Song Yin, courtesy name Chumo, was from Jiexiu, Shanxi. His great-grandfather Song Sheng served as the governor of Jinchangli and later became the chief of staff under Murong Xuan; his grandfather Song Huo was the Minister of the Central Secretariat; his father Song Gong was the Minister and Governor of Xuzhou. After Murong Jun relocated the capital to Ye, Song Gong settled in Guangping. From a young age, Song Yin was particularly filial; at thirteen, he had adult ambitions, dedicated himself to his studies, and never underestimated the challenges of warfare. He later worked under Murong Chui, serving successively as a minister, a palace attendant to the crown prince, and a deputy magistrate. After the founding emperor pacified Zhongshan, he appointed Song Yin as a minister in the Personnel Department. After the emperor returned to the north, he permitted Song Yin to continue assisting Wang Yi in overseeing Zhongshan in his original position. Soon, Song Yin was promoted to Right Vice Minister of the Executive Council, while concurrently managing official appointments, still retaining his original office. He repeatedly requested retirement due to his advanced age and frailty, but the founding emperor did not agree. Later, after the death of his mother, Song Yin returned to his hometown. After his mother was buried, the court summoned him again, but he firmly declined, citing illness. However, local officials continually pressed him to accept the position, and reluctantly, Song Yin had to leave his wife and children and hide. He eventually hid in Jing County, Changle, where he passed away a few years afterward. Before his death, he told his sons and nephews: "As long as you remain filial to your parents and older brothers, and be friendly with your neighbors, even if you only attain the position of a county clerk, as long as you serve with loyalty and integrity, that is sufficient; there is no need to seek an official position in the capital. I worry that you might not achieve wealth and status, but instead become a burden to the family. If you disregard my words, you will be unfilial sons; even if my spirit is aware, I will not return to accept the offerings you make." Song Yin had five sons.
His third son, Song Wen, was conscripted during the reign of Emperor Shizu and became a Doctor of the Central Office. After his death, he was posthumously granted the title of General of Establishing Might and appointed as the Governor of Yuzhou, and was enfeoffed as a marquis. Song Wen's younger brother, Song Yan, distinguished himself in battle during Emperor Xianzu's first campaign against Pengcheng and was granted the title of General of Mingwei and appointed as the Governor of Jibei. Song Yan's son, Song Fu, styled Boyu, served as a deputy in the province. Song Yin's younger brother, Song Fu, styled Churen, was known for his generosity and ambition from a young age, was well-versed in literature, served as a deputy in the province, but died young. Song Yin's uncle, Song Qia, served as a Minister under the command of Murong Chui. During Emperor Taizu's siege of Zhongshan, Song Qia led his troops to defend the northern city wall. Many officials and soldiers were killed or injured in the area under Song Qia's command, which infuriated Emperor Taizu. After the city was breached, Emperor Taizu ordered the execution of Song Qia, and his sons Song Shun and Song Xun were both subjected to mutilation as punishment.
The fourth son, Xuan, styled Daomao, was only a few years old at the time, and his family secretly fled to escape the chaos of war. Later, he was conscripted along with Lu Xuan from Fanyang, Gao Yun from Bohai, and his cousin Yin, and was appointed as a Doctor of the Central Office. Not long after, he concurrently served as a Cavalry Attendant and worked for Liu Yilong. He was later promoted to General of Champion and enfeoffed as Marquis of Zhongdu, and also served as Deputy Minister of the Central Office, acting as the Colonel of the Registry. He died in the seventh year of the Zhenjun era, and was posthumously granted the title of Colonel of the Registry, receiving the posthumous name Marquis Jian.
His son, Mo, styled Qianren, inherited the title. He later passed away while serving as the Governor of Liaoxi. Another son, Luan, styled Zhenhe, also inherited the title and served as the Governor of Dongguan. Luan's younger brother, Qiong, styled Puxian, was famous for his filial piety from a young age. When his mother fell ill in late autumn and particularly craved watermelon, Qiong dreamed of her desire and searched everywhere until he found one. People at the time regarded it as quite miraculous. After his mother passed away, he was repeatedly summoned by the local government to take up official positions, but he respectfully declined each time. He ultimately died at home.
There was another son named Zhongmei, who served as the Minister of Water Affairs during the Wuding period.
Next, we turn to Wang Xian, also known as Xianze, a native of Beihai. His grandfather, Wang Meng, was the Prime Minister of Fu Jian; his father, Wang Xiu, was the Prefect of Hedong. Wang Xian lost his father at a young age and was raised by his uncle, Wang Yong, in Ye City. Later, after Fu Pi declared himself emperor, he appointed Wang Yong as Prime Minister. Unfortunately, Wang Yong was assassinated by Murong Yong, so Wang Xian fled to Qinghe, seeking refuge among the common people. It wasn't until the Huangshi era, when the emperor's carriage passed through Gaoyi in Zhaojun, that Wang Xian came out and surrendered. Upon seeing him, the Emperor remarked, "This is Wang Meng's grandson!" He treated him with great favor, appointing him as the Chief Administrator of the Province, responsible for selecting officials and overseeing Secretariat affairs. Upon Emperor Shizu's ascension to the throne, Wang Xian became the Minister of Justice. He was subsequently appointed Prefect of Shanggu, promoted to General Zhonglei, and titled Gao Tangzi. He was renowned for his integrity and exemplary leadership, significantly improving local customs. He was soon promoted to a senior official and later ascended to a high-ranking position. He held two posts within the Ministry of Justice, handling cases with great propriety, which pleased the Emperor. He was then promoted to Marquis of Juxian and subsequently elevated to General Longxiang. He later served as the Inspector of Bingzhou, promoted to General Annan, and titled Duke of Beihai, ensuring stability in the regions he governed. When he returned to the capital, as a senior statesman, the Emperor specially rewarded him with silks, fine fabrics, delicacies, and a lavish feast. He passed away during the Tian'an era at the age of eighty-nine, posthumously honored as General of Zhen Nan and Inspector of Qingzhou, and conferred the posthumous title of Kang.
His son, Wang Chong, inherited his title but died young. His grandson, Wang Zhongzhi, succeeded him, holding the positions of Attendant of Zhongshan, General of Anxi, and Inspector of Youzhou, renowned for his integrity.
Chong Diyi, courtesy name Daozhang, became a student of the Central Secretariat due to his father's influence when he was young, and gradually rose to the position of Minister of the South. When Emperor Gaozu first ascended the throne, he was sent to inspect Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yanzhou, and Yuzhou to pacify the newly loyal subjects and investigate local customs and conditions. Upon returning, he was promoted to Minister of the South, a position he held for fourteen years. At that time, the southern provinces were overwhelmed with affairs, official documents piled up like mountains, and the gates were packed with people lodging complaints. Diyi had a refined and gentle personality but was slow and indecisive in his work, spending his days sitting around, dozing off drowsily. Li Su, Deng Zongqing, and others were known for their keen insight and diligence in handling government affairs, yet both of them were executed, while over a dozen others were dismissed or removed from their posts. Only Diyi managed to save his own skin in the end. At that time, people remarked, "He really seems foolish and drowsy, yet in the end, he preserved his life." Later, he was further promoted to Court Attendant and Right General, and was granted the title of Marquis of Dongping. Not long after, he was appointed as General of An Dong, and his title was upgraded to Duke of Le'an. Subsequently, he served as a Commissioner, General of Zhenxi, and Governor of Qinzhou. His title was later changed to Duke of Huashan, while he retained the position of Court Attendant. Finally, he returned to the court to serve as a high-ranking official in the imperial court, and later died.
His son Zu Nian inherited his title and became the Governor of Dongping; his title was subsequently downgraded to Marquis in accordance with regulations. After his death, he was posthumously granted the title of General of Ning Shuo and Inspector of Guangzhou. Zu Nian's younger brother was named Yun, courtesy name Luohan, and he was known for his elegance. He started as a Gentleman of the Secretariat and later was promoted to a Palace Attendant, then transferred to Deputy Commander of the Provincial Army and Minor Official in the Court of Rites, before changing to Minor Official of the Imperial Guard. He later served as General of Champion, Secretary, and Inspector of Yanzhou, and soon was promoted to General of Conquering Bandits. While in Yanzhou, he became embroiled in a bribery scandal after being found to have accepted bribes from Du Yu, the commander of the Jing Mountain garrison, and embezzled silk from the government. After being discovered, the Censor indicted him, handing him over to the Supreme Court for trial. He was later pardoned during a general amnesty. In the second year of Xiping, he passed away while in office and was posthumously granted the title of General of Pacifying the South and Inspector of Yuzhou, with the posthumous name Wen Zhao. He had nine sons.
His eldest son was named Xin, courtesy name Yuanjing, and he served as the Crown Prince's Grand Master at the end of the Wuding period. Xin's younger brother, Hui, courtesy name Yuanxu, was clever and talented from a young age, serving successively as a Gentleman of the Court of Rites and a Palace Attendant. After his death, he was posthumously granted the titles of Attendant of the Cavalry, General of Town Guard, and Inspector of Yanzhou. Hui's younger brother, Gan, courtesy name Zhongming, served as a Secretary and a Registrar of the Minister of Works. He was killed by bandits during the Tianping period.
Qu Zun, courtesy name Zipi, was from Tuohe in Changli, Hebei. He was well-educated and exceptionally talented, earning significant fame during that era. He served as the Chief of Staff to Murong Yong and achieved the rank of Duke of Wuyuan. After the fall of Murong Yong, the Emperor of Later Yan, Murong Chui, appointed him as the County Magistrate of Boling.
Later, the founder of Northern Wei marched south to quell the rebellion, and the emperor’s entourage reached Lukou. Shen Yong, the Prefect of Boling, fled across the Yellow River, Cui Xuanbo, the Prefect of Gaoyang, fled to the coast, and most of the local officials fled. Only Qu Zun said to his people, "Back in the day, the Yan army suffered a great defeat at Baoshi. Now Murong Chui is fighting outside and has not returned. The heavens have abandoned Yan, and the people can no longer endure. Emperor Tuoba Tao of Wei is both wise and martial, appointed by the heavens, kind and generous, good at accepting talents, commanding a million-strong army with unified commands. This is truly a military force akin to that of Kings Tang and Wu! I wish to surrender to Northern Wei, and I hope you will strive as well. Don't wait for good luck to come before bringing disaster upon yourselves!" So, Qu Zun surrendered to the founder of Northern Wei.
The founder had long been aware of his reputation and treated him with great honor. He appointed him as the Minister of the Central Secretariat, responsible for conveying the emperor's orders and overseeing the drafting and issuance of documents. After the Central Plains were pacified, the founder granted him the title of Marquis of Xiacaizi. Later, he followed the emperor back to the capital, where he passed away at seventy.
His son, Qu Xu, inherited his title and was appointed Prefect of Changle County, promoted to General of Zhenyuan and further elevated to Marquis of Xindu. After his death, he was posthumously granted the title of General of Ningbei and Marquis of Changli, with the posthumous title of Gong.
Qu Zun's youngest son, Qu Chuzhen, succeeded him. After Qu Chuzhen passed away, his son, Qu Chequ, inherited the title. During the reign of the Northern Wei's founding emperor, Qu Chequ was appointed as the General of Dongyang. After his death, he was posthumously granted the title of Governor of Qingzhou, with the posthumous title of Zhuang.
Chang Ziyuan, styled Changsheng, was a calm and composed person. He managed the family business at a young age and was particularly skilled in calligraphy and accounting. During the reign of Taizu, he worked in various departments. By the time of Taizong, he was promoted to the position of Director of the Imperial Workshops, overseeing the various departments in the capital. After Shizong ascended to the throne, Chang Ziyuan gradually rose to the position of Right Vice Minister, and he was also granted the title of Shizhong. Due to his contributions in the Battle of Pingliang, he was conferred the title of Duke of Jibei and further appointed as General of Pacification. Later, he was reassigned to the position of Commander of the Imperial Guard. While Gongzong was still in the Eastern Palace, Chang Ziyuan served as tutor to the Crown Prince. He later led troops on an eastward campaign and was appointed as General of Zhendong. When the army was stationed in Helong, Feng Wentong sent cattle and wine to reward the troops and presented three thousand sets of armor. Chang Ziyuan reprimanded Feng Wentong for not providing gifts for the Crown Prince and rebuked him with the emperor's decree, ultimately taking away six thousand men and women.
In the court, Chang Ziyuan was known for his fairness, and both inside and outside the court praised him for his just handling of affairs. Shizong trusted him greatly, entrusting him with many governmental matters, and when the emperor went on campaigns, he often remained in the capital. He and Duke Luru Yuan of Xiangcheng were both granted residences, and Shizong frequently visited their homes, bestowing lavish gifts. In the fourth year of the Zhenjun era, Chang Ziyuan died after falling from his horse at the age of fifty-five. At that time, Shizong was in the Yin Mountains, and Gongzong sent someone to hasten the report. Shizong was deeply saddened and lamented, saying to the messenger, "You have caused the death of my good minister; why are you still riding a horse?" He then ordered them to return on foot. Later, Chang Ziyuan was posthumously granted the title of General of the Western Expedition and given the posthumous name Chenggong.
Chang Ziyuan's eldest son, Chang Ziguan, passed away at a young age. Shizong sympathized with him and bestowed a noble title upon his son.
The elder brother of Changzi, Changzi Daoci, inherited the ancestral title. When he was young, due to his father's connections, he served in the palace. He gradually rose to the position of Chief Attendant, later promoted to Minister of State, and granted the title of Grand Master of the Palace. He was skilled in horseback riding and archery, and was very eloquent, gaining the favor of Emperor Shizu. He followed Emperor Shizu in campaigns against the Gaiwu and was promoted to Right Minister of Personnel, receiving the title of Palace Attendant. While returning from Yanmen, he suddenly fell ill and died, posthumously granted the title Duke Ai.
Changzi Daoci's son, Changziba, inherited the title. Changziba had a keen interest in the study of yin and yang since childhood. Remembering the achievements of his father and grandfather, Emperor Shizu appointed him as a Southern Official when he was fourteen. At that time, Emperor Shizu was on a southern campaign and captured the general Hu Shengzhi of Liu Yilong, assigning him to Changziba for custody. Changziba, after getting drunk, failed to guard Hu Shengzhi, allowing him to escape. Emperor Shizu was furious and ordered his execution. Just as the execution was about to take place, Emperor Shizu, feeling sorrowful, said, "If the spirits have awareness, when Changsheng inquires about his descendants, how should I respond?" Thus, he pardoned Changziba and demoted him to a minor official. Later, Emperor Xianzhu, recognizing him as a descendant of an illustrious family, appointed him as the governor of Yingzhou. After his death, his son Changzi Yongxing inherited the title.
Zhang Pu, styled Xuanze, was a native of Xiuwu in Hanoi, originally named Zhang Mo, later changed to Zhang Pu. He was a descendant of Zhang Yan, the Grand Commandant of the Han Dynasty. His father, Zhang Pan, served as the Inspector General and Minister of War under Murong Chui, renowned for his integrity. From a young age, Zhang Pu inherited his father's character, was well-versed in history and classical texts, and was known for his uprightness and caution, gaining widespread recognition. He successively held the positions of governor of Yangping County and governor of Hejian County under Murong Bao, and later became the Left Chancellor. Later, when Emperor Taizu conquered Zhongshan, many officials under Murong Bao were demoted, but Emperor Taizu, upon hearing of Zhang Pu's reputation, still appointed him as the Left Chancellor.
During the Tianxing era, Zhang Pu was promoted to the position of Grand Master of the East and later to Grand Minister of the Interior Affairs due to his integrity, caution, and uprightness. After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, Zhang Pu was appointed as the Grand Minister of the Inner Court and granted the title of Taichangzi, taking part in the adjudication of various cases. He never accepted private audiences and was renowned for his fairness and integrity.
During the Taichang era, the Dingling tribe, led by Zhai Mengque, gathered forces and forced the common people to flee to the White Mountains, planning a rebellion. The court ordered Zhang Pu and the Governor of Jizhou, Changsun Daosheng, to launch an expedition against them. While Changsun Daosheng and his allies wanted to launch a direct attack with a large army, Zhang Pu said, "The reason the common people are following Zhai Mengque isn't that they want to rebel, but because they are forced to submit to his ruthless power. If we directly press forward with a large army, even if the common people want to turn back, they won't have any way to do that. They will be afraid of being killed and will surely unite to resist the imperial army, then hide in the mountains relying on the difficult terrain, deceiving and manipulating the common people. In this case, the situation would become very hard to manage. It would be better to send envoys to persuade them first, assuring those who didn't join Zhai Mengque's conspiracy that they will not be held accountable, so they would likely be willing to surrender." Changsun Daosheng strongly agreed with his opinion and reported his suggestion to the court. Emperor Taizong ordered Zhang Pu to persuade the surrender before the army. As a result, thousands of families surrendered, and Zhang Pu settled them safely. Zhai Mengque and more than a hundred of his confidants fled, but Zhang Pu, Changsun Daosheng, and their allies pursued and captured Zhai Mengque, and sent his head back to the capital.
Later, Liu Yu led his troops to invade the region north of the Yellow River. The court appointed Zhang Pu as the General of the Southern Central Army and the Colonel of the Southern Barbarians, to assist General Changsun Song in resisting Liu Yu. After Liu Yu captured Chang'an, Zhang Pu returned to the capital. Later, Zhang Pu was granted the title of Marquis of Shouzhang. He and Duke Anping, Shusun Jian, led troops to cross the plains eastward and recaptured the prefectures of Qingzhou and Yanzhou, previously occupied by Liu Yifu. The court further promoted him to General of the Army and Inspector of Jizhou. He also attacked Qingzhou with Shusun Jian, but ultimately failed to capture it and returned.
After Emperor Shengzu ascended the throne, he felt that the Pu family was poor, with the wife and children unable to eat their fill or dress warmly, so he sent him to be the Inspector of Xiangzhou. During his tenure, the Pu family supported the weak, curbed the strong, promoted good people, and dismissed bad ones, resulting in a flourishing local community. He passed away in the third year of the Guangchu era at the age of seventy-two, and the people mourned his passing deeply. While alive, Pu was a strategist for the court, leading troops in battle multiple times, and he was consistently held in high regard by the court. After his death, the court posthumously granted him the title General of the Eastern Peace and Duke of Guangping, with the posthumous name Wen Gong.
His son, Pu Zhao, was very ambitious and principled. During the Tianxing era, due to his father's status as a meritorious minister, he was selected as a student of the Imperial Academy. After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, Pu Zhao became the Chief of Staff and later inherited his father's title. During the Shenwu era, he followed the army to campaign against the Ruanruan and was promoted to the title of Marquis of Xiuwu in recognition of his military achievements, also being granted the title General of the Peaceful Distance. In the second year of the Yanhe era, he was appointed Inspector of Youzhou, allowed to establish a government, and was further promoted to General of Ningdong. At that time, Youzhou had suffered years of poor harvests, and the granaries were empty, leaving the common people emaciated and starving. Pu Zhao said to the officials and the people, "Why am I so unpopular, especially at this time?" He then had the wealthy assist the poor, encouraged those with money and vehicles to go to other places to buy grain and transport it back, and persuaded the impoverished populace to farm and raise silkworms. This led to a bountiful harvest that year, earning him the people's praise. He passed away three years after taking office.
His son Pu Chang inherited the title, but passed away at a young age. Pu Chang's younger brother, Pu Lingfu, was appointed as Doctor of the Imperial Secretariat in the eighth year of Zhenjun's reign. During the peaceful years, the people of Xianyang County, led by Zhao Chang, rebelled, which caused widespread panic among the populace. The court ordered Pu Lingfu to go and pacify the people, and only then did the people resume their daily lives. In the early years of Tian'an, he was promoted to the position of Deputy Minister of the Imperial Secretariat and was bestowed the title of Changguozi. During the Yanxing period, he was dispatched to investigate the local customs of Nanyu Prefecture. In the fourth year of Taihe, he was appointed as General of Jianwei and Governor of Guangping. He later served as Deputy Minister of Personnel and Grand Judge of Sizhou. He then served as General of Zhenyuan and Inspector of Qizhou. In the sixteenth year, he was transferred to the position of Inspector of Guangzhou and granted the title of Loyal General. He eventually passed away.
Pu Guhun, styled Yuanchong, was a native of Changli. His father, Pu Yan, was exceptionally strong, able to draw a three-hundred-catties bow, demonstrating remarkable bravery in his time. He once served as an official under Murong Chui and rose to the rank of General of Guangwu. General Hun inherited his father's sense of chivalry at a young age, with a bold and righteous character, always ready to stand up against injustice. However, because his parents were still alive, he exercised restraint and kept a low profile. Later on, he later altered his previous demeanor, began to diligently study the classics, expanded his reading to a wide variety of texts, and adopted a scholarly appearance. During the reign of Emperor Taizu, General Hun was selected to serve as a guard in the palace due to his skill in clerical script. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, he was promoted to General of the Vanguard and accompanied the emperor on a tour through Henan. Upon his return, he was chosen to serve as an attendant to the Crown Prince in the Eastern Palace. After Emperor Shizu took the throne, he was appointed as Deputy Minister of the Imperial Secretariat and was bestowed the title of General of Zhenwei. Later, he accompanied the emperor in the campaign against Helian Chang and was granted the title of General of the Valiant Cavalry. He was subsequently promoted to Palace Attendant, General of Annan, concurrently serving as Minister of Rites, and was granted the title of Duke of Puyang.
General Hun was a principled person of integrity, with a firm and upright character, and he had little regard for those whose interests did not align with his. However, he was very loyal to his old friends, and even when he became wealthy, he remained humble. His contemporaries praised him for this. He was honest and upright in the government, held in high esteem by Emperor Shizu, who ordered General Hun's descendants aged fifteen and older to be enrolled in the Imperial Academy. In the spring of the second year of Yanhe, General Hun died. Emperor Shizu was very grieved, personally mourned him, gave him a lavish burial, and posthumously granted him the title Duke Wenxuan.
His son, Hun Chan, styled Chongji, nicknamed Changming, succeeded him in the title. When he was young, he served in the Eastern Palace under the Crown Prince, and later gradually rose to become General of Pingnan and Inspector of Xiangzhou. He eventually returned to the court and held a high position. He died in the fourth year of Yanxing, posthumously named Duke Jian.
Hun Chan's younger brother, Hun Jisun, succeeded him in the title. He started as a student in the Imperial Academy, then entered the court as a secretary, and later rose to the position of Grand Master of the Central Department. He was eventually sent to serve as a general in Tujing Town.
Hun Chan's son, Hun Hong, styled Yuansun, studied at the Imperial Academy as a youth. Emperor Shizu thought he was clever and had the demeanor of his ancestors, so he sent him to lecture on the classics to Emperor Gaozong. After Emperor Gaozong ascended the throne, because of their prior connection, he appointed him as a Cavalier Attendant and Chief of the Southern Region. He was later promoted to the position of Imperial Secretary and granted the title of Duke of Xingyang. However, Hun Hong was greedy and lived extravagantly. His servants and concubines wore lavish silk garments, and he amassed great wealth, but his greed only intensified. When the uncle of Emperor Xianzu, Li Jun, and others arrived in the capital, the court issued them clothing, but Hun Hong intercepted these clothes. The authorities investigated this incident, uncovering all his prior acts of corruption and bribery, which ultimately led to his execution.
Ziying was a remarkable individual! He climbed the ranks, starting as a local official in Qingzhou, eventually attaining the title of General Who Pacifies the East, Cao Canjun for Prince Yutian of Guangling, a Junior Official in the Imperial Guard, a Secretary, and a Minister of State Affairs, and he was additionally granted the title of General Who Maintains the Peace. Later, he was promoted to a Junior Official in the Imperial Guard, and not long after, he became a Grand Master of the Central Secretariat. During the wars in the Shu Kingdom, the Governor of Yizhou, Fu Shuyan, was sent out as the vanguard, and Ziying temporarily took over the duties of the Governor of Yizhou. After that, he was appointed as an acting envoy, General Who Pacifies the North, and Governor of Liangzhou, although he did not assume the role of Governor of Liangzhou and was instead appointed as a Junior Minister of the Imperial Treasury, with the additional title of Former General. Unfortunately, he passed away in the second year of the Divine Turtle period. After his death, he was posthumously honored with the titles of General Who Pacifies the East and Governor of Yingzhou, with the posthumous name "Zhen."
His son Zuan, styled Lingshao, was quite educated. He initially served as a Doctor at the Imperial Academy, later becoming a Court Censor. He was then promoted to the position of Official of Historical Records, and served as the Governor of Sishou Province, a Yellow Gate Official, and a Junior Official in the Imperial Guard. He also served as a Court Attendant and also served concurrently as a Minister of the Palace. He ultimately rose to the rank of General Who Rides and Left Minister of State, and also held the title of Grand Justice of Yingzhou. However, during his time as an Official of Historical Records, he contributed to the compilation of the national history, but unfortunately did not make any significant contributions.
Zuan's younger brother Shihui, styled Shaoda, had a passion for music and literature from a young age. He initially served as a Mourning Official for Emperor Shizong, and later became a Court Attendant. During the Zhengguang era, he entered the palace to serve the emperor and was highly favored by Emperor Suzong. When Yuan Cha was removed from office, Empress Ling took power again, and Shaoda contributed significantly during this time. He was promoted to the position of Advisor, and soon after became a Junior Official in the Imperial Guard, General of the Hall, and Minor Minister of the Honglu. He was also granted the title of Duke of Yuancheng, with an estate of seven hundred households. However, later on, as the Empress favored Zheng Yan, she worried that Shaoda might speak unfavorably about Zheng Yan to the emperor, so she often looked for opportunities to assign Shaoda away. Shaoda, infatuated with wealth and status, was reluctant to leave the capital. As a result, the Empress falsely accused him and orchestrated his execution.
Gongsun Biao, styled Xuanyuan, was a native of Guangyang in Yan County. He traveled widely in his youth to pursue his studies and was a scholar. Later, he was appointed as an official by Murong Chong. After Murong Chui captured Changzi, Gongsun Biao followed Murong Chui into Zhongshan. When Murong Bao fled, he returned to the court. He was once sent on a diplomatic mission to Jiangnan, where he performed his duties diligently. He was then appointed as an official and later became a scholar. Earlier, the founding emperor observed that Murong Chui's sons each held significant power, leading to constant power struggles and ultimately the downfall of the country. He also believed that the customs of the country at the time were simple and the people's desires were few, and it was dangerous to easily provoke their desires and lead them to pursue profit. Gongsun Biao understood the founding emperor's intentions and presented a twenty-volume edition of "Han Feizi," which the founding emperor was very pleased with.
During the early years of Emperor Taizong's reign, General Yuan Biao was defeated in battle for participating in the suppression of a rebellion led by the Hu people in Tujing. He had previously advised the chief commander, Qu Tutong, and Emperor Taizong greatly admired his foresight, so he bestowed upon him a noble title. Later, there was a famine in the Hexi region, and the Hu people led by Liu Hu gathered refugees and rebelled, invading Henan from Shangdang. The court ordered Yuan Biao to quell the rebellion led by Liu Hu and instructed him to coordinate with Yao Xing, the garrison commander in Luoyang, to prepare defenses along the southern bank of the Yellow River before launching the attack. At that time, there was mutual suspicion and infighting among the Hu people, and Yuan Biao saw that they were on the brink of collapse, so he ignored the garrison commanders and directly led his troops to attack. However, due to disorganized military commands, they were ultimately defeated by the Hu, with heavy casualties among the soldiers. Emperor Taizong was very displeased with this.
Later, Liu Yu attacked Yao Xing. Yanzhou's governor, Wei Jian, heard that the enemy was coming, so he abandoned the city of Huatai and fled. The court ordered Yuan Biao to accompany Shouguang Hou Shusun Jian to garrison at Fangtou. In the seventh year of the Taichang era, Liu Yu died, and the court discussed the reclamation of lost territories in Henan. Tang Taizong believed that as long as they seized the land north of the Huai River, cities like Huatai would naturally surrender. However, Yuan Biao insisted on prioritizing the capture of the cities first, and Tang Taizong accepted his suggestion. So he appointed Xi Jin as the commander, Yuan Biao as the general of the Wu army, and the Governor of Guangzhou. Xi Jin and others crossed the Yellow River; Yuan Biao besieged Huatai but was unable to capture it after a prolonged effort. Tang Taizong then undertook a southern campaign to support them. Yuan Biao and others finally captured Huatai, then advanced westward, defeating the generals of Liu Yilong, such as Zhai Guang, at Tulou, and then besieged Hulao. When Tang Taizong's carriage arrived in Jijun, Shichang's son Su Tan and Taishi Wang Liang reported that Yuan Biao stationed his troops to the east of Hulao, failing to occupy advantageous terrain, which resulted in his inability to eliminate the enemy in time. Tang Taizong always liked to study divination, and coupled with previous grudges, seeing that the attack on Hulao was unfavorable, suffering heavy casualties among the troops, he dispatched an assassin to strangle Yuan Biao in his tent during the night, at the age of sixty-four. Since the enemy had just retreated, Tang Taizong kept this a secret to cover it up.
Yuan Biao initially maintained a good relationship with the Bohai people, but they refused, which caused Yuan Biao to harbor resentment. Later, the Feng family was apprehended by Sima Guofan; Tang Taizong wanted to pardon them because the Feng family was an old clan, but Yuan Biao insisted on pressing charges against the
Gong Sun Gui, styled Yuanqing, gained fame for his literary talent as a young man and was appointed as a Zhongshu Lang (a high-ranking official) during the reign of Emperor Taizong. Later, he accompanied the emperor on military campaigns and was promoted to Sima of the various armies. After Emperor Shizu subdued Helian Chang, he permitted the generals to enter Helian Chang's treasury and freely take gold and jewels. While other generals loaded up with as much as they could carry, Gong Sun Gui took nothing. The emperor personally presented him with gold as a reward, saying, "You truly are someone who doesn't greedily take wealth! I am rewarding you additionally to highlight your integrity in front of others."
Later, Gong Sun Gui also served as the Grand Minister of Rites and was ordered to confer the title of King of Nanqin on Yang Xuan. When he reached the borders of Nanqin, however, Yang Xuan did not come out to greet him. Gong Sun Gui reproached Yang Xuan, saying, "In the past, when Wei Tuo held a territory, he prostrated himself in submission when Lu Jia arrived, which is why he is remembered in history. Now you, as a king, show no respect at all; that’s not how a subject should act!" Yang Xuan had his subordinate, Zhao Kezi, reply, "The Son of Heaven treats the whole world as his home; where is not a royal court? That is why I dare to request entry before receiving the title." Gong Sun Gui replied, "Even envoys entering a territory are expected to be welcomed properly; how much more so when it’s by the Son of Heaven’s command? I will take the edict back!" Yang Xuan became frightened and hurried to the outskirts to accept the title. After Gong Sun Gui returned, he reported this to the emperor, who was quite pleased, thereby promoting him to Shangshu, granting him the title of Duke of Yan, and additionally appointing him as General of Pingnan.
Liu Yilong sent his general Yao Zongfu to cross the Yellow River and attack Yeban. Emperor Shizu, worried that the enemy might push further north, dispatched Gong Sun Gui to garrison Huguan. At this time, the Dingling people in the Shangdang region rose in rebellion, and Gong Sun Gui quelled the rebellion. He was subsequently appointed as the general of Hulao Town.
At first, Emperor Shizong wanted to head north and used the commoners' donkeys to transport provisions, instructing Gongsun Gui to send these donkeys to Yongzhou. Gongsun Gui ordered each donkey owner to be rewarded with an extra piece of silk before accepting the donkeys. The people murmured, saying, "Donkeys are all the same, whether they have strength or not, as they all have something on their backs." Everyone laughed at him. Later, Gongsun Gui was held responsible by the court and was summoned back to the capital. In the second year of the Zhenjun era, Gongsun Gui passed away at the age of fifty-one. After Gongsun Gui's death, Emperor Shizong said to Cui Hao, "When I passed through Shangdang, the local elders claimed: Gongsun Gui accepted bribes and turned a blind eye to bandits, so the evil men have not been completely eliminated until now; this is all Gongsun Gui's doing! When he first came, he was alone, riding a horse carrying a whip; when he left, he had over a hundred carts, carrying many things southward. The leader of the Dingling tribe insulted Gongsun Gui on the mountain, Gongsun Gui was furious and captured the mother of the person who insulted him, stabbed her in the genitals with a spear and killed her, saying, 'How could you raise such a rebellious son!' Then he dismembered the Dingling leader, hanging his limbs separately on trees on the mountain to express his rage. This is an unforgivable act! Fortunately, Gongsun Gui died young; if he were still alive, I would have definitely wiped out his entire family!" In the end, he took a wife from the Feng family, and they had two sons: Bin and Rui. Bin inherited the title, later became a high-ranking official in the imperial capital, but unfortunately passed away in the second year of the Zhengguang era, and was posthumously honored as the Inspector of Youzhou.
Another son, Rui, whose courtesy name was Wenshu, started out as a minor official in the Eastern Palace and gradually rose to the Chief of the Ceremonial Department, and was eventually granted the title of Duke of Yangping. At that time, Emperor Xianzu was building a palace in the royal court and ordered the ministers to come up with a name. Rui said, "I have heard that nothing is more esteemed than the emperor, and the humility and brilliance of the Son of Heaven are truly unparalleled. Your Majesty, if you follow the virtues of Tang Yao and Yu Shun, cultivate your character, and transcend the mundane, the name of this palace should reflect your wise intentions. I believe 'Chongguang Palace' is the most suitable name." Upon hearing this, the emperor found it quite good and adopted his suggestion. Later, Rui passed away while serving as Minister of the South, and posthumously was awarded the title of General of Andong and Inspector of Youzhou, with the posthumous title Xuan.
Rui's wife was the sister of Cui Hao, and they had a son named Liang, styled Zunbo. He was bright and eager to learn, eventually becoming the Left Minister, demonstrating great talent and earning the favor of Emperor Gaozu.
Liang's younger brother was Heng, styled Daojin. Liang gave up his title for his younger brother, and Heng later became the Officer of Justice. Because of his other achievements, Liang was granted the title of Marquis of Changping, which was later passed down to his son Chongji.
Gui's younger brother, named Zhi, was well-educated and had a talent for writing. He started out as a low-ranking official in the Imperial Academy and was later promoted to the rank of Doctor. At one point, Emperor Shizu launched a campaign against Liangzhou and left Prince Yidu, Mu Shou, to assist Emperor Gongzong. During this time, the Rouran invaded the borders, and their cavalry reached near the capital city, striking fear into the hearts of the people. Mu Shou trusted Zhi, treating him like a military strategist. Zhi, who enjoyed fortune-telling, was assured by fortune-tellers that the enemy would not advance, so he made no preparations. His negligence nearly led to the country's downfall. He later repented, submitted several memorials of advice, and was eventually promoted to a high-ranking official position. In the ninth year of the Zhenjun era, he passed away and was posthumously honored with the title of General of the Central Guards, a Marquis of Guangyang, and given the posthumous title "Gong."
His other son, Sui, styled Wenqing, started out as a low-ranking official in the Ministry of Personnel. His hard work led to his gradual promotion to Chief of the Southern Bureau. He wrote excellent memorials and later earned a promotion to Chief of the Southern Bureau, was granted the title of Marquis of Fanyang, and appointed as Left General. Emperor Gaozu also ordered Sui, along with Zhang Shu, the Commander of the Imperial Guards and Duke of Shanggu, to lead troops against Xiao Ze's forces in Wuyin.
Emperor Gaozu and Empress Dowager Wenming summoned the nobles and ministers. Gaozu asked Wang Sui, "In recent years, we have reduced the number of superfluous officials in the capital region and the three departments of the capital. Has this been beneficial to the people?" Wang Sui replied, "Previously, the people were uprooted and the officials were too numerous, making it difficult to manage things in an orderly manner. Since the reduction of superfluous officials, the people's tax burden has been reduced, and the benefits have indeed been substantial." The Empress Dowager remarked, "Many people say there are no benefits, but your perspective truly understands the way of governing a country!" Then, the emperor ordered that each soldier who returned after being captured at Liyang be rewarded with twenty pieces of silk. Wang Sui also established corresponding reward levels according to their ranks, which pleased Gaozu. According to custom, Wang Sui was expected to be granted the title of marquis but was instead made the Earl of Xiangping. Later, he was appointed as the chief envoy, General of the East, and Governor of Qingzhou. Because of Wang Sui's remarkable achievements during his tenure, the court specially issued a decree to commend him, appointing him as General of the East, concurrently serving as Colonel of the Eastern Barbarians, with his position as governor remaining unchanged.
In the nineteenth year of Taihe, Wang Sui died while in office. Emperor Gaozu held a mourning ceremony for him at Ye Palace. At that time, the officials in Qingzhou were puzzled by the funeral arrangements for Wang Sui. Therefore, the emperor issued a decree saying, "Nowadays are different from ancient times, and funeral rites also vary. If we strictly follow ancient rites, it will contradict the current situation; if we strictly follow modern rites, it will greatly deviate from tradition. We should weigh the pros and cons between the two, carefully consider the gains and losses, and also consider the actual situation of officials and the people, and not act rashly. The chief registrar, based on recent customs, officials should don mourning attire after their death, and mourning attire may be removed following the funeral. It can be handled according to the old rules. Other officials do not need to don mourning attire; the elaborate funeral rites are overly complicated and can be based on the mourning customs of the local populace, wearing mourning attire for three months."
Wang Sui's son, Wang Tongshi, inherited his title and later died while in office.
Wang Tongqing, the younger brother of Wang Tongshi, is loyal, honest, and meticulous. He has served as a military officer in the Ministry of War and in the Cavalry Office of Li Chong. He followed Li Chong on a northern expedition and was known for his integrity.
Wang Sui and Wang Rui are cousins, but Wang Rui's talents do not match those of Wang Sui. Additionally, Wang Rui's mother is from the Feng family, and his wife is from the Cui family; while Wang Sui's mother is from the Yanmen Li family, and his family's status and influence are greater than those of Wang Rui. Zhu Jizhen, the Prefect of Julu, is very knowledgeable about the people in the north. He often says, "Scholars should take marriage seriously. Wang Sui and Wang Rui are cousins, but their destinies and experiences are very different, which is enough to illustrate the impact of marriage on one's career."
Zhang Ji, also known as Shidu, was from Xihe. His father, Zhang Qianqiu, was the valiant general under Murong Yong. After Murong Yong's downfall, Zhang Ji sought refuge in the court. The Emperor Taizu admired him greatly, appointed him as General of Establishing Virtue, and bestowed him the title of Marquis Chengji. He fought for the court and achieved great success. He passed away in the later years of the Dengguo era.
He was well-read from an early age, spoke clearly and logically, and was good-looking. Emperor Taizu liked him very much, kept him close as an attendant, and alongside Gongsun Biao, he became an attendant. Later, he was promoted to Cavalry Attendant and inherited the title.
In this way, he rose steadily, gaining the Emperor's favor and trust. What an enviable career path this is!
First, Yao Xing deployed troops to attack Luoyang, and Sima Dezong (descendant of Sima Yan, son of Sima Yi) sent a messenger to Yang Quanqi, the governor of Yongzhou, requesting assistance from Wang Zun of Changshan. Wang Zun of Changshan reported this to Taizu (referring to Tuoba Gui of Northern Wei). Taizu then sent Ji to serve as Wang Zun of Changshan's attendant, carrying a reply to Yang Quanqi.
After Ji returned from Xiangyang, Taizu asked him about the situation in Jiangnan. Ji reported, "Sima Changming is dead, and his son Dezong has taken over. The states and counties he controls are fighting among themselves. Although the situation has stabilized slightly, the ruler is weak, the ministers are strong, and there's no discipline whatsoever. When we got to Xiangyang, Yang Quanqi asked me, 'How many troops did Wei have when they attacked Zhongshan?' I said, 'More than 300,000.' Yang Quanqi then asked, 'How many soldiers and horses did Wei have?' I replied, 'The elite cavalry in the central army had over 10,000, and the rest were countless.' Yang Quanqi said, 'How could they possibly defeat the Qiang tribe with just these troops?' He then asked, 'After Wei captured Zhongshan, how many families were relocated to the north?' I answered, 'Over 70,000 households.' Yang Quanqi said, 'Where did they set up their capital?' I replied, 'They established it in Pingcheng.' Yang Quanqi said, 'With that many people, why do they even need fortifications?' He then asked, 'Is the Wei Emperor planning to make Pingcheng the long-term capital, or will he relocate it?' I said, 'I have no idea.'"
Yang Quanqi heard that the court would not build the capital in Shandong and smiled with delight, saying, “The peace between the Jin and Wei Dynasties is a thing of the past, not the present. The Qiang bandits are cunning and frequently invade the Heluo region, and we worry about it every night. Now we are weak, our granaries are empty, and it’s only natural for us to join forces with you, and there’s nothing to hide. We are counting on Wei to rescue Luoyang, and if we can preserve it, we will certainly reward you greatly. If the Qiang breach our defenses, we’d prefer Wei to occupy it.” We wanted to split our forces and head to Yangzhou. Yang Quanqi said, “The barbarian rebellions are constant, and moving by water is quite challenging. The Wei army has already occupied Huatai; returning from there and heading east via the northern route is more convenient and quicker. The legal system in Jin is different from that in Wei. Now I serve as the governor of Xiangyang, responsible for external affairs. If we need to launch a campaign, we’ll take action first and then inform the court. If the situation does not allow for military action, we do not need to accept orders from the court.” The Emperor believed that Ji's response was very appropriate, so he heavily rewarded the envoy and promised to assist Luoyang. He was later promoted to the position of envoy attendant and went to serve as an envoy for Yao Xing. Because he successfully completed many missions that pleased the emperor, he was granted the title of General of Victory. He often accompanied the emperor on northern campaigns, offering strategies and earning significant merit. The emperor rewarded him with over a hundred servants, hundreds of cattle and horses, and more than twenty sheep. He passed away in the fifth year of Tianzi’s reign. His son Duoluo inherited his title but was later stripped of it due to misconduct.
Li Xian, courtesy name Rongren, was a man from the Lu Nu tribe of Zhongshan. He changed his original courtesy name due to a taboo concerning the name of Emperor Gaozu. He loved learning from a young age and was skilled in divination and physiognomy, becoming a disciple of Zhang Yu of Qinghe, who held him in high regard. He once served as a Shangshu Lang under Fu Jian. Later, Murong Yong heard of his reputation and invited him to serve as his strategist. Li Xian counseled Murong Yong to seize control of Changzi City, and Murong Yong then proclaimed himself emperor, appointing Li Xian as Huangmen Lang and Secretary of State. After the fall of Murong Yong, Li Xian returned to Zhongshan.
During the reign of Emperor Taizu, Li Xian submitted to the Northern Wei in Jingxing. Emperor Taizu asked him, "Where are you from?" Li Xian replied, "I am originally from Pingji, Zhao County." Emperor Taizu said, "I heard that Zhongshan is fertile and densely populated, is that true?" Li Xian said, "When I was young, I served as an official in Chang'an, then I served Murong Yong before returning to my hometown. I have observed the people and the land there; indeed, the land is fertile and densely populated." Emperor Taizu asked again, "I heard there’s a person named Li Xian in Changzi City, is that you?" Li Xian said, "Yes, that's me." Emperor Taizu said, "Do you know me?" Li Xian said, "Your Majesty's virtues are well-known, your grace reaches all corners of the world, and your presence is imposing; how could I not know you?" Emperor Taizu asked further, "What official positions did your grandfather and father hold?" Li Xian replied, "My grandfather Li Zhong served as the Prefect of Pingyang and Right Grand Marshal in the Jin Dynasty; my father Li Fan served as the Prefect of Le'an and General of the Left in the era of Shi Hu; I served as the Right Chief Guest under Fu Pi, and as the Secretariat Director under Murong Yong, and was granted the title of Marquis of Gaomi." Emperor Taizu said, "Since you are an experienced official who has held important positions multiple times, which classics are you proficient in?" Li Xian replied, "I consider myself rather mediocre; I studied classics in my youth, but as I grew older, I forgot much of it; I probably remember around sixty percent." Emperor Taizu asked, "Do you understand military strategy and astronomy?" Li Xian replied, "I have studied them, but my understanding isn’t very deep." Emperor Taizu said, "During Murong Yong's time, did you participate in military operations?" Li Xian replied, "I held a significant position back then and did participate in military affairs."
Afterward, Lao Zhao (the founding emperor) appointed this ancestor as the Left Chief Historian of the Chancellor's Office. Following Lao Zhao, he helped pacify Ye City, arrived at Yitai, defeated Murong Lin's army, and then returned to stabilize Zhongshan. Every time this ancestor gave advice and strategy, he would achieve victory. After Lao Zhao returned to Dai territory, he promoted him to the position of Right General of the Central Army. Lao Zhao asked him, "The Rouran are constantly invading our borders; I want to go fight them, what do you think?" The ancestor replied, "The Rouran do not understand the mandate of heaven, hiding in the desolate north, always coming to raid and plunder, disturbing the border residents. Your Majesty is wise and martial, with a reputation that precedes you. As long as you lead the troops to attack, you will definitely be able to completely eliminate them!" So Lao Zhao launched a northern campaign and decisively defeated the Rouran army. He rewarded the ancestor with three servants, along with fifty horses, cattle, and sheep.
Later, he was promoted to the rank of Seven Army General, and then further promoted to Doctor and Grand Chief of Dingzhou. Lao Zhao asked him again, "What is the best book in the world for enhancing knowledge?" The ancestor replied, "Only the classics are truly the best. The governance strategies of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors can elevate the wisdom of emperors." Lao Zhao asked again, "How many books are there in the world? I want to collect them all; how should I do it?" The ancestor replied, "Starting from the creation of writing by Fuxi, passed down through generations of emperors, up to now, the number of surviving books on national history, astronomy, and secret arts is countless. Your Majesty, if you truly want to collect them, simply order all the provinces and counties across the country to gather and send them to you. Whatever you want to collect, you can gather them all." Thus, Lao Zhao issued a nationwide decree to begin the collection of books.
While Lao Zhao was besieging Yao Xing at Chaibi, he asked his ancestors: "Yao Xing stationed troops at Tiandu and occupied Chaibi, with the two locations mutually reinforcing each other. Now I want to defeat him; what’s the best way to go about it?" His ancestors replied: "I’ve heard that conventional military tactics guarantee victory, while unconventional ones can bring success. I heard that Yao Xing wants to station his army at Tiandu for the convenience of transporting supplies. Before his army arrives, dispatch unconventional forces to set an ambush at Tiandu. Additionally, establish tight ambushes near Chaibi to prevent mutual support between the two locations. With Your Majesty’s wisdom and martial skill, seize the moment to act. Yao Xing will find it impossible to launch an attack or retreat because of supply shortages. In military strategy, it’s easy for the enemy to seize high ground and for treacherous locations to ensnare them, which is a significant tactical blunder. Yao Xing fell into this trap, allowing us to achieve victory without a fight." Lao Zhao adopted this strategy, and indeed, Yao Xing was defeated and forced to flee.
After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, he asked his old ministers who was the most trusted person by the late emperor. At that time, the newly appointed Duke of Wang Luo'er replied, "There is a person named Li Xian who was highly valued by the late emperor." Taizong then summoned Li Xian to see him and asked, "What contributions and talents do you have that made the late emperor value you so much?" Li Xian replied, "I am humble and insignificant, lacking any special talents. I simply serve the emperor with utmost loyalty and dedication. Besides that, I have no other strengths." Taizong said, "Then tell me about your past." Li Xian said, "I have heard of the teachings of Yao and Shun, treating their subjects like their own children; the kings of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties appointed talented individuals, and the people of the realm willingly submitted. Your Majesty's humility and diligence in governance inspire the people." Shortly after, Taizong had Li Xian read "Han Feizi - Lianzhu" in twenty-two chapters and "The Art of War by Master Sun" in eleven chapters. He then instructed the relevant departments, "Li Xian is well-versed in state affairs. From now on, let him stay in the palace regularly." He also rewarded Li Xian with fifty rolls of silk, fifty jin of silk, fifty pieces of various silk fabrics, an imperial steed, appointed him as General of Andong, Marquis of Shouchun, and granted him twenty-two households as subordinates. Taizong also ordered Li Xian and Wang Changsun Daosheng of Shangdang to lead the army to assault the fortified city held by Feng Bayi. After capturing it, they took all enemy soldiers. They then went to attack He Long. Li Xian said to Wang Changsun Daosheng, "We should secretly order the soldiers to prepare a bundle of green grass each, forming a five-foot-high stack of grass to fill the moat around the city. Attack them from the southwest, cut off their external support, concentrate our forces and attack fiercely, and the enemy will surely be captured." Wang Changsun Daosheng did not listen to him and only looted some civilians before returning. Later, Li Xian was appointed as the Governor of Wuyi, and his achievements were remarkable. After Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty took the throne, he summoned Li Xian back to the court to serve as a high-ranking official. In the second year of the Tang Shanglong era, Li Xian passed away at the age of ninety-five. The court awarded him a set of gold-embroidered jade burial suit, posthumously granted him the title of Inspector of Dingzhou and Duke of Zhongshan, and posthumously conferred the title of Wenyi (文懿).
His son Li Jiong inherited the title and served successively as the governor of Jingzhao and Jiyin. He later died.
Li Jiong's son Li Zhongkui inherited the title but was later reduced to commoner status.
Li Zhongkui's brother Li Fengzi, as well as Li Fengzi's brother Li Qiuzi, both served as officials in the Central Secretariat.
Fengzi Yu, whose courtesy name was Yuan Kai, was a student in the Central Secretariat during his youth. He was clever and quick-witted, with an exceptional memory and extensive knowledge of books. In the early years of the Taihe period, he successively held the positions of Secretary and advisor to the Prince of Qi. He was later sent out to serve as the chief historian of the General of the West and also concurrently served as the governor of Fengyi. A few years later, he resigned and settled back in Chang'an.
He particularly envied the ancient method of eating jade, so he went to Lantian County to personally dig for jade. He found many jade artifacts, including jade rings and discs, totaling over a hundred pieces. He packed the darker-colored ones into boxes to take home. When he returned and examined them closely, he found that the jade was smooth and lustrous, very beautiful. Fengzi Yu selected seventy pieces of jade, ground them into powder, and consumed them daily. He gave away the remaining jade to others. Later, Fengzi Yu and those who heard about it returned to the same spot to search for jade again, but found nothing. The officials of Fengyi, such as Yuan Huai, obtained these jades and carved them into ornaments, which were all very beautiful and precious.
Feng Ziyu had been taking jade powder for several years, claiming it was indeed effective. However, he lacked any self-restraint in his lifestyle and had a particular fondness for drinking, which took a toll on his health. When he fell seriously ill, he told his wife, "Eating jade powder, retreating to the mountains, and renouncing greed might extend one's life, but I have always been addicted to wine and indulgence, and in the end, I still died. I cannot blame the jade powder for not being effective. However, my body will surely exhibit some oddities; don't be in a hurry to bury me, so that future generations can know the miraculous effects of jade powder." It was mid-July, and the heat in Chang'an was intense. Feng Ziyu's body was kept for four days without any signs of decay. His wife, Chang, placed two jade beads in his mouth, and his mouth remained closed. Chang said, "You claim that eating jade powder has miraculous effects; why can't you even hold onto the jade beads?" After she spoke, Feng Ziyu's teeth opened, and she placed the jade beads inside, then gently blew a breath, without any trace of odor. Once he was prepared for burial, his body lay perfectly straight in the coffin. At the time of his death, he still had several dou of jade powder left, all packed in his pocket and placed in the coffin with him.
In the early years of the Tianxing era, my father secretly asked me, "Will our descendants always be subjects of the Wei state? Will they serve other lords?" My father told me, "No. The political system and culture of the Wei state will endure for generations; it will not decline in a short period." From the founding emperor of the Wei state to the usurpation by the King of Qi, it has been over one hundred fifty years. "The state's governance is enduring and cannot decline overnight."
Jia Yi, his courtesy name Yanlun, was from Wuwei Guzang. Six generations prior, Jia Fu had served as the Governor of Youzhou in the Wei Kingdom and Marquis of Guangchuan, so their family had been living there ever since. His father served as the Administrator of Julu under Fu Jian but was later imprisoned for speaking indiscreetly. When Jia Yi was ten years old, he went to Chang'an to plead his father's case, and this incident quickly spread throughout the region, with everyone praising him, saying, "This child is truly remarkable; he is a descendant of Jia Yi, and no one can compare to him!" Before he was twenty, he became the General of Cavalry and the Chief Advisor to the Prince of Liaoxi under Murong Chui. Our founding emperor had long heard of Jia Yi's reputation and even sent someone to Murong Chui to request his presence. Murong Chui held Jia Yi in even higher regard, promoting him and also appointing him as the Administrator of Changli. Later, Murong Chui sent his son Murong Bao to lead troops into battle, resulting in a significant defeat at Canhe Slope, where both Jia Yi and his cousin, Jia Run, the Administrator of Daijun, were captured. After the founding emperor ascended to the throne, he appointed Jia Yi as the Left Chancellor of the Ministry of Personnel, allowing him to participate in state affairs, and also bestowed upon him the title of Secretary. Later, a provisional government was established in Ye City, with Jia Yi and He Ba, the Minister of Personnel, jointly defending the city and pacifying those who had recently surrendered. After some time, the founding emperor summoned him back to the court. Later, during the Tianci era of Northern Wei, Jia Yi claimed he was ill and wished to visit the hot springs for treatment. However, he was captured by rebellious Hu and was handed over to Yao Xing. Several years later, he managed to escape and return. However, he was recaptured by Qu Gai, who got along well with him and appointed him as the Secretary Supervisor. Jia Yi died at the age of sixty-one. After Emperor Wendi defeated Helian Chang, Jia Yi's son, Jia Xiu, brought his remains back and buried him south of Daijun.
It is said that this scholar, Xiu, first served as a Doctor of the Central Secretariat, later promoted to Deputy Minister of the Central Secretariat, then became a Junior Official of the Crown Prince and a General of Courage, and was granted the title of Marquis of Yangdu, also serving as a Grand Registrar in his hometown. After the death of Emperor Gongzong, he renounced his title and returned home to live out his retirement. Not long after, he began to take charge of the personnel affairs once more. Emperor Gaozong considered Xiu to be a veteran minister of the Eastern Palace, so he bestowed upon him the title of Viscount of Yangdu and added the official position of General of Courage. At that time, Prime Minister Yi Hun was powerful and tyrannical, having executed many. Yi Hun's wife, who came from humble origins, wanted the title of princess and repeatedly raised this issue with Xiu. Xiu said nothing. Yi Hun then asked him, "You agree to all official matters, why don’t you say anything about my request to grant my wife the title of princess?" Xiu retorted firmly, "The title of princess is a prestigious honor reserved for royal women; how can commoners possibly be worthy of such a title? If one were to misuse this title, they would undoubtedly face consequences in the future! I would rather die today than become a laughingstock for future generations!" Yi Hun's aides were so frightened they were trembling, while Xiu remained unfazed. Yi Hun and his wife were furious, their faces pale, but they had no way to retaliate.
A few days later, Yi Hun had someone inscribe the phrase "Old servant is greedy" on the arm of the Imperial Physician Yang Huifu, in an attempt to frame Xiu. Yi Hun had always wanted to find an opportunity to deal with him, but before he could act, Yi Hun himself fell from power, enabling Xiu to avoid disaster. You see, Xiu's steadfast integrity was shaped by such experiences.
At that time, Xiu and Chancellor Gao Yun of Bohai were both highly regarded in the court due to their Confucian backgrounds. The court intended to appoint them as high officials in the local areas and even sent people to invite them, hoping they would stay. They also arranged for their eldest sons to become county governors. Xiu declined, saying, "I have been mediocre and incompetent since childhood, after decades of serving in office. In my youth, I was favored by the emperor, but in my old age, I have no achievements to speak of. I fear that after my death, there won't even be grass on my grave, let alone repay the emperor's grace. How can my son surpass the esteemed ancestors who have made contributions? Although I am grateful for the emperor's kindness, I am also quite anxious. I request the emperor to retract the command and allow me to enjoy my old age in peace!" He resolutely declined and refused to accept.
He served under five emperors during his lifetime. Although his official position was not very high, he was always in charge of important affairs. He was known for his honesty and frugality, never having an appetite for wealth. At the age of seventy-three, he fell ill, and the court sent him medicine and a walking stick. When the court faced major decisions it could not resolve, it often sent the Minister Li Fu, Duke of Gao Ping, to his home to seek his advice. He passed away in the third year of the Huangxing era. The court posthumously conferred upon him the titles of General of the Original, Governor of Jizhou, and Duke of Wuyi, with the posthumous name "Jian."
His son Jun, styled Yilin, inherited the title. He was later appointed as the Secretary of the Central Secretariat and Military Officer. Subsequently, he was sent to serve as the General of Xianwu and Governor of Jingzhou. As per regulations, his title was reduced to that of a Baron. Previously, the court had established Jingzhou in Shangluo, which was later renamed Luozhou. Luozhou was located deep in the mountains, and the locals did not prioritize education. Jun submitted a petition to the court, requesting the establishment of schools and instructors to choose bright and eager students for education. He served in the state for five years, ensuring transparent governance with minimal issues, providing peace for both the people and officials. After being transferred to Luozhou, Jun returned to the capital to pay respects to the emperor, who gifted him some plain silk. Jun passed away during the Jingming years. The court posthumously conferred upon him the titles of General of the Original and Governor of Guangzhou.
Zijun's son, Shuxiu, inherited the title. He was appointed as an Imperial Censor. Later, he passed away. Zijun's other son, Xing, inherited the title. Xing's younger brother, Bin, served as an official, known for his integrity and honesty. Later, he was sent to serve as the Prefect of Liyang and passed away while in office. Zun's great-grandson, Zhen, whose courtesy name was Shuyuan, was knowledgeable, well-versed in history and classics, and renowned for his filial piety. During the Taihe period, he served as a doctor of the Palace Library, accompanying Gao Cong, the Deputy Director of the Palace Library, on a mission to Jiangnan. Upon his return, due to his elderly and ailing mother, he frequently visited home, which led to his dismissal from office. After a long time, the court summoned him to serve as the Palace Attendant Supervisor for Prince You of Jingzhao, and later acting as the Prefect of Luoyang. He gradually rose to become an Imperial Secretary, National Teacher, conferred with the title of General Who Maintains Distantness, and acting as Prefect of Luyang. He was known for his integrity, his ability to pacify the people, and for gaining their trust. He later advanced to the position of Army Advisor of the Minister Over the Masses, Imperial Bodyguard of the Imperial Secretariat, and was bestowed the titles of Champion General. He passed away in the Zhengguang period, and the court posthumously bestowed upon him the titles of General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Qizhou. His son, Ziru, served as a military aide in the Ministry of Works. Jingjun, the son of Zhen's older brother, was also renowned for his knowledge and served in imperial positions. He later rose to the position of Military Advisor for the Outer Army of Prince You of Jingzhao. When Wang Yu rebelled in Jizhou, intending to appoint Jingjun to an official position; however, Jingjun refused, and was consequently killed by Wang Yu. The court erected a stele for him in Yongping Palace, posthumously appointing him as Prefect of Dongqinghe, with the posthumous title of Zhen. Jingxing, the younger brother of Jingjun, was known for his integrity and upright character. He served as a provincial registrar when young, but later lived in seclusion at home without taking up official positions. Later, when Ge Rong captured Jizhou, Jingxing was taken captive by Ge Rong. He pretended to be ill and refused to bow to Ge Rong. Jingxing often slapped his knees and said in defiance, "I have not wronged you!" This was due to his refusal to bow to Ge Rong.
Xue Ti, a native of Taiyuan, became a student at the Imperial Academy during the reign of Emperor Huangshi and later became an Imperial Censor. He gradually rose through the ranks, becoming a Cavalier Attendant, Grand Preceptor to the Crown Prince, and was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Liyang, also holding the official title of General of Jin Forces. Later on, he was appointed as Grand General of the Eastern Garrison and Inspector of Jizhou, with his title elevated to Duke of Taiyuan. He performed excellently in all his positions, achieving significant political accomplishments. He was later summoned back by the court to serve as Palace Attendant, responsible for managing the affairs of the court.
When Emperor Shizu passed away, this news was initially kept secret and not publicly announced. The Minister of Works, Lan Yan, and other officials discussed the matter and believed that the young imperial grandson was too immature to ascend the throne, so they planned to secretly summon Prince Han of Qin to the palace. However, Xue Ti objected, stating, "The imperial grandson is the legitimate heir who carries the hopes of the people. Even though he is young, as long as he is known to all, like King Cheng of the Zhou Dynasty or Emperor Xiaozhao of the Han Dynasty, he will succeed. We cannot bypass the rightful heir and choose someone else!" Lan Yan and his colleagues could not make a decision. The eunuch Zong Ai learned of their plan and, under the pretext of an order from the Empress, summoned Xue Ti and the others to the palace, resulting in Xue Ti being killed.
Xue Ti had a younger brother named Xue Fu. When Emperor Gaozong ascended the throne, he issued an edict allowing Xue Fu to inherit his brother's title, becoming the Duke of Taiyuan, due to Xue Ti's efforts in supporting his ascension. However, the relevant authorities suggested he should be downgraded to Marquis. In the first year of Huangxing, Xue Fu passed away. Xue Ti's grandson, Xue Lingbao, succeeded to the title of Marquis of Liyang during the Taihe period.
In the historical records, it is said that Song Yin was known for his integrity and was not driven by fame or fortune; Wang Xian, hailing from a distinguished family, continued to receive preferential treatment in his old age; Qu Zun was diligent in his studies and adept at seizing opportunities; Yuan was known for his foresight and wisdom, earning him high regard; Zhang Pu and Gu Hun excelled in both civil and military affairs, achieving notable success; Gong Sun Biao started as an ordinary individual but ultimately descended into extremism due to his reckless behavior; Gui initially basked in the glory of his rewards but ultimately fell from grace due to his greed. Few achieve a good ending, and this is no mere saying! Zhang Ji earned a solid reputation during his missions to various regions; Li Xian was learned and strategic, enjoying the court's favor for three generations; Jia Yi displayed his talent early on and had the audacity to challenge authority. Xue Ti was known for his integrity and loyalty, yet he fell victim to treachery—a truly tragic tale!
