Gao Hu, styled Da Yuan, was from Ze County, Hebei. He was a descendant of He Zeng, the Grand Tutor during the Han Dynasty. His grandfather, Gao Qing, served as the Minister of Works under the command of Murong Chui. His father, Gao Tai, was the Minister of Personnel. Gao Hu was intelligent and clever from a young age, demonstrating strong leadership qualities. He and his brother Gao Tao were both well-known at the time, with the local people, particularly a man named Cui Cheng, admiring them. During his youth, Gao Hu held several significant official positions, including that of Cavalier in Regular Attendance.
In the tenth year of the Jin Dynasty's reign, Murong Chui sent his son Bao to attack the Wei Kingdom. Gao Hu advised Murong Chui, stating that, "The Wei Kingdom and the Yan Kingdom are friendly nations. The Wei Kingdom is experiencing internal strife, and our sending troops to attack them is because we have demands, not because they have gone against our wishes. The two nations have maintained friendly relations for many years, with continuous exchanges of messengers. When we previously sought horses but were unsuccessful, we left the younger brother of the Wei Kingdom as a hostage. The fault lies with us, not the Wei Kingdom. We should now strengthen our friendly relations with the Wei Kingdom, stabilize the nation instead of allowing the Crown Prince to lead troops on a distant campaign. Moreover, the Emperor of the Wei Kingdom is both capable and resourceful, with a strong army. The journey is fraught with peril and difficulty, as we have experienced before. The Crown Prince is aging, and although he has lofty ambitions, he tends to underestimate the enemy and act recklessly, which makes it challenging for him to lead troops into battle alone. War is extremely perilous, and I urge you to consider this carefully!" Gao Hu's words were very stern. Murong Chui was very angry and dismissed Gao Hu from his official position. Later on, Crown Prince Bao was indeed defeated in the Battle of Canhechuan.
Murong Bao became emperor and appointed Gao Hu as the General of Conquering the Barbarians and the Prefect of Yan County. Later, Murong Bao fled to Helong, where his brothers engaged in infighting. Noticing the decline and chaos in Yan, Gao Hu led three thousand families to defect to the Jin Dynasty. Emperor Wu of Jin granted him the title of Marquis of Dong'e and promoted him to Right General, entrusting him with leading various tribes in the eastern part of Dai territory. During the reign of Emperor Cheng of Jin, Gao Hu was appointed as the General of Ningxi and the Grand General of Liangzhou, stationed in Guzang. He governed the region with great success and was well-loved by the people. Gao Hu passed away at the age of seventy. The court posthumously bestowed upon him the titles of General of Zhenxi and Inspector of Qinzhou, posthumously conferring upon him the title of Jing. He left behind four sons.
His third son was named Mi, with the courtesy name Anping, skilled in both civil and military affairs. Because of his father's achievements during the Tian'an era, he was summoned to the palace and was appointed as a Senior Palace Attendant, tasked with managing the imperial library. Mi was diligent and hardworking, earning high regard from Emperor Gaozong, who later promoted him to the position of Gentleman of the Palace Writers. Mi noticed that many ancient texts were incomplete, so he proposed to the court that they collect and repair books. From that point on, all books in the capital were carefully edited and organized under his supervision. During the reign of Emperor Xianzu in Ningguang Palace, Mi often served by his side, explaining and reading texts. He was later appointed as an Imperial Censor at the Orchid Pavilion. Soon after, he was promoted to Assistant Imperial Secretary, overseeing both internal and external affairs. Mi upheld the law impartially, impeaching those who broke it, speaking boldly and fearlessly, and he earned much admiration. He passed away at the age of forty-five in the second year of Yanxing. During the Taichang era, he was posthumously granted the title of Commissioner, Palace Attendant, Commander of Military Affairs in Qing, Xu, Qi, Ji, and Yanzhou, General of Chariots and Cavalry, Grand Commandant, and Inspector of Qingzhou, posthumously conferred the title of Duke Wuzhen. His wife was Lady Shusun, who was conferred the title of Lady of Chenliu Commandery.
His eldest son, Shusheng, had a cheerful and open personality. He valued loyalty and befriended many heroes and outstanding individuals, and he showed little interest in farming or business. Many wise individuals held him in high regard. At that time, the Ruru tribe launched an invasion, and Emperor Gaozu ordered General Huai Shuo and Prince Yi of Yangping to lead troops to fight back. Yi recommended Shusheng for the position of General of Town Guard and Commander, serving as the vanguard, where he distinguished himself. Shusheng was a chivalrous soul who cherished a free and easy life; he did not particularly like holding office, so he resigned from his position and refused rewards, which earned him even greater respect. His home often exhibited strange phenomena like red light and purple mist, which terrified the neighbors, who claimed it was a bad omen and that the house was unlivable. However, Shusheng said, "Where is not a good place?" remaining unfazed and calm. He also particularly enjoyed music, often entertaining himself with string and bamboo instruments. In the early years of Xiaochang, there was great chaos in the Northern State, and the court ordered a recruitment of soldiers and offered rewards. Because Shusheng had military talent, the court appointed him as Grand Commander, tasking him with leading elite troops to defend the border. Two years later, he died at the age of fifty-five. In the early years of Taichang, he was posthumously conferred the titles of Envoy with Special Authority, Commander of Military Affairs in the Six States of Jixiang, Cangying, and Yinding, Grand General, Grand Preceptor, Registrar of the Ministry of Personnel, and Governor of Jizhou, and was posthumously named King of Bohai, with the posthumous title Wénmù. His wife, of the Han family, was posthumously honored as the Grand Princess of the Bohai Kingdom. During the Yongxi period, he was again posthumously granted a ceremonial yellow seal, the title of Imperial Attendant and Commander of Military Affairs both internally and externally, along with additional honors of feathered banners and drums, while the rest of his official positions remained unchanged. His eldest son was King Xian of Qi. Wang Chen, known by the courtesy name Yongbao, was a formidable figure. During the Tianping era of the Northern Wei, he held titles such as General of Cavalry, Chancellor of the Three Departments, Deputy Censor, and Duke of the Founding of South Zhao, clearly a high-ranking official.
His son Wang Rui inherited his title. During the Wuding period, Wang Rui became the Crown Prince, which was regarded as a respectable official position. Wang Chen also had a brother named Wang Fan, whose courtesy name was Feique, who was also a capable and famous person. Unfortunately, he passed away early, while serving as an Attendant to the Imperial Guard. Later, during the Yuanxiang period, the court posthumously conferred upon him numerous official titles: acting Yellow Gate Official, Imperial Commissioner, Palace Attendant, Commander of military affairs in the ten provinces of Jizhong, Ding, Luo, Ying, Bing, Si, Yan, Heng, Yun, and Shuo, Grand General, Grand Tutor, Grand Commandant, Director of the Imperial Secretariat, Inspector of Jizhou, and posthumously granted him the posthumous title "Xiaoxuan."
Wang Fan's son, Wang Yue, also became a Palace Attendant, Grand Tutor, and Duke of Kaiguo in Qinghe County during the Wuding period, holding a high official position. Wang Chen's elder brother, Wang Zhen, was known for his integrity and sense of duty. The two brothers were very filial, and during the mourning period following their father's death, sweet dew and white pheasants appeared at the grave site, which was seen as an auspicious sign. This event was reported to the court, and the Emperor even erected a stele at their home to honor them. Wang Zhen started as a Deputy Envoy in Jingzhou and gradually rose to become the Prefect of Ding'an, with remarkable achievements. After his passing, the court posthumously appointed him General of Longxiang and Inspector of Jingzhou.
Another brother of Wang Chen, who served as the Prefect of Jincheng, passed away during the Shengui period. In the first year of Taichang, the court posthumously conferred upon him the title of Imperial Commissioner, Palace Attendant, Commander of military affairs in the provinces of Ding, Xiang, and Yin, General of the Valiant Cavalry, Equal to the Three Dukes, and Inspector of Dingzhou, with the posthumous title "Wukang." His son, Wang Ren, died while serving as Deputy Envoy in Hezhou during the Zhengguang period. In the early years of Taichang, the court also posthumously conferred upon him the title of Imperial Commissioner, Palace Attendant, Commander of military affairs in the provinces of Qing, Qi, and Ji, Equal to the Three Dukes, and Inspector of Qingzhou, with the posthumous title "Mingmu."
Wang Ren's son, Wang Guan, styled Xiaohu, during the Yongxing period, held the positions of Assistant to the Masters of Writing, a Senior Grandee in the imperial court, and Director of Imperial Cuisine. Wang Chen had a younger brother whose name included the character "月" (the missing character is represented by '代') and was handsome, strong, and particularly skilled in archery. During the reign of Emperor Xianzu, he became the Commander of the Imperial Guard; during the reign of Emperor Huangxing, he served as the Commander of the Main Forces; in the early years of Gaozu, he became an Assistant Minister of State and later rose to the position of Assistant to the Masters of Writing and Chief of the Palace Attendants. Unfortunately, he was ultimately executed for wrongdoing.
Zi Xiang, styled Mingzhen, was quite a talented person. He initially served as an Imperial Censor and was later promoted to Imperial Clerk. He and his brother, Shuhui, were sent on a mission to the Western Regions. On their return to Hezhou, they were attacked by bandits, the city was overrun, and both brothers were killed. In the Taichang period, the court posthumously honored him as Commissioner, Commander of Military Affairs in Jizhou and Cangzhou, General of the Eastern Conquest, and Governor of Jizhou. During the Yongxi period, he was posthumously honored as Palace Attendant, Commander of Military Affairs in Qingzhou and Xuzhou, General of the Chariots and Cavalry, Equal to the Three Excellencies, and Governor of Qingzhou, with the posthumous title of Wenjing.
His brother, Ziyongle, during the reign of Emperor Xinghe, served as General of the Chariots and Cavalry, Equal to the Three Excellencies, Governor of Jizhou, and Duke of the State of Kaiguo of Yangchuan County. Zibi, the younger brother of Ziyongle, during the reign of Emperor Wuding, served as General Who Maintains the West, Governor of Yingzhou, and Duke of the State of Kaiguo of Anling County.
Zixiang's younger brother, Shuhui, whose courtesy name was Rongxian and whose nickname was Gou'er, was intelligent and capable, highly regarded and esteemed by Prince Rencheng. During the Jingming era, he began serving as a court attendant. In the Yanchang era, he was appointed as a Cavalier Attendant to the Imperial Guards and sent on diplomatic missions to various Western territories, where he was greatly respected. Even the states of Louhou and Wusun paid tribute in the form of fine horses due to his influence. Upon his return, he was appointed as a Cavalier Attendant. During the Shengui era, he was promoted to the rank of Commandant of Archers, Prefect of the Palace Gentlemen of the Household, and General of the Agile Cavalry. Later, he was appointed as General Who Pacifies the West and Cavalier Attendant to the Imperial Guards, and sent on another mission to the Western regions. While returning to Fanghan, he encountered a rebellion led by Mo Zheniansheng in the Qinlong region. At that time, the Governor of Hezhou, Yuan Zuo, was attacked by Mo Zheniansheng in collusion with his predecessors Liang Zhao and Jing Jin, and died from excessive anxiety. The Chief Clerk Yuan Yongping, the Censor Meng Bin, and the Attendant Envoys Yuan Zhan jointly recommended Shuhui to act as the Governor of Hezhou. Shuhui governed wisely, and the soldiers obeyed him. Later, the Attendant Charioteer Qifu Shize secretly colluded with Jing Jin, and Shuhui killed him. Shuhui borrowed troops from the Tuyuhun to come to the rescue. Jing Jin was defeated and fled to Qinzhou. Jing Jin then led the Qiang and Yi tribes to attack Hezhou. Shuhui quickly dispatched a messenger to the court requesting reinforcements, and the court ordered him to continue acting as the Governor of Hezhou. However, reinforcements were delayed, and the city fell due to being outnumbered. Shuhui was killed by the rebels. In the Yongxi era, his body was finally brought back to Luoyang. The court posthumously honored him with the title of Commissioner Bearing Credentials, Palace Attendant, Commander of military affairs in Ji, Ding, Xiang, Cang, and Yong provinces, Duke of Situ, and Governor of Jizhou, and he was posthumously granted the title Wenxuan.
The story goes that Gui Yi was a person with ambition and responsibility. He started as an official in the court and later rose to the rank of General Wei Lie. He accompanied his father on a mission to the Western Regions, and after returning, he gradually climbed the ranks, becoming General Long Xiang, Middle Counselor, and Commander of the Western Expedition, earning merits in every battle. Unfortunately, he died on the battlefield in the end. Later, during the Tai Chang era, the court posthumously awarded him prestigious titles including Chamberlain, General of the Cavalry, and Governor of Yong Province, and he was given the posthumous title "Filial and Loyal."
His son Pu became General of Annam and Left Guard Commander of the Crown Prince in the Wu Ding era. Gui Yi's younger brother Gui Yan also did well in the Wu Ding era, reaching the rank of General of the Cavalry, Chief Minister, and Governor of Xuzhou, and was bestowed the title of Marquis of Anxi County. Another brother, Ge Ba, was the commander of Guangchang Town and was posthumously awarded the title of Governor of Yanzhou.
Gui Yi's son Meng Hu once served as a registrar in Shanshan Town. After his father's death, Meng Hu gained recognition for his filial piety and subsequently chose to step back from public office. His other son Yuan Guo died young. As for his son Xian Guo, in the Wu Ding era, he achieved the rank of General of Pacification and was granted the title of Marquis of Wenyang. Xian Guo's brother Da became a General of the Cavalry in the Wu Ding era and also oversaw affairs in Cangzhou. Da's brother Yong Guo achieved the rank of General of the Expedition and Middle Counselor. Yong Guo's son Zi Guo became General of the Military Guard. Ge Ba's youngest son Sheng reached the rank of Chamberlain, Grand Minister, and Duke of Guangping during the Tianping era of Northern Wei, which was quite an achievement!
His grandson, Yuan, during the Wuding period, held the position of General of Wuwei. His brother, Gui, whose courtesy name was Youning, was the General of Bogu Lu Town and the Governor of Yingzhou. His son, Tuo, whose courtesy name was Nantuo, was the Chief of Woye Town and was posthumously honored with the title of Governor of Langye. Another son, Yong, whose courtesy name was Jingyun, served as an Attendant to the Minister of Works. Later, he and his youngest son, Siyi, sought refuge with Xiao Yan and died in Jiangnan. In the first year of the Yuanshi era, their bodies were finally brought back to the north, and Yong was posthumously honored with the title of Commissioner-in-Chief, Cavalier Attendant, Commander of military affairs in Jideing Cangyou Wuzhou, General of the Valiant Cavalry, Prefect of the Masters of Writing, Minister of Works, and Governor of Jizhou, a remarkable honor indeed!
His son, Sizong, during the Wuding period, became the General of the Central Army, equal to the Three Excellencies, and the Governor of Yanzhou, and was also granted the title of Duke of Shangluo County. As for Siyi, the court also honored him posthumously as the Commissioner-in-Chief, Cavalier Attendant, Commander of military affairs in Qingyin Qizhou, Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, Supervisor of the Masters of Writing, equal to the Three Excellencies, and Governor of Qingzhou. Xing, Tuo's younger brother, died young. Xing's son, Guisun, later became the Governor of Jinzhou.
His younger brother, Heng, whose courtesy name was Shuzong, was the Prefect of Julu under Murong Chui. He surrendered alongside Emperor Taizu, was granted the title of Marquis of Jingxian County, and also became the General of Longxiang, while continuing to serve as Prefect of Julu. Later, he passed away and was posthumously honored with the titles of General of Andong and Governor of Youzhou, and received the posthumous title of Hui.
His son, Hudao, whose courtesy name was Shiying, inherited his father's title. He later became the Governor of Duma Ling County and was subsequently promoted to General of Zhennan and Governor of Xiangzhou. Unfortunately, he died before assuming office. The court also honored him posthumously with an official position, granting him the posthumous title of Zhuang.
Hudao's son was named Hugan, whose courtesy name was Gannu. He was a studious and magnanimous person, with great elegance. He inherited the title of Marquis of Jing County, but was later demoted to Count in accordance with the regulations. He served as the Sima of the Southern Qingzhou Conquest Office, General of Weiyuan, Chief Historian of Shanshan Prefecture, and later transferred to serve as the Chief Historian of the Fenzhou Rear Army Prefecture and as Prefect of Baishui. He was known far and wide for his integrity and fairness. He passed away during the Taichang era and was posthumously honored with the titles of Regent, Commander of Military Affairs in Qin and Yong Provinces, Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, Duke of Sikong, Governor of Yongzhou, and posthumously honored with the title Xiaomu.
Hugan's son was named Hukan, with the courtesy name Boxin, who also inherited the title. He was appointed as the Chief Historian of Southern Qinzhou. After his death, he was posthumously honored with the titles of General Who Assists the State and Governor of Liangzhou, with the posthumous title of Xuan.
Hukan's son was named Hushao, with the courtesy name Guangzu, who also inherited the title. During the Xinghe era, he became the General of Conquering the Barbarians and the Governor of Cangzhou.
Hukan's younger brother was named Huteng, with the courtesy name Fuxing. At the time of his death, he held the titles of General of An Dong, Governor of Guangzhou, and Duke of Kaiguo County.
Huteng's son was named Huzhi, with the courtesy name Zuqian, who served as a Zhonglang of the Ministry of Works and Chief Clerk to the Grand Commandant.
Huzhi's younger brother was named Hujing, who was a Gentleman of the Palace. Hujing's younger brother was named Huhui, who inherited his father's title.
Huteng's younger brother was named Hulongzhi, who achieved the ranks of Grand Protector, Minister of the Masters of Writing, and Duke of Kaiguo County during the Wuding era.
Cui Cheng, with the courtesy name Shuzu, was from Wucheng in Qinghe, Hebei, and was the sixth generation grandson of the Wei State Commandant Cui Yan. His great-grandfather, Cui Liang, served as the Minister of the Central Secretariat in the Jin Dynasty; his grandfather, Cui Yu, was a Senior Official under Shi Hu; and his father, Cui Yu, served as a Gentleman of the Yellow Gate. Cui Cheng had a passion for learning from a young age and was quite literary. However, during the chaotic times, he lived in poverty and had to work the fields himself, yet he never gave up on his studies.
During the reign of Murong Wei, he was recommended as Chief of the Imperial Secretariat, later became an Assistant Minister of Literature, and wrote the book "Records of Yan." Later, he was promoted to Minister of the Imperial Gate. After Fu Jian defeated Murong Wei, he sent Cui Cheng to serve as the governor of Qijun District. After Fu Jian's defeat, Sima Changming appointed Cui Cheng as the governor of Qinghe County and Pingyuan County. Later, he was captured by Di Liao, who also appointed him as the Minister of the Interior Affairs. After Murong Chui defeated Di Zhao, Cui Cheng was appointed as the Secretary of the Secretariat. When Murong Bao fled to Helong, Cui Cheng was appointed as the Acting Minister of Personnel. After Murong Lin succeeded to the throne, Cui Cheng fled back to the side of the founding emperor with his wife and children.
Zhang Yan had previously heard of Cui Cheng's talents, and when he saw him, he was even more respectful, immediately appointing him as a Secretary of State, entrusting him with government affairs, overseeing thirty-six government departments, and specially assigning subordinates to him, letting him work in the Ministry of Civil Affairs. Not long after, he was promoted to the Deputy Director of the Imperial Historian.
It is said that when the founding emperor attacked Zhongshan City, he was unable to capture it for an extended period, the army was running low on supplies, and the locals were hoarding food. The founding emperor asked the ministers how to get food, and Cui Cheng said, "You can use mulberries to satisfy hunger! When the owls eat mulberries, their calls will change; this is recorded in the Book of Songs." Although the founding emperor felt that he was mocking himself a bit, the army did need food, so he agreed to use mulberries instead of taxes. Cui Cheng then said, "The soldiers need to hurry to pick them, or they will all fall off!" The founding emperor was furious, "Zhongshan City has not been captured yet; how can the soldiers take off their armor and go to the woods to pick mulberries? What on earth are you talking about!" Since Zhongshan City had yet to be captured, he faced no punishment.
Later, during the Tianxing era, Yao Xing attacked Sima Dezong's army in Xiangyang. The Xiangyang defender, Xi Hui, quickly sent a messenger to seek help from King Changshan. King Changshan reported this to Emperor Taizu. Taizu then had Cui Cheng and Zhang Gun write a response to King Changshan. Initially, Xi Hui wrote in his letter to King Changshan, "Brother Xian is striding in the Central Plains." Taizu felt this was not appropriate etiquette for a ruler and his subject, so he ordered Cui Cheng and Zhang Gun to downgrade King Changshan's title in their response. As a result, Cui Cheng and Zhang Gun referred to King Changshan as "Your Highness" in their reply. Taizu became even angrier, saying, "I asked you to lower his title, but you call him 'Your Highness'; this is no different than calling him 'Brother Xian'!" So, he had Cui Cheng executed.
Later, Sima Dezong's governor of Jingzhou, Sima Xiuzhi, along with several others, were driven away by Huan Xuan and all came to surrender to Taizu. Upon reaching the southern border of Chenliu, they split into two groups: one headed for Chang'an and the other returned to Guanggu. Taizu was initially thrilled to hear that Sima Xiuzhi and the others had surrendered, but as they delayed in arriving, he sent agents to Yanzhou to look for them. After capturing their attendants and interrogating them, they revealed that they all wanted to surrender to the court due to its reputation, but upon hearing of Cui Cheng's execution, they fled. Taizu felt deep regret over this. From that point on, he became more lenient with the mistakes of scholars.
Cui Cheng had seven sons, two of whom died in infancy. The third son was named Yi, the fourth Yin, the fifth Yi, the sixth Yan, and the seventh Ze. After his demotion, Cui Cheng feared for his life and had his wife, Zhang, take their four sons to stay in Jizhou while he himself fled to Guanggu. Only Cui Cheng and his youngest son, Yi, remained in Pingcheng. Later, Cui Cheng was executed as a result of this incident.
This person is named Ze, courtesy name Taichong. He initially served as the prince's horsekeeper, later promoted to a cavalry attendant, and was also granted the title of Marquis of Qinghe. Later, when Emperor Shizong learned that Liu Yilong was heavily relying on his brother as the governor of Jizhou, he remarked, "If Liu Yilong can rely on his brother, surely I can find someone to be the governor of Jizhou." So he appointed Ze as the General of Pingdong and governor of Jizhou. He also served as the Grand Minister of Rites, delivering the emperor's edict to confer the title of King of South Qin on Yang Nandang. He undertook several missions and accomplished them successfully, earning the appreciation of Emperor Shizong. Later, when the Cavalry General, King Pi of Leping, led troops to attack Shanggui, Emperor Shizong sent Ze with an edict to meet Pi and relay a message to Yang Nandang. Later, Ze also went to Mount Wangwu to refine alchemy with the sorcerer Wei Wenxiu, but they were unsuccessful in their attempts. Emperor Zhenjun had recently passed away. He had a total of five sons.
His eldest son was named Bing, courtesy name Gongli, who died young without leaving any sons. Bing's younger brother was named Guang, courtesy name Gongyuan, who inherited the title and became the General of Pingdong. His son Fadu also passed away young. Guang had a younger brother named Gui, courtesy name Gongze, who served as an attendant to the crown prince and as the Sima of Southern Zhen. Gui's younger brother Mu, courtesy name Gonghe, also passed away young. Mu's younger brother Rui, courtesy name Zhe, had the childhood name Nanji. When Emperor Gaozu took the throne, he was executed for conspiring with foreign enemies. His brother Jingzhen's son, Si Shu, inherited Rui's title.
Si Shu was a student in the Central Secretariat in his youth and later became a doctor in the Central Secretariat. During the reign of Emperor Sejong, he held positions as the governor of Shangdang and the governor of Julu. From the time his grandfather Cheng died until Rui was executed, spanning three generations, over fifty years, they all ended their lives near a city gate in the north.
Earlier, after the unification of the Three Qis, Yi's grandson Xiangru came here, known for his talent and knowledge, and was recommended as a scholar of Jizhou, but sadly passed away young. Xiangru's brother Yu is mentioned in the "Records of Arts and Techniques." Cheng's elder brother Shi, courtesy name Ningzu, was also well-known, who served as the left minister under Murong Chui and as the governor of Fanyang and Changli prefectures.
Shi's great-grandson Yanshou served as the Chief Registrar of Jizhou, known for his generosity; he was highly respected in the community. Yanshou's son Longzong was simple and helpful, renowned for his filial piety. He later served as a magistrate of Jizhou, the Prefect of Lanling, the Prefect of Yanzhou, a military advisor, the Chief Justice of Jizhou, and the Chief Historian of the Central Army. He was known for his sincerity and reliability, earning respect from all. After his death, he was posthumously honored as a General and Inspector of Qizhou, with the posthumous title of "Xiao." His son Jingbao served as an Attendant Cavalry Officer and a Junior Officer in the Yitong Prefecture of Jizhou. After his death, he was posthumously appointed as the Inspector of Jizhou.
Jingbao's son Zizheng rose to the rank of General of the Vanguard and the Prefect of Lu County, but sadly died young. His son Zian reached the rank of General of the Crown and the Inspector of Xi Yanzhou. Zizheng's son Zisheng became a Military Advisor. During the Wuding period, both brothers were executed due to their involvement in the affairs of Yuan Jin.
Fengyi, styled Chude, was a native of Bohai. His great-grandfather was the Colonel of Eastern Barbarians during the Jin Dynasty. His father, Feng Fang, was the Minister of Personnel for Murong Wei. His brother, Feng Fu, was the Grand Marshal under Murong Chao. Fengyi was tall, handsome, talented, and gifted in writing. Although he and his brother differed somewhat in ability and character, they held similar official positions. He initially served under Murong Bao, rising to the position of Minister of the Central Secretariat and Minister of Civil Affairs. After Murong Bao's downfall, he returned to the court and was appointed as an Attendant of the Yellow Gate, a Grand Official, General of Ning Shuo, and the Marquis of Zhang'an. The founding emperor summoned him several times to ask about the history of the Murong clan. Fengyi's nonchalant responses resulted in his dismissal, but he was later reinstated by Emperor Taizong, becoming a Grand Official and a Marquis. He passed away in the second year of Taichang. Fengyi authored a book titled "Yanshu," which gained widespread circulation at the time.
His son Feng Xuanzhi was executed for conspiring with Sima Guofan, Wen Kai, and others. Before his execution, Emperor Taizong said to him, "I won't let your family line die out; I will spare one of your sons." Feng Xuanzhi requested, "My brother Feng Qian's son, named Monu, with the courtesy name Junming, has been fatherless since childhood; please spare his life." Thus, Emperor Taizong executed Feng Xuanzhi's other four sons but pardoned Monu. Monu, implicated and subsequently punished, became a eunuch. Later, when Cui Hao was executed, Emperor Gaozu told Monu, "You should have been fine, but you were punished because of your connection to Cui Hao." Monu later served as the Supervisor of the Palace Secretariat, was dispatched on a mission to Zhangye, was granted the title of Fuchengzi, and rose to the ranks of General of Jianwei and Attendant. Eventually, he was reassigned and became General of the Front, Inspector of Huaizhou. In the seventh year of Taihe, he passed away. After his death, he was posthumously appointed as General Who Pacifies the East, Inspector of Jizhou, Duke of Bohai, with the posthumous title "Ding." His nephew Shu Nian inherited his title, and Emperor Gaozu named him Hui. Hui's father was a descendant of Marshal Yi of Murong Wei. Hui, during the Huangxing period, was initially a student in the Imperial Academy. Later, he inherited the title of Fuchengzi, gradually rising to become the Prefect of the Crown Prince's Household. After Emperor Dezong ascended the throne, he appointed Hui as the Chief Official of Huazhou. During his time in Huazhou, Hui punished the Gentleman of the Palace Attendants, Dong Zhison, which led to an impeachment by the Deputy Left of the Secretariat, Wei Ji, resulting in his dismissal. Shortly after, he was appointed as General Who Guards the Frontier, Inspector of Anzhou. The simple, kind folks in the mountains of Anzhou lived together with their families and guests. When Hui arrived, he ordered them to live apart, altering Anzhou's customs. Later, he was summoned back to the capital, appointed as the Chief Historian under the Grand Commandant, and sent several times to Dingzhou and Xuzhou to manage state affairs. He was later promoted to General of the Rear and Inspector of Fenzhou.
When Emperor Suzong had just ascended the throne, Hui was appointed as the Governor of Liangzhou and also given the title of Right General, but he firmly declined the position. The court then appointed him as General of the North and Governor of Yingzhou. At that time, Yingzhou had just experienced a major rebellion and suffered from floods, resulting in severe hardship for the people. Hui submitted a memorial to the court requesting relief for the people and exemption from military service, which earned him the deep gratitude of the people of Yingzhou. Later, he served as Minister of Finance. Shortly afterwards, he was promoted to Grand Central Inspector of Jizhou. A man named Zheng Yun from Xingyang courted favor with the Minister of Works Liu Teng, gifting him four hundred bolts of purple silk, and as a result, obtained the position of Governor of Anzhou. As soon as the appointment letter arrived in the morning, he went to visit Hui in the afternoon. Before he could sit down, he asked Hui, "Do you know that I have been appointed as Governor of Anzhou? What do you think should be done to improve the governance of the people in Anzhou?" Hui replied, "You have received the Emperor's favor and hold a high position of power. While you can't directly pull weeds by the roadside or assist women weaving like the ancient sage kings, you should still come up with strategies to help the people. How can you ask me for advice on governance right after your appointment? I'm not a merchant, so how can I give you any good ideas?" Zheng Yun was so embarrassed that his face turned crimson.
During the reign of Empress Dowager Ling, when she presided over the court, she summoned all the officials to inquire about the successes and failures of the country's governance. The officials were silent, except for Hui, who spoke up: "In the past, when Confucius served as Minister of Justice, he executed Shao Zhengmao in just ten days, which brought stability to the state of Lu and reduced deceit and treachery. Ji Dan enforced punishments without sparing even his own kin, leading to the prosperity of the Zhou dynasty. King Xu of Yan focused solely on benevolence and righteousness, yet his kingdom ultimately fell. Historically, strict law enforcement has been essential for effective governance. Recently, due to the leniency and negligence of some local officials, the people's interests have been compromised, resulting in a surge of theft and banditry. I urge the Empress Dowager to issue a decree for strict law enforcement, in order to deter those who have not yet committed crimes." Empress Dowager Ling concurred with his view, but ultimately chose not to act on it. Later, Hui was appointed as the Minister of War and concurrently as the Chief of the Imperial Secretariat. The Minister of the Right, Yuan Qin, was found to be having an affair with his cousin's wife, Cui, and Hui impeached him. He was praised by contemporaries. He was later appointed as the General Who Guards the East and the Governor of Ji Province.
During the reign of Emperor Suzong of Tang, he was summoned to serve as the Minister of the Palace Library, and he repeatedly submitted requests to resign, eventually being appointed as the Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. In the early years of Emperor Zhuangzong of Tang, he was assassinated in Heyin at the age of seventy-seven. He was posthumously honored with the titles of Palace Attendant, General of Chariots and Cavalry, Duke of Siku County, and Governor of Dingzhou, with the posthumous title of Xiaoxuan.
His eldest son, Longzhi, served as Privy Treasurer and Inspector of Qizhou during the Wuding era, and was granted the title of Duke of Kaiguo. His son, Zihui, served as the Prefect of Bohai during the Wuding era.
Longzhi's younger brother was named Xingzhi, courtesy name Zuzhou, known for his uprightness and simple lifestyle. He began as a Doctor of the Imperial Academy and later advanced to Gentleman of the Palace Exterior. He was later appointed as the Chief of the Pingbei Prefecture in Yingzhou and Jizhou, where he garnered notable political achievements and earned a strong reputation. He passed away in the Xiaochang era. During the Tianping era, he was posthumously honored with the titles of Cavalier Attendant, General Who Calms the Army, and Governor of Yong Province. He was subsequently posthumously appointed as Minister of the Palace Library, receiving the posthumous title of Wen.
Xingzhi's son is called Xiaowan, courtesy name Ziqian, who served as a middle-ranking official during the Wuding period. Xiaowan's younger brother, Xiaoyan, served as a secretary.
Xingzhi's younger brother, Yanzhi, courtesy name Zuye, rose to the position of General of Cavalry and Governor of Qingzhou during the Tianping period, and was granted the title of Duke of Shan County.
After marrying into the royal family as a member of the Hui ethnic group, Monu requested Emperor Xianzhu to posthumously honor her father with the title of General Jian Ningyuan and Governor of Cangshui.
Jian's son Lin, courtesy name Yanbao, was recommended as a scholar of tribute by the local government in the late years of Emperor Xianzhu's reign and was appointed as a Doctor in the Central Secretariat. In the early years of Emperor Gaozu's reign, Lin participated in military operations in the south during a campaign. Later, he served as the envoy of seven states in Henan. After returning to court, he was appointed as a Gentleman-in-Waiting of the Central Secretariat, and together with the Palace Attendant and Prince of Nanping, Feng Dan, drafted laws and regulations. The court rewarded him with six hundred shi of chestnuts, six hundred bolts of silk, and one horse and one cow. He was later promoted to Grand Historian and then transferred to Minister of Ancestral Worship, and at that time, people praised him as an elder. He once acted as the governor of Dongyanzhou. After the officials reformed, he was appointed as Grand Historian of the Minister of Works. He was then sent to serve as General of Loyalty and Governor of South Qingzhou, concurrently holding the titles of Palace Attendant and Envoy of the Western Route. After returning to court, he concurrently served as a Grand Minister and was later transferred to the Interior Minister of Guangping, also serving as a Grand Minister of Ceremonies. In the late years of Emperor Shizong's reign, he was appointed as Rear General and Governor of Xiazhou. He was later summoned back to court to serve as General of An Dong and Grand Minister of Ceremonies. He passed away in the second year of the Shen Gui period and was posthumously honored with the titles of Envoy with command authority, General of the Pacification Army, and Governor of Xiangzhou.
His son Yuancheng and Yuancheng's son Sheng both died young.
Sheng's son Shi served as the Governor of Pei County during the Wuding period.
Lin's son Su is mentioned in the "Biographies of the Literary Circle."
My maternal grandfather's cousin, named Zikai, given name Situ, was a grandson of Yi. His father, Murong Quan, served as a court official and Minister of Rites under Murong Chui. Zikai himself held the positions of Palace Attendant and Cavalry Officer. Later, he relocated to the state of Dai, where his reputation even surpassed that of my grandfather, Murong Xuan. Unfortunately, like my grandfather, he was executed because of his ties to the Sima clan. Zikai's wife was the elder sister of my grandmother, the Lu family.
Zikai's son, Boda, left his mother and wife, Li, and ran off to the southern region of Hebiao, where he married again to a woman from the Fang family. By the end of the reign of Emperor Xianzu of Northern Wei, Boda's son, Xiu Jie, returned to Northern Wei. At that time, his grandmother, Lu, was still alive at the age of one hundred, while his biological mother, Li, had already passed away. During the reign of Emperor Gaozu, Xiu Jie was appointed as the governor of Hejian for his contributions to the reunification efforts, and he also served as an advisor in the Prince of Xianyang's court in Jizhou.
Xiu Jie's brother, Lingyou, served as the magistrate of Qingzhou and governor of Bohai under Liu Yilong of Liu Song. Later, after Murong Baiyao pacified the Three Qis, Lingyou surrendered to him with two hundred men and was granted the title of Xiami Zi. He was subsequently promoted to General Jianwei and governor of Bohai before eventually passing away. His son, Jinshou, inherited his title. During the reign of Emperor Suzong, Jinshou served as the magistrate of Yangzhou but was executed after crossing Inspector Yuan Zhi, an event recorded in the "Records of the Scribes." Jinshou's son was named Ziyou, and during the Wuding era, he served as a military officer in the central government. Jinshou's brother, Bang, died while serving as a deputy official in Jizhou. Bang's brother, Can, began his career as a military officer in Jingzhou, later held the position of military officer overseeing water affairs under the Minister of Works, and ascended all the way to General of the Eastern Expedition and Chief of Staff in Guangzhou. After returning to court, he served as a Grand Master of Rites and eventually passed away, and was posthumously granted the titles of General of the Guard and Inspector of Jizhou.
My uncle Murong Gui, courtesy name Guangdu, is calm, cautious, and a tireless learner who is well-versed in classical texts and historical records. He has a very good relationship with Wu Yisun Huiwei, the Grand Master of Ceremonies, who often praises Murong Gui, saying, "Feng Sheng (a reference to Murong Gui) excels not only in the interpretation of scriptures but also in grasping the overarching principles and managing the big picture. In many ways, I can't hold a candle to him!" Murong Gui values personal cultivation and has a remarkable appearance. Some say, "Scholars don’t need to worry about their appearance; why does this wise man care so much about how he looks?" Upon hearing this, Murong Gui smiled and replied, "A gentleman should tidy his clothing and cap, and present himself properly. Why must one be disheveled to be considered wise?" The person who made the remark felt ashamed and left.
During the Taihe era, he was appointed as an Assistant to the Author and soon after promoted to the Minister of Rites, and also served as an honorary Cavalry Attendant. Later, he was sent on a diplomatic mission to Goryeo. The Goryeo king, taking advantage of his remote location, feigned illness to avoid receiving the decree in person. This official questioned him sternly, laying out the bigger picture, and only then did the king of Goryeo obediently face north to pay his respects and accept the edict.
Earlier, the Khitan had kidnapped over sixty of our border citizens, who were later held by Goryeo and sent east. This official detailed the situation to the court and wrote to Goryeo demanding the hostages, which ultimately led to their return. The authorities reported that he had successfully completed the court’s mission in that remote area and had effectively pacified the people, allowing the border residents to live in peace, and he should be promoted. Emperor Sejong issued a decree saying, "Even though he only temporarily got the people back, this is part of an official's duty, and his contributions are clear to everyone, and he deserves a promotion." As a result, he was promoted to Minister of Examination and reassigned as the local magistrate.
Later, Cui Xiu, the governor of Bohai, became a minister in the central government and sought to leverage his brother's past connections to gain assistance from this official. The official said, "The law is the standard for all; it cannot be violated because of old friendships!" Cui Xiu greatly admired his integrity. While serving in the court, everyone felt that he had a refined demeanor. He once submitted a proposal to the court, recommending that four scholars and experts in classical studies be dispatched to provincial capitals to assess students. The emperor approved his suggestion. Soon after, he was appointed as a national scholar, promoted to General of Yangwu, and temporarily appointed as a court attendant, sent to Fen Prefecture to慰问 the mountain people.
The Minister of Works and King Yi of Qinghe submitted a proposal to build the Ming Hall and the Bi Yong, and the emperor allowed all officials to discuss the matter together. The result of the discussion was: the Ming Hall serves as a palace for state affairs, built in the southern part of the country, symbolizing that the monarch embodies the seriousness and solemnity of the Heavenly Emperor, formulating laws and educating the people on time. The construction specifications for the Ming Hall have long been established. The "Zhou Guan: Craftsman's Duties" states: the Xia Dynasty employed the Shishi, the Shang Dynasty utilized the Zhongwu, and the Zhou Dynasty adopted the Ming Hall, all following the style of five rooms, nine steps, four doors, and eight windows. Zheng Xuan explained that sometimes it refers to ancestral temples, sometimes to royal palaces, and sometimes to the Ming Hall, but they all mean the same thing, indicating that their systems are the same. Therefore, the Ming Halls of the Three Dynasties had the same style. Although there were some additions and changes in the Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties, once it came to the Ming Hall, there were no further changes, indicating that the five-room system aligns with the heavenly order. Thus, Zheng Xuan further stated: five rooms symbolize the five elements; nine steps symbolize the nine provinces; four doors symbolize the four seasons; eight windows symbolize the eight directions. This represents a fundamental, unchanging norm—a model that every nation ought to adhere to.
As for the explanation that the hall above is round and the hall below is square, symbolizing heaven and earth; the palace is surrounded by water, symbolizing the observation of heavenly phenomena; the roof is thatched and adorned in white; the doors and windows are adorned in red and white, all of which are recorded in ancient texts and have clear meanings stipulated in the system. By the time of the Qin Dynasty, with the burning of books and burying of scholars, the previous classics were destroyed, and the institutions of the Three Dynasties were abolished, altering the institutions of the ancient sages and not adhering to previous rules. Therefore, the term "nine chambers" appeared in "Lüshi Chunqiu · Monthly Ordinances," while "Da Dai Liji" presented the theory of twelve halls. The Han Dynasty inherited the laws of the Qin Dynasty and was unable to change them, so both the Eastern and Western Capitals had halls of nine chambers. Thus, "Huangtu," "Baihu Tong," and figures like Cai Yong and Ying Shao all stated that the nine chambers symbolize the nine provinces, and the twelve halls symbolize the twelve branches of the zodiac. In fact, the chambers are used for worshiping heaven, while the halls are for handling state affairs. Worshiping heaven must conform to the number of heavenly bodies, so there cannot be more than five chambers; handling state affairs must align with the seasons, so there cannot be more than four halls. The nine provinces and twelve branches should not be emulated; what purpose do nine and twelve serve? Now, if the sovereign wishes to uphold virtue and instruct the people, refining rituals to enlighten all beings, he should adopt a system of five chambers as a permanent institution. Regarding the issues of temple schools and platforms, Yuan Zhun and others have already discussed them, and their opinions still stand, so there is no need to repeat them. Later, he was promoted to the governor of Dongjun, then to General of the Front Army, acting as the governor of Xiazhou. He enjoyed formulating rules and regulations, achieving political accomplishments wherever he went. He was then promoted to Grand Master of the Heir Apparent, and later to Minor Minister of Justice, and was also granted the title of General for Capturing the Enemy. After his death, he was posthumously awarded the title of Right General and the Governor of Jizhou.
Initially, Guo Zuo valued Feng Gui's talents, who frequently said to his son Jing Shang, "Feng Gui and Gao Chuo are both pillars of the nation and are bound to accomplish great things in the future. I've never casually recommended anyone in my life, but every time I recommend these two, it is not only for the country's talent selection but also to ensure you have good support in the future." This illustrates Guo Zuo's high regard for Feng Gui. Feng Gui has always prioritized integrity, and Gao Chuo is known for his grace. Later, when the Minister of Personnel Gao Zhao was promoted to Grand Tutor, Gao Chuo visited him, frequently coming and going to send off and welcome him, while Feng Gui didn't make an appearance at all. After not seeing Feng Gui, Gao Chuo quickly returned and said, "I've always believed I've never acted against the rules in my life, but today, compared to Feng Gui, I realize how lacking I am!" Feng Gui viewed the emphasis on virtue and careful speech and behavior as the foundation of self-cultivation; he believed that treachery, flattery, slander, and malicious gossip were significant issues that plagued the nation. As a result, he authored four essays: "On Virtue," "Cautious Speech," "Avoiding Flattery," and "Preventing Treachery," but I won't delve into the specifics.
The eldest son of Feng Gui is named Feng Weibo, courtesy name Junliang. He is knowledgeable and talented, and at a young age became a doctorate holder at the Imperial Academy. Whenever there were major discussions in the court, Weibo would participate. He was also appreciated by the Grand Guardian Cui Guang and the Minister of Works You Zhao. When Prince Qinghe served as Grand Commandant, he appointed Weibo as a military consultant. Prince Qinghe was annotating the "Classic of Filial Piety" at the time, and he had Weibo draft nine articles addressing difficult issues, clarifying some obscure passages in the text. Weibo also provided explanations for dozens of difficult problems in the "Book of Rites," "Spring and Autumn Annals," "Book of Songs," and "Book of Changes," which many scholars praised at the time. Later, when it was decided to build the Ming Hall, they sought opinions from Confucian scholars and debated the system of the Ming Hall for a long time without reaching a conclusion. Weibo consulted many ancient texts and presented six volumes of "Illustrations of the Ming Hall." Towards the end of the Zhengguang era, the Minister of Works You Zhao brought him to the western provincial government as a Langzhong. Later, when You Zhao rebelled, Weibo secretly contacted Wei Zican and other powerful figures in Guanzhong with the Southern Ping King Jiong, planning to rebel. When the plot was discovered, Weibo was killed at the age of only thirty-six, and people at the time lamented his loss. During the Yong'an era, the court posthumously conferred upon him the titles of Cavalier Attendant, General Who Subdues the Caitiffs, and Inspector of Yingzhou, permitting one of his sons to hold an official position. Since Weibo had no sons, this official position was granted to his third brother, Feng Yi. Weibo also wrote six volumes of "Genealogy of the Feng Family," as well as several poems, fu, inscriptions, and miscellaneous writings.
Weibo's younger brother is named Feng Ye, courtesy name Junxiu. He served as an Imperial Secretary and died young. Ye's younger brother is named Feng Yi, courtesy name Junzan. He was strikingly handsome and of robust build. Due to the achievements of his brother Weibo, he was appointed as Deputy Director of the Imperial Clan, and later promoted to General of the Valiant Cavalry. He died during the Wuding era. The youngest brother, named Junyi, served as the Assistant Minister of Justice during the Wuding era. His brother, named Jun, courtesy name Jingwen, held the position of Senior Clerk in the Ministry of War during the Wuding era.
The historical records say: Gao Jinghou was exceptionally talented and knowledgeable; he was able to seize opportunities, and his character and reputation were highly regarded. Future generations included him in their list of talented individuals; even heaven praised him! Cui Cheng, while he was talented and knowledgeable, was one of the most distinguished young talents of his era. However, he often overlooked important details, which ultimately led to his downfall. Despite Gao Jinghou's remarkable achievements and virtues, his family line did not endure. Cui Cheng's sons, Cui Feng and Cui Yi, both survived, while Cui Hui brought honor to their family. Their family can be considered to have a bright future.
