the common folk, or neglecting the duties of spring, then this star will appear at a specific time. In short, the appearance of these stars is closely tied to the king's military endeavors. Speaking of the Yinghuo Star, its essence has morphed into several ominous stars, namely Xidan, Chiyou Flag, Zhaoming, Siwei, and Tianchan. First, let's talk about Xidan, also known as Zhaodan. It is said that its appearance heralds national decline. There is also a saying that if Xidan appears horizontally, stretching out like a boat oar for a hundred feet, it foretells that ministers will be killed.
Speaking of the Chi You flag, some people say it is formed by the scattering of spiraling stars, while others say it is caused by the movements of five stars. It looks like a comet, but it is curved like a flag. Another belief is that when there are no clouds in the sky for miles and suddenly a red cloud appears, that is the Chi You flag; some say it looks like a sieve, two zhang long with a star at the top; others say that if a country is in chaos and evil energy gathers, clouds resembling tall bamboo will appear in the sky, yellow on top and white underneath; this is the Chi You flag, signifying that the country is on the verge of invasion. Another belief is that when the emperor is about to get angry, the Chi You flag will appear; or when a tyrant is about to rebel, the Chi You flag will also appear. In short, it looks like a star, but curved like a flag, two to three zhang long. The appearance of the Chi You flag either signifies a king leading troops to war, with warfare breaking out in all directions; or it indicates that the country is about to experience a great calamity.
Next is the Zhao Ming, which is formed by the changes of the five stars in the west, representing the essence of gold. Some say it is formed by a red comet splitting apart. If the radiance of Zhao Ming disappears, it takes the shape of the Tai Bai star with seven rays, indicating the emergence of a dominant power. It is also said to be formed by the scattering of mechanical stars. Another belief is that a star appears in the west, about six zhang away from the ground, shining brightly, resembling the Tai Bai star, constantly moving, and upon closer inspection, it is red in color; this star from the west is known as Zhao Ming. Its appearance heralds a large-scale war, and when it appears, a disaster will unfold below; if it appears in the south, countries in the west will lose land. Some also believe that if Zhao Ming remains motionless like the Tai Bai star, it indicates the rise of a virtuous person; or if a large, white star with horns appears in the west, this is Zhao Ming, representing the essence of gold, its appearance heralding war. If it remains in the position of the Fang Xiu constellation, the country will experience a calamity, and even a massacre of a city may occur. When Zhao Ming falls, it becomes a celestial dog, and wherever it lands, large-scale warfare will erupt, resulting in rivers of blood.
Then there is the star Siwei; some say it is formed by the scattering of machine-like stars, while others say it is formed by the gas released from a white comet. If the Siwei star is stable, it foretells heavy internal contradictions in the nation. Some say that the Siwei star is very large, hairy, and has two horns, while others say it is like the planet Venus, often shifting and appearing red upon closer inspection. The appearance of the Siwei star indicates the rise of a powerful nation, signaling an attack on powerful princes. Another interpretation is that the appearance of the Siwei star signifies the ruler's immorality, resulting in a heroic uprising after eight years, with the emperor losing his throne due to tyranny, and talented ministers assisting the rightful ruler. Another interpretation is that the appearance of the Siwei star leads to conflict and bloodshed among neighboring states. Another interpretation is that the appearance of the Siwei star in the due west signifies a star of ill omen in the west, about six zhang away from the ground, large and white, resembling the planet Venus. In short, the appearance of the Siwei star either leads to war and the rise of a strong nation or to turmoil within the country, resulting in war below, which is very unfavorable.
Lastly, there is Tianchan, which is small and white, constantly shifting, hence referred to as the Chan star or the Zhan star, signifying bloodshed and retribution. Some say that when the Tianchan star appears, women will rule, but will ultimately be replaced by men. Another interpretation is that when the Tianchan star appears, there will be widespread slaughter, leading to war and famine, leaving behind scorched earth and countless white bones. Others say that when the Tianchan star appears, there will be rebellion within the country. Another interpretation is that the Tianchan star is the spirit of the sun, appearing in the region of the Red Bird Seven Mansions, indicating rebellion, tyranny, and the ruler losing their summer dominion.
Ancient astronomers believed that there were special celestial phenomena in the sky, predicting events that would occur on earth. They named these celestial phenomena as the Five Damages, the Six Thieves, Prisoner Han, Big Bian, Zhaoxing, Yulu, Bo, Xunshi, and Jijiu, a total of nine distinct types.
First, let's talk about the "Five Remnants." Some say it is formed by the scattering of the spiral stars, while others say it is formed by the scattering of a comet. In any case, it signifies the destruction and downfall of a nation. Some say it is divided into five parts, while others say it is a main trunk with five branches. It is said that nine years after its appearance, treachery will rise; and twenty-seven years later, the world will fall into chaos, becoming difficult to control. Another belief is that the "Five Remnants" are a manifestation of changes in the five elemental energies, appearing in the east as a symbol of wood energy. Others say that the Five Remnants, also known as the Five Seam, appears directly in the east, resembling the morning star, about six or seven zhang above the ground, large and white, foretelling disaster and death. While others say it appears in the east, about six zhang above the ground, large and red, with a closer look revealing a blue color inside. Another theory suggests that this star has a ring of blue halo around it, resembling hair, somewhat like the Year Star, and is referred to as the Eastern Wild Star, known as Five Remnants. Its appearance signifies the outbreak of war, and funerals will occur beneath wherever it appears; if it appears in the north, eastern nations will lose territory. Moreover, there are claims that when the Five Remnants appears, the Four Barbarians Star weakens, and the emperor will face urgent military issues. In short, various accounts agree that the Five Remnants is large and red, often moving, and upon careful observation, it reveals a blue interior, signaling the outbreak of war.
Next is the "Six Thieves." It is regarded as the manifestation of the five elemental energies in the south, symbolizing fire energy. Some say the Six Thieves resembles a comet in shape. Another belief is that it appears in the south, about six zhang above the ground, large and red, often moving, and upon closer observation, it is luminous, somewhat like Mars, and is referred to as the Southern Wild Star, known as Six Thieves. Its appearance signifies war and chaos within the nation, and there will also be funerals beneath wherever it appears. If it appears in the east, southern nations will lose territory. Another theory states that the Six Thieves appears directly in the south, about six zhang above the ground, large and red, frequently moving and shining brightly.
Then there is the Yuhan star, also known as "Xianhan." Some say it is formed by the dispersal of the authority star, while others say it is the manifestation of the energy of the five elements appearing in the north, symbolizing the energy of water. The Yuhan star is green with a reddish hue, with three comets appearing horizontally below it, signaling usurpation and the assassination of a ruler. Another theory is that it appears in the north, approximately six zhang above the ground, large and red, constantly moving. Upon closer observation, it appears dark bluish-green inside, somewhat resembling the Morning Star, known as the northern wild star, named Xianhan. Its appearance signifies the outbreak of war, indicating that funerals will occur below its appearance. If it appears in the west, nations in the north will lose territory. Another theory is that when the Yuhan star moves, the vassal lords will be alarmed, its appearance foreshadowing conspiracies and calamities.
The "Dabi" star signifies riots and clashes; the "Zhaoxing" star signifies the destruction of a country; the "Chuliu" star signifies great chaos in the world, forcing the monarch to flee, or rather, it signifies the monarch's self-destruction, leaving no way to escape. The "Fu" star appears in the southeast and was originally a normal star, but its tail resembles that of a fennel plant. Wherever it appears, the country will face calamities.
"Xunshi Star," some say it is formed by the scattered pivotal stars, while others believe it is formed by the fluctuation of the five stars. There is also a belief that it is an evil spirit, or a symbol of the mythical figure Chiyou. It is said to appear near the Big Dipper, shaped like a rooster, dark green in color, resembling a crouching turtle. Others believe it is formed by the splitting of a yellow comet, meaning "it is about to begin." Its shape is like a rooster, containing yang energy within the earth, merging with white, with vitality like a rooster; therefore, it is considered an omen for the changing of monarchs. It is said that ten years after its appearance, sages will rise and replace the old dynasty. It also forebodes war, chaos, and disaster. Its appearance will lead to the downfall of kings, chaos, widespread death, and even acts of cannibalism. Its appearance signifies rebellion by subjects, military uprisings, and cruelty by feudal lords. Another belief holds that on Wuxu day, one should observe the Five Chariots, Tianjun, Tianku, and other constellations. If there are strange phenomena, it is the Xunshi Star. It is shaped like a bird with a beak, and its appearance signifies the outbreak of war, and those who confront it will be defeated and perish. However, some say that if it appears near the Big Dipper, sages will be appointed, the emperor will enjoy longevity, and the king will be favored. Finally, the appearance of the "Jijiu" star signifies that subjects will dominate the monarch, or the monarch will initiate a large-scale war. Some believe it represents the essence of the earth, in the region of the Big Dipper, overseeing the four directions and the position of Sikong. If rebellion occurs, this star will manifest. It is said that the essence of the Venus star scattered into eight star patterns: Tianchu, Tianzhu, Fuling, Dabai, Sijian, Tiangou, Tiancan, and Zuqi.
First is the Heavenly Mace, which governs the rise and fall of sheep herds. Then there is the Heavenly Sickle, which presides over the occurrence of disasters. Next is the Spirit of Deceit, which controls the spread of slander. If the Spirit of Deceit star appears, chaos will break out, and the people will suffer. The Star of Great Defeat, on the other hand, dominates wars and conflicts. Some say that the appearance of the Star of Great Defeat signifies that conspiracies and schemes are about to succeed. The Star of Deceit, fittingly named, foretells the emergence of evil and wickedness.
Next is the Heavenly Dog Star. Some believe it is a convergence of five stars, appearing in the southwest, resulting from the convergence of Venus and Mars. Others say the Heavenly Dog Star is said to have fur and is accompanied by small comets, resembling a dog overall, and its appearance signifies war and the subjugation of rebels. There are also claims that the appearance of the Heavenly Dog Star foretells conflicts among five generals. Some say the Heavenly Dog Star is located in the northwest, extending three zhang, formed by the convergence of Mercury and Venus. Another belief is that in the northwest, there are three large and white stars, which is the Heavenly Dog Star. Once the Heavenly Dog Star appears, widespread wars are destined to erupt, famine will occur, and even tragedies of cannibalism may arise. It is said that where the Heavenly Dog Star falls, fierce wars will inevitably happen, armies will be defeated, generals will be killed, corpses will lie everywhere, blood will flow like rivers, and the Heavenly Dog Star will devour this flesh and blood. These disasters may occur within one, two, or three years, with the timing depending on the country where the Heavenly Dog Star falls, thus inferring fortune and misfortune. (The Heavenly Dog Star mentioned later in the context of meteors shares the same name, but the omens differ.)
Finally, there is the Tian Can Star, which symbolizes greed and cruelty. There is also the Zu Qi Star; once it appears, disasters will arrive unexpectedly, various signs of calamities will emerge, and ministers will seize power. Some say that the Star of Zu Qi is the essence of Shaoyin, similar to the Grand Marshal, located in the area of the White Beast constellation, which indicates rebellion and the dangers of tyranny, foreshadowing errors in autumnal decrees. Its fulfillment time aligns with the previously mentioned celestial phenomena, and calamities will follow suit.
The essence of Chen Star is divided into seven star signs: Wang Shi, Po Nu, Fu Shu, Mie Bao, Rao Ting, Jing Li, and Da Fen Si. First, let's discuss Wang Shi. Some say that the Filling Star transforms into Wang Shi; others say that the Machine Star disperses into Wang Shi; still others say that Wang Shi is produced by the changes in the five stars, resembling a bow and arrow. It appears as a huge meteor, dark in color, moving like a snake, seemingly adorned with hair and eyes, several lengths of fabric long, brightly appearing in the sky. It foreshadows the signs of rebellion, suggesting that foolish individuals will be struck down. Some also say that a black comet splits into Wang Shi. Wang Shi means to shoot. When Wang Shi appears, it signifies the gathering of rebel armies, and those struck down may also be used to suppress the uprising. Some also say that if a monarch is tyrannical, Wang Shi will appear. Another belief holds that Wang Shi resembles a meteor, appearing with a tail and eyes, about the length of a piece of fabric, brightly appearing in the sky. When it appears, a large-scale war will break out, generals will go to war, using bows and arrows, lasting approximately three years. In short, wherever Wang Shi appears, conflicts will arise, a sign of shooting and destruction.
Next comes the Broken Maiden. If the Broken Maiden star appears, both the ruler and his ministers will be overthrown; it is a sign of victory. Then there is the Revolving Star. When the Revolving Star appears, the world will fall into chaos, becoming disturbed and disordered. Some also say that the Revolving Star governs the changes of the seasons. The Destruction of Treasures star appearing signifies mutual attacks. Others claim that the appearance of the Destruction of Treasures star foretells war. The Surrounding Court star appearing indicates the emergence of rebellion. The Startling Reason star appearing signifies the appointment of ministers. The Great Sacrifice star appearing indicates the invitation of disaster. Others claim that the appearance of the Great Sacrifice star signifies peace and stability. The essence of the Moon within the realm of the Seven Mansions of Xuanwu, if there are plots of rebellion or tyranny causing the disruption of winter's governance, then the consequences will be as foretold above, and disasters will manifest. Some also say that the five types of star essences lie hidden in ponds, appearing in ways similar to the crimes committed; deviant behavior and subordinates imitating one another, taking the opportunity to create chaos, are all signs of demise. If entering the emperor's constellation, it signifies destruction, and the feudal lords will have five hundred plots.
Now speaking of the Heavenly Edge star. The Heavenly Edge star, shaped like the tip of a spear, signifies maneuvering and stratagems. When the world sees maneuvering and stratagems, the Heavenly Edge star will appear. The Torch Star, shaped like the Venus star, will not move once it appears and will soon disappear. Some also say that three comets appear on the main star. Where the Torch Star appears, that city will fall into rebellion. Some say that where the Torch Star shines, the city will fall into turmoil. Others say that where the Torch Star appears, notorious thieves may arise, but ultimately, they will fail.
There are many records of celestial phenomena in the sky. First, let's talk about the comet-like star, also known as the "Péng Star." It appears as a flickering flame in the night sky; sometimes you can see four or five of them, and other times just one or two. Some say it extends several zhang in length in the southwest direction, with pointed ends, and its position changes easily after it appears. Others describe this star as yellowish-white, roughly one meter square, and resembling a clump of cotton. If it appears, it signifies that a person with great Taoist skills will emerge, common people will also rise to prominence, and there will be peace and abundant harvests. However, there are also claims that if the comet comes from the Big Dipper, there will be territorial disputes among feudal lords, leading to the demise of states that lose territory and the outbreak of war. In short, when this star appears, major events are likely to unfold within three years. There is another belief that if the comet appears in the Taiwei constellation (an ancient star grouping), the emperor will establish a new king.
Next is the Chang Geng star, which looks like a cloth-like figure hanging in the sky; its appearance signifies that war is imminent. Then there is the Si Tian star, that appears in the four corners of the earth, approximately six zhang above the ground; others say it’s four zhang, and others describe it as large and red, appearing only two zhang above the ground and only at midnight. The appearance of the Si Tian star foretells war within ten months. There is also a belief that if this star appears in any of the four corners, war will occur in that direction.
Now let's turn our attention to the Di Wei Zang Guang star. This star results from the transformation of the five elements and is formed by the condensation of the earth's energy through the four seasons. Some describe this star as large and red, about two to three zhang above the ground, resembling the moon, and is called Di Wei Zang Guang upon its initial appearance. It appears in the four corners, seeming to be about four zhang above the ground, red and yellow, and it may exhibit a wobbling motion. Similar to the Si Tian star, it is a central wild star, and when it appears in the four corners, it is called Di Wei Zang Guang. If it appears in the northeast corner, there will be catastrophic floods; in the southeast corner, there will be a devastating drought; in the southwest corner, there will be war; and in the northwest corner, there will be widespread chaos and extensive warfare. There is another belief that when the Di Wei Zang Guang star appears, those who commit evil will perish, while virtuous people will prosper.
Next, we have the Nu Bo Star. This star is formed by the transformation of the five elemental forces (metal, wood, water, fire, earth) and appears in the northeast direction, where the energies of water and wood combine. Some say that when a star three zhang (approximately 3.3 meters) long appears in the northeast, it is called the Nu Bo Star, and its appearance signifies that there will be wars or major funerals in the world. Another saying is that when a large star appears in the northeast, it is called the Nu Bo Star, and its appearance indicates that there will be significant funerals in the world.
Next is the Thief Star, which is also formed by the transformation of the five elemental forces and appears in the southeast direction, where the energies of fire and wood combine. Some say that when a star three zhang long appears in the southeast, it is called the Thief Star, and its appearance signifies a surge of thieves and bandits everywhere.
Finally, there is the Ji Ling Star, which is also formed by the transformation of the five elemental forces and appears in the northwest direction, where the energies of metal and water combine. Some say that when a star three zhang long appears in the southwest, it is called the Ji Ling Star, and its appearance signifies that there will be frost, wars, poor harvests, and famine.
Speaking of celestial phenomena, the tenth kind is called the "Duan Star." This Duan Star is generated from the convergence of the energies of the five elemental forces and will appear at the intersection of the stars of metal, wood, water, and fire in the four corners. In the four corners, a large red star will also appear, and upon closer inspection, it is yellow inside. This star is said to be always in motion and can be about four zhang long! This is the manifestation of the energy of earth in the four seasons, and it is called the "Four Corners Duan Star." The appearance of this star indicates that large-scale wars are about to occur.
Next is the eleventh kind, called "Hun Chang." A star will appear in the northwest direction, surrounded by blue and red energies, with red in the center and blue on the outside; this is called "Hun Chang." When this star appears, it signifies that there will be wars in the world, and the ruling power will change hands. Those who take action first will thrive, while those who wait will face downfall. If the star is ten zhang high, the world will be in chaos for a year; if it is twenty zhang high, chaos will last for two years; if it is thirty zhang high, chaos will last for three years.
The twelfth kind is the "Shen Star." A star will appear in the northwest direction, appearing to have two rings, and is called the "Shen Star." When this star appears, the feudal lords will lose their territories, especially the countries in the northwest.
The thirteenth kind is called "White Star." This star resembles a star but isn't quite one, shaped like a cut melon, signifying a victorious battle, hence the name "White Star." When the "White Star" appears, men will face misfortune.
The fourteenth kind is "Tu Chang." The "Tu Chang" star that appears in the northwest is surrounded by a red and blue halo, indicating disaster, with blue representing water. When this star appears, a great change will occur in the world.
The fifteenth kind is called "Ge Ze," shaped like a burning flame. Some claim that the "Ge Ze Star" is yellow on top and white on the bottom, rising from the ground with a blunt bottom and pointed top. When this star appears, there will be a bountiful harvest without any need for farming. Some also say that without civil engineering, important figures from neighboring countries will visit, possibly within a year or two. Another saying is that the "Ge Ze" star is bright red like fire, burning fiercely in the sky, with the same color both above and below, stretching from east to west across the sky, extending for four to five miles. This is a change in the planet Venus, and its appearance signifies impending war, with corpses littering the fields and rivers of blood flowing, lasting for three years.
The sixteenth kind is called "Gui Xie," resembling a star yet not quite a star, resembling a cloud yet not quite a cloud. Some say it has two red comets flying upward, with a star-like gas on top and connected stars below. Some also say that when this star appears, a country will definitely submit.
The seventeenth kind is "Meng Star," with red gas appearing at night, resembling a flag with teeth, varying in length, drifting in all directions, most commonly in the southwest. Some refer to it as the "Knife Star," which signals great chaos in the world. Some also say that the sky is filled with thin clouds, with red and yellow gas appearing in all directions, three feet long, disappearing and reappearing. Some believe that the appearance of the "Knife Star" will herald war everywhere, with battles and rivers of blood. Another saying is that the sky is filled with thin clouds, with eight streams of pale-colored gas converging from all directions, three feet long, disappearing and reappearing.
During the Han Dynasty, Jing Fang wrote a book titled "The Book of Wind and Auras," which includes the "Chapter on Gathering Stars." The book records the mysterious stars that appear next to the moon, surrounded by colorful square clouds, all appearing on the Five Yins Days, corresponding to the clouds produced by the five planets.
It is said that the Tianqiang star emerges from the Ji constellation; the Tiangen star is born from the Wei constellation; the Tianjing star from the Xin constellation; the Zhenruo star from the Fang constellation; the Tianyuan star from the Zhi constellation; the Tianlou star from the Kang constellation; and the Tianyuan star from the Zuo Jiao constellation. These stars are all associated with Jupiter. On the day of Jia Yin, when they appear, two green squares are beside them.
Next, the Tianyin star is born from the Zhen constellation; the Jinruo star from the Yi constellation; the Guanzhang star from the Zhang constellation; the Tianhuo star from the Qi constellation; the Tianque star from the Liu constellation; the Chiru star from the Gui constellation; and the Chiyou star from the Jing constellation. These stars are all associated with Mars. They appear on the day of Bing Yin, and there are also two red squares beside them.
The Tianxing star, Tianfa star, Congxing star, Tian Shu star, Tian Zhai star, Tian Fei star, and Jing Comet are all associated with Saturn. They appear on the day of Wu Yin, and beside them are two yellow squares.
Now, let's talk about the Ruoxing star from the Shen constellation; the Zhuxing star from the Zi constellation; the Ruohui star from the Bi constellation; the Zhuohui star from the Mao constellation; the Qiang star from the Wei constellation; the Ling star from the Lou constellation; and the Bai Guo star from the Kui constellation. These stars are all associated with Venus. They appear on the day of Geng Yin, with two white squares beside them.
Finally, the Tianmei star from the Bi constellation; the Tiangong star from the Shi constellation; the Tiandu star from the Wei constellation; the Tianma star from the Xu constellation; the Tianlin star from the Nu constellation; the Tiangao star from the Niu constellation; and the Duanxia star from the Dou constellation. These stars are all associated with Mercury. They appear on the day of Ren Yin, with two black squares alongside.
The thirty-five stars mentioned earlier are all formed from the energies of the five elements, emerging from the gases around the moon. Their appearances have approximate dates. If these stars are seen before they officially appear, it could spell disaster! They foretell impending floods, droughts, wars, deaths, famines, turmoil, and other calamities, even the loss of the nation or territory, the king's sudden death, military defeat, and the deaths of generals.
According to ancient astronomers, the five stars—Zhou Bo, Laozi, Wang Pengxu, Guohuang, and Wenxing—were referred to as "guest stars." These guest stars move across the sky, and each country has its corresponding star regions. The appearance of a guest star in a particular region indicates what good or bad omens may arise in that country.
The Zhou Bo star is large, yellow, and shines brightly. If it appears, it indicates that the country is headed for war or facing funerals, with widespread famine forcing the common people to flee. The texts also mention another star that resembles the Zhou Bo star but has different omens. The Laozi star is large and bright, with a soft white light. Its appearance may bring famine, disasters, or good fortune; in any case, the outcomes are unpredictable. The appearance of the Laozi star usually indicates impending warfare, causing great concern for the ruler. However, if the ruler issues a general amnesty, disasters can be averted. The Wang Pengxu star resembles a fluffy cotton ball, drifting gently. Its appearance signifies that the country will go to war, experience funerals, and many people will gather in white clothing; the nation may face famine or even extinction. There is also a saying that the Wang Pengxu star is a shimmering blue, and where it appears, the climate becomes erratic, droughts strike, crops fail, and locusts become especially abundant. The Guohuang star appears large, with a yellow and white color, and appears to have horns. Its appearance foretells war, significant upheaval in the country, and possibly floods or famines; the ruler will be very angry, and the common people will suffer from many illnesses.
Wenxing, the star, is white, very large, and appears to sway like a breeze, often seen in the four corners of the heavens. If it appears in the southeast, it signifies that war is imminent, with generals leading troops into battle; in the northeast, it indicates a large-scale war will occur a thousand miles away; the same is true for the northwest; if it appears in the southwest, that country will go to war, and there may also be devastating floods and famine. The texts further state that if Wenxing appears in the southeast, it foretells that the great general is trapped and unable to deploy troops; in the northeast, it indicates that within a three-thousand-mile radius, corpses will litter the land; the same is true if it appears in the west.
In summary, the area where the guest star appears and whether it lingers there can be used to judge fortune or misfortune based on its color. The larger the star, the greater the event; the smaller the star, the lesser the event. A yellow star represents good fortune, a white star signifies funerals, a blue star indicates worry, a black star represents death, and a red star signifies war. Judging by these five colors, these events will not exceed three years. There is also a saying that if the guest star enters the area corresponding to officials in the constellations, the nature of the events can be discerned from its location and the titles of the officials. The direction in which the guest star moves is the direction of the event's development; the nations it traverses will face calamities; the constellation where it lingers reveals the timing of these events; and the conflicting relationships among the five elements account for the reasons behind these events.
A meteor is like an angel. When it falls from the sky, it's called "falling," and when it flies upward, it's called "flying." The larger ones are referred to as "rushing," which is also a type of meteor. It makes a rumbling sound, resembling an angry presence. If it's big and dim, it concerns the common people; if it's small and luminous, it concerns the nobles; if it's big and bright, that pertains to influential and well-liked figures. If it flickers, it's a sign that bad people are facing doom. A big head and a small tail indicate fear and anxiety; a small head and a big tail signify that good things are on the way. If it winds like a snake, it represents treachery. If it flies very fast, it means it won't return once it departs. A long meteor suggests enduring matters; a short meteor indicates that things will wrap up quickly. Where a meteor falls, war is sure to follow. When there's no wind or clouds and a meteor suddenly appears, lingering for a long time, it foretells a strong wind that could topple houses and snap trees. A flurry of small meteors flying everywhere signals that the common people are likely to migrate. The shapes of meteors vary, and their meanings in divination also differ; these are simple summaries I've compiled based on ancient texts and records from "Jingzhou Divination."
The tail of a meteor is two or three zhang in length, shining brightly and illuminating the entire sky. The white one is the monarch's messenger; the red one is the general's messenger. The meteor shines yellowish-white, falling from the sky and making a sound like a flaming torch, causing wild chickens to cackle; this is truly a blessing from above! Where the meteor falls, the country will be safe and joyful, with favorable winds and timely rains. A blue and red meteor is called "earth goose," and where it falls, there will be a rebellion. A shining blue and red meteor, two or three zhang long, is called "heavenly goose," symbolizing elite forces; the country will rise, and the general should follow the direction of the meteor. A shining white meteor, long and piercing through the sky, is the star of the ruler; the commander and the army should follow the direction of the meteor. In summary, a meteor the size of a water jar signifies a conspiracy to rebel; one the size of a peach indicates a mission is about to be undertaken. A meteor as large as a big jar, with a dark red light and a shape like a bird's beak, is known as "beam star," and where it lands, war will break out, and the ruler will lose territory.
Have you ever seen stars falling from the sky? The "stars" noted by ancient people were far more spectacular than the meteors we see today! Speaking of which, those shooting stars are as big as massive vats, even as big as large water jars! They have a bright white light trailing behind, low in the front and high in the back; this is called "dunwan." It is said that when this kind of star falls, it is often accompanied by many deaths, and the country will lose land without fighting, which is quite strange! There is another kind of flying star, also this big, with white light trailing behind, but it is low in the front and high in the back, swaying up and down; this is called "falling stone." Where this star falls, the common folk will go hungry, which is truly unfortunate! There is also one called "jie xian," where the flying star lands, the white light will turn into a winding shape, like a wheel, and the people in that place will kill each other over titles and pay, slaughtering one another, just as horrifying as animals eating one another!
There is another kind of shooting star, which also carries white light behind it, several zhang in length. After the star fades, the white light behind it will drift down gently and turn into clouds, called "Da Hua." It is said that where it falls, blood will flow like a river, and corpses will pile up, which is terrifying to think about! There is also a kind called "Tian Xing," some people call it "Tian Shi." This shooting star has white light behind it, long, stretching over ten zhang, and winding. When this kind of star falls, could this be considered a strange omen?
Next, let's talk about "Tian Gou." This phenomenon resembles a rushing star, is yellow in color, and makes a sound! When it falls to the ground, it takes on the shape of a dog, and from afar, it looks like a blazing fire that shoots straight into the sky! It is pointed on top and round on the bottom, about the size of several fields. Some say this Tian Gou star is covered in hair, with short comets beside it and a dog shape below. Some say that when the Tian Gou star appears, it shines in red and white, sparkling brightly, and after landing, it becomes the shape of a Tian Gou. There is also a saying that a shooting star with light and a human face can be seen, landing silently, as if it has grown legs, which is also referred to as Tian Gou. Its color is white, with yellow inside, and the yellow part looks like embers. The appearance of the Tian Gou star foretells impending war, battles in all directions, defeat of armies within a thousand miles, and generals being killed. Others claim that when five stars clash, it leads to cannibalism, and where it falls, blood will flow like a river. The rulers will lose their territories, wars will break out, and political power will change hands; therefore, vigilance must be heightened. My divination results are the same as what was said before.
Finally, let's talk about "Ying Tou Xing." When this phenomenon is known as Ying Tou Xing, clouds will fill the sky, resembling a cataclysmic collapse of mountains and earth. Where it falls, the army will face total annihilation, and blood will flow for miles! Some believe that shooting stars that fall during the day are referred to as Ying Tou Xing.
In addition to these ominous signs, the ancients also recorded some auspicious signs. For example, this phenomenon is known as Qingyun, also referred to as Jingyun. It is a sign of celebration, symbolizing a peaceful and prosperous era. "Changguang" is also a type of auspicious sign, which resembles a red dragon; when a sage rises and the reign of the emperor is nearing its end, this auspicious sign will appear.
The first omen is the rainbow phenomenon, which is a rainbow phenomenon appearing next to the sun. This foreshadows impending turmoil, confusion among the people, a debauched king, ministers plotting against the monarch, the emperor being dominated by his consorts, or the ruler indulging in the beauties of the harem, with many wives and concubines.
The second omen is the sheep cloud, that resembles a dog and is entirely crimson with a long tail. The appearance of this cloud indicates that the ruler will face calamities and the army will suffer losses.
