Mu Chong was from Daijun. His ancestors served the court during the reigns of the emperors Shen Yuan, Huan, and Mu, who produced many loyal officials. Mu Chong was quick-witted and agile, and in his youth, he got into some petty mischief. When Taizu was still in the Dugu clan, Mu Chong often brought him things, serving him with exceptional attentiveness that others couldn't rival.
Later, when Liu Xian plotted to rebel, Liang Juan, the grandson of Emperor Pingwen, found out and secretly sent Mu Chong to inform Taizu. Liang Juan told Mu Chong, "If Liu Xian asks about you, you must remain loyal to the court. Even if you are beheaded, you cannot reveal any information!" Liang Juan then gave his beloved wife and horse to Mu Chong, saying, "If things are exposed, I will use these to prove my innocence." Mu Chong hurried to deliver the message, and Taizu immediately went to the Helan clan. When Liu Xian suspected Liang Juan of leaking his plans and wanted to capture him, Mu Chong intentionally shouted loudly, "Liang Juan is ungrateful and actually helped Liu Xian rebel. I've just taken his wife and horse to avenge him!" Liu Xian believed it to be true.
When Kuduo launched an attack, Mu Chong's nephew and his allies conspired to capture Taizu and surrender to Kuduo. They told Mu Chong, "Kuduo has already risen, and everyone is surrendering to him. This is a golden opportunity for wealth and glory. Uncle, act quickly!" That very night, Mu Chong informed Taizu. Taizu killed Huan and the others, crossed the Yin Mountains, and returned to the Helan clan. Taizu held Mu Chong in high regard and trusted him immensely.
After Emperor Taizu became King of Wei, he appointed Mu Chong as the General of Suppressing the Enemy. Following that, Emperor Taizu pacified the Central Plains and was granted the title of Duke of Liyang, also becoming a Court Attendant. Later, he was promoted to Grand Marshal and further appointed as an Imperial Attendant, with his title changed to Duke of Anyi. He also accompanied Emperor Taizu in the campaign against the Gaoche and returned with a great victory. When Yao Xing besieged Luoyang, Sima Dezong sent the general Xin Gongjing to seek help, and Emperor Taizu dispatched Mu Chong with six thousand cavalry to provide support. However, before they arrived, Xin Gongjing was defeated, so Emperor Taizu ordered Mu Chong to garrison at Yewang and appointed him as the Governor of Yuzhou, while keeping his title of General of Suppressing the Enemy. Later, he was recalled to court to serve as Grand Marshal and was re-titled Duke of Yidu. In the third year of Tianzi, Mu Chong passed away. Earlier, when King Wei Yi plotted a rebellion, Mu Chong was also involved. However, considering his contributions, Emperor Taizu chose to conceal this matter. When the relevant authorities were set to confer a posthumous title on him, Emperor Taizu personally reviewed the "Laws of Posthumous Titles" and saw that "unable to fulfill duty" corresponded to "Ding." Emperor Taizu said, "This character is just right!" Thus, Mu Chong's posthumous title was "Ding Gong."
At first, Emperor Taizu avoided the attacks of the Kudu forces and sent Chong to assess the people's sentiments. That night, Chong arrived among the common people, leaving his horse and attendants outside, and disguised himself to sneak into the enemy camp. As luck would have it, a fire broke out, and a rice-pounding maid saw it, alerting the bandits. Unable to find his attendants, Chong hid in a pit and waited until the situation calmed down before sneaking away on horseback. He ran to a large marsh to rest, where a white wolf called out to him. Chong suddenly understood something and hurriedly rode after the white wolf. Not long after, the pursuers arrived, and thus, Chong narrowly escaped. Emperor Taizu found this quite strange and ordered a temple to be built in honor of Chong, where his descendants would honor him for generations. During the Taihe period, when recording the merits of contributors, Chong was also allowed to receive worship.
Chong's eldest son was Sui Liu, who later became a senior official. He achieved merit in the campaign against the Ruanruan people and was granted the title of Marquis of Lingling, but was later dismissed due to an error. His son, Yi Jiu, was known for his integrity and virtue. He was honored with the title of Duke of Fucheng for his achievements and later promoted to General Jianzhong (建忠将军), and subsequently to Sanqi Changshi (散骑常侍), Neisheng Huangling, and Shizhong. After his death, he was posthumously granted the title Duke Jing.
Chong's other son was Zhen, who initially served in a minor position at court, later transferred to work in the Crown Prince's East Palace, and married the Great Wall Princess, becoming the Duke of the Imperial Guard. He was later commanded by the emperor to divorce and married the elder sister of Empress Wenming. He then advanced to the role of Minister of the South and Shizhong. After his death, he was posthumously honored with the title Duke Xuan. Emperor Gaozu held Chong's contributions in high regard and commissioned officials Han Xianzong and Zhen to jointly write an inscription, which was erected on Mount Baideng.
Zhen's son was Tai, who was originally named Shiluo, a name bestowed upon him by Emperor Gaozu. Because his father was a distinguished minister, he married Princess Zhangwu, becoming the Duke of the Imperial Guard, and was responsible for overseeing the Four Departments of Feather Hunting, receiving the title of Marquis of Fengyi. He later rose to the position of Minister of the Hall, was additionally granted the title of Sanqi Changshi and General Anxi, and was promoted to Duke. He was then sent out to serve as General of the Southern Town and Governor of Luozhou, but was later demoted to Marquis. Not long after, he was recalled to the court, serving as Right Guanglu Dafu and Right Pushe in the Ministry. He was again sent out as an envoy with the command, General of the Northern Town, and Governor of Dingzhou. Later, he was regranted the title of Founding Marquis of Fengyi, with an estate comprising five hundred households, and eventually promoted to General of the Northern Campaign.
At the beginning, Empress Dowager Wenming placed Gaozu under house arrest, with the intention of deposing him. Grand Preceptor Yuantai strongly advised against it, which ultimately stopped this from happening. Emperor Gaozu was very grateful to him and bestowed many gifts upon him, treating him exceptionally well. Later, Yuantai claimed he had been ill for a long time and requested to be appointed as an official in Hengzhou. Therefore, Emperor Gaozu sent Lu Rui to Dingzhou and had Yuantai take his place. Yuantai did not want to move to the capital city, and before Lu Rui could depart, Yuantai had already arrived in Dingzhou. So, Yuantai secretly conspired with Lu Rui to rebel.
He united with Lu Rui, Marquis Anle Yuanlong, Marquis of Lu County Yuan Ye, General of Agile Cavalry Yuan Chao, Marquis of Yangping He Tou, Captain of Archers Yuan Leping, Former Town General of Pengcheng Yuan Ba, Prefect of Dai County Yuan Zhen, General of the North Le Ling Prince Siyu, and others, intending to proclaim Prince of Yangping Yi of Shuozhou as emperor. Prince of Yangping Yi disagreed, and Yuantai pretended to appease him but secretly reported the matter to Emperor Gaozu. Emperor Gaozu then dispatched Prince of Rencheng Cheng with an army to suppress them. Prince of Rencheng Cheng first sent the Imperial Secretary Li Huan alone on horseback to enter Daizhou, catching the rebel forces off guard. Yuantai and his followers were surprised and did not know what to do. Li Huan reasoned with them and explained the dangers of rebellion, causing the rebel forces to waver, no longer listening to Yuantai.
Realizing that he was bound to fail, Yuantai led a few hundred followers to attack the city gate where Li Huan was located, hoping to achieve a victory. However, he failed and fled on horseback alone from the western city gate, only to be captured. Prince of Rencheng Cheng arrived soon after and captured all the rebels. Emperor Gaozu personally visited Daizhou, met with the captured rebels, inquired about the rebellion, and ultimately had Yuantai and his followers executed.
Yuantai's son, Yuan Bozhi, studied in the Eastern Palace when he was eight and was appointed as the Prince's Groom and Cavalry Attendant at the age of ten. He also married Princess Raoyang and became the Cavalry Commandant. Sadly, he passed away at a young age, leaving behind a son, Yuan Jie.
Yuan Bozhi's younger brother Yuan Shiru, style name Shuxian, was once demoted to Liangzhou but was later allowed to return. He served as Grand Commandant. His son Yuan Rong was Prefect of Ji County during the Wuding era.
Another younger brother of Yuan Tai, Yuan Niutou, served as Court Attendant and Minister of the Northern Department. After his death, he was posthumously honored with the title of Minister of Works, with the posthumous title of 'Jing.' His son Yuan Puban served as Chief Clerk of the Imperial Secretariat, General of Pacification, and Governor of Jingzhou. After his death, he was posthumously appointed as General Who Conquers the West, Governor of Yongzhou, with the posthumous title of 'Zhao.' His son Yuan Shao, style name Fuxing, served as Gentleman-in-Waiting, Prefect of Dai County, General Who Conquers the East, and Imperial Secretary. After his death, he was posthumously appointed as Imperial Commissioner and Military Governor overseeing the provinces of Ji, Xiang, and Yin, General of Cavalry, and Inspector of Jizhou, with the posthumous title of 'Wen.' His son Yuan Zunbo served as Governor of Youzhou.
Younger brother Yin Guan inherited the title, whose courtesy name was Taba. He was talented from a young age and became quite famous, and later selected to serve as an inner court official in the palace, where he served the emperor, who held him in high regard. After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, Yin Guan was appointed the Left Guard General, overseeing the political affairs of the Menxia and Zhongshu Departments, responsible for conveying the emperor's orders. In handling political affairs, he had a clear memory of past matters and missed no details, which left Emperor Taizong greatly impressed. Later, he married Princess Yiyang, earning the title of Duke Consort, and gradually rose through the ranks until he became Grand Minister. During Emperor Shizong's regency, Yin Guan was an important assistant to him, leading the court's affairs externally and managing various internal matters around the emperor, making decisions on both major and minor matters. He was always smiling, never showing anger or excessive joy. He was humble and cautious, skilled at leading others, and never letting wealth or status make him proud or complacent. In the eighth year of the Taichang era, he suddenly fell ill and died in the palace gardens at the age of thirty-five. Emperor Taizong personally went to express condolences, deeply saddened, he bestowed upon him a coffin made of golden-threaded nanmu wood, with funeral arrangements comparable to those of Wang Shusun of Ancheng. After his death, he was posthumously honored as the King of Yidu and given the posthumous title of Wencheng. Whenever Emperor Shizong dined and chatted with his ministers, he often lamented Yin Guan's merits, noting that since the Taichang years, no officials—civil or military—who helped the emperor achieve his successes could compare to him, showing just how great his reputation was.
His son Yin Shou inherited the title and was chosen from a young age to serve in the Eastern Palace because of his father's connections. He married Princess Le Ling and was granted the title of Commandant. Yin Shou was intelligent and inherited his father's virtues. The Emperor admired him greatly, promoted him to a high official position, and appointed him as Minister. He was known for his wit and reputation in the court. Later, he was promoted to Palace Attendant, concurrently served as Minister of the South, and was later elevated to Prince of Yidu and appointed Grand General of the East. However, Yin Shou humbly declined, stating: "My ancestor Yin Chong, during the reign of the previous emperor, the country was in peril, but by the grace of Heaven, our family sincerely prayed for the country, which allowed us to serve in the court and pass this blessing on to future generations. When Chen Ping received rewards from the Emperor, he credited his success to luck, and now the court has yet to record the rewards for the founding heroes. I have enjoyed wealth and honor for generations, not only falling short of the virtues of our ancestors but also failing to repay the nation's grace!" The Emperor respected his character and posthumously granted titles to his descendants, bestowing the title of Marquis upon his grandson.
The emperor is preparing to march on Liangzhou, ordering Shou to assist the crown prince so he can take full control of military and political affairs, with all internal and external matters under his responsibility. When the emperor arrived in Yunzhong and was preparing to cross the Yellow River, he hosted a banquet for the generals in the palace. The emperor privately summoned Shou, Minister Cui Hao, and Secretary Li Shun to a quiet room. The emperor said to Shou, "The Rouran leader Wu Ti is colluding with the Tuyuhun tribe. Now that they have heard I am going to Liangzhou, they will definitely come to invade the border. If we set up ambushes in the southern desert, it will be easy to eliminate them. So I will leave behind elite troops and horses for you to assist the crown prince. After harvesting the crops, you can set up ambushes in important locations, wait for the enemy to arrive, lure them deep in, and then attack them. We will definitely catch them. Liangzhou is far away, and I cannot return to rescue. If you disobey my orders and let the enemy invade, I’ll have you executed when I get back! Cui Hao, Li Shun, bear witness, I am not joking!" Shou quickly bowed his head in acceptance. However, Shou relied on divination, convinced the enemy wouldn’t come, so he made no preparations. Unexpectedly, Wu Ti did come and even reached Shanwu, sending shockwaves through the capital. Shou didn't know what to do, wanting to fortify the West Gate and suggesting the crown prince retreat to the Nanshan Mountains. Empress Dowager Hui disagreed, and the plan was scrapped. Finally, the Minister of Works, Changsun Daosheng, and others repelled the enemy. When the emperor returned, because the losses were not great, Shou's responsibility was not pursued. While the crown prince was acting as regent, Shou, Cui Hao, and others assisted in political affairs. Everyone respected Cui Hao, except for Shou, who held him in contempt. Shou was very arrogant, thinking he was the best in the world, telling his son, "As long as you and I can do it, it is enough to surpass others, no need to waste effort teaching you." He treated his uncles and cousins like servants, dining with his wife while his uncles had to settle for leftovers. His arrogance and rudeness made him a target of ridicule among his contemporaries. In the eighth year of the Zhenjun era, Shou passed away and was posthumously granted the title of Grand Commandant, along with the honorific title Wenxuan.
His son inherited the title, married Princess Chengyang, and was granted the title of Duke of the Imperial Son-in-law and General, Minister of Internal Affairs, and Chief of the Central Secretariat, becoming one of the four chief ministers assisting the Crown Prince. He passed away in the first year of the Zhengping era.
His son Fugang inherited the title, married Princess Jibei, and was granted the title of Duke of the Imperial Son-in-law. He died in the second year of the Heping era, posthumously titled Kang, and had no sons.
Fugang's brother Pi inherited the title, married Princess Xinping, and was granted the title of Duke of the Imperial Son-in-law. He also served as the general of Hulao Town and frequently faced penalties for misconduct. Emperor Gaozu, being forgiving because he was a descendant of a meritorious minister, pardoned him.
This general was first appointed as the Eastern General and the commander of Tujing Town. He was clear in rewards and punishments and held himself to strict standards. At that time, the Hu people in Xihe rebelled, and the general wanted to suppress them, but the commander Guo Luotou from Lishi refused to obey the order. The general then submitted a letter of self-criticism, stating that he lacked the authority to command respect and requested punishment. Emperor Gaozu removed Guo Luotou from his post. Later, the Shanhu tribe led by Liu Shiba attacked the counties, and the general led his troops to eliminate them. From then on, the region he governed became stable, and everyone respected and feared him. Eventually, Tujing Town was renamed Fenzhou, and the general continued to serve as the governor.
Liu Sheng, the former Governor of Tu Jing, accomplished many good deeds during his tenure and was deeply beloved by the people, returning to the capital after his term ended. As a result, over 800 Hu people approached the general, asking him to return. Former Dingyang County magistrate Wu Pingren also gained the people's hearts, and the population grew significantly. The general petitioned the court to allow them to continue in office due to their popularity, and Emperor Gaozu agreed. The general recommended Liu Sheng and others many times, and the officials under his command worked diligently. His reputation and benevolence spread throughout the land, and the people lived in peace and prosperity. Over 700 residents from Fenzhou, including Li Gui and Guo Jizu, went to the court to extol the general's virtues! Emperor Gaozu saw the general's good governance and the people's support for him, so he promoted his official position and extended his term.
Later, the general was appointed as Guanglu Xun in the central government, and as per convention, he was granted the title of founding duke of Weijun, with a fief of 500 households. He subsequently served as the General of the North and Inspector of Yanzhou, stationed in Guangning. Shortly after, he was appointed as the Commander of military affairs in Xiazhou and Gaoping, while continuing as General and also serving as Inspector of Xiazhou, stationed in Tongwan. He later became a Privy Councilor and the Director of the Palace Library. When Mutai rebelled, the general secretly colluded with him. He was later pardoned, but after the incident was exposed, his title was stripped, and he was reduced to commoner status. He eventually passed away at home. During the reign of Emperor Shizong, he was posthumously granted the titles of General of the North and Inspector of Hengzhou.
His son Jian, courtesy name Wanxing, had a straightforward personality and loved reading. He started as a secretary and gradually rose to the position of General of the Eastern Front, and also took on the role of military advisor. His wife was the sister of Er Zhu Rong, which meant he was always dependent on Er Zhu Rong. After Er Zhu Rong entered Luoyang, he was appointed General of the Eastern Town, Grand Minister of the Golden and Purple, General of the Northern Campaign, and granted the title of Duke of Jibei. He was later promoted to Court Attendant, Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, Grand Minister of the Left, and served as a Minister of State as well, as well as Director of the Northern Road and Governor of Bingzhou. When Yuan Ye became emperor, he concurrently served as the Right Minister of State and was soon promoted to Palace Attendant and Grand General of the Cavalry. By the end of Emperor Xiaowu's reign, he held the positions of General of the Army, Deputy of the Three Offices, and Governor of Luozhou. During the Tianping years, he was involved in a scandal and subsequently took his own life in the northern part of Wuyuan City.
His other son Qianya held the position of Minister of Rites during the Wuding period. Jian's younger brother Yan, whose courtesy name was Jinxing, started as a junior official and was granted the title of Duke of Xinxing County. He later rose to the position of Palace Attendant and also served as the chief administrator of Yunzhou. His brother Liang, courtesy name Youfu, nicknamed Laosheng, was very charming from a young age. During the reign of Xianzhu, he began serving as a Palace Attendant. He later married the Princess of Zhongshan and was conferred the title of Duke Consort, King of Zhao County, and was additionally appointed as Palace Attendant and Grand General of the Southern Campaign, later changing his title to King of Changle. In the early years of Emperor Gaozu's reign, he was appointed as the Envoy with Special Authority and Governor of Qinzhou. Shortly after taking office in Qinzhou, he made notable political achievements and earned a strong reputation. He was then recalled by the court to serve as Minister of the Imperial Court and was promoted to Envoy with Special Authority, Grand General of the Western Campaign, Commander of the Western Barbarians, and General of Dunhuang. His governing style was relaxed and straightforward, and he often provided relief to the impoverished people, so after he was recalled to the court, the people greatly missed him.
Later, he was appointed as the military governor of the three provinces of Qin, Liang, and Yi, General of the Southern Expedition, Commander of the Western Barbarians, and commander of Quchi. At that time, the King of Dangchang, Liang Miji, had died, and his son, Mibo, succeeded to the throne. He was pressured by the Tuyuhun and fled to Quchi for refuge. Liang felt that Miji had been very loyal to the court and lamented his downfall; meanwhile, Mibo was brutal and violent, rejected by the Di and Qiang tribes. Miji's nephew, Micheng, was well-loved by the local populace, so Liang submitted a petition to install Micheng as king. Emperor Gaozu approved the request. Thus, Liang led 30,000 cavalry, stationed at Longhu, defeated the Tuyuhun, and returned to court only after installing Micheng as king. At that time, Dong Gengnu and others from the Jialing and Bigu Qiang tribes led thousands of people to raid Quchi, stationed at Yangxia Ridge. Liang's deputy commander, Yang Lingzhen, led the cavalry to drive them away. The Di tribe's prominent figure, Yang Bu, had been with the army in campaigns since Yanxing, participating in twenty-one battles, but remained anonymous after arriving at Quchi. Liang submitted a recommendation for Yang Bu to serve as the governor of Guangye, which pleased the local elites and brought stability to the region.
After that, he was recalled by the court to serve as a palace attendant and Right Deputy Minister of Personnel. At that time, the court re-established Sizhou. Emperor Gaozu said, "Sizhou has just been established; it has no officials yet. We need to appoint a Zhongzheng to select talents. However, the position of Zhongzheng must be held by someone of high virtue and reputation. During the reign of Emperor Shizu, Cui Hao served as the Zhongzheng of Jizhou, and Changsun Song served as the Zhongzheng of Sizhou; it is fair to say they chose wisely. All officials should recommend suitable candidates to each other and must select someone competent." Minister of Personnel Lu Rui recommended Liang for the position of Grand Zhongzheng of Sizhou.
General Chen Xianda of the Xiaozepai faction attacked Liyang and successfully captured it. The Emperor then promoted Shen Yue to the position of General of the Southern Expedition and entrusted him with military command over six provinces—Huaizhou, Luozhou, Nanyuzhou, Beiyuzhou, Xuzhou, and Yanzhou—to confront Chen Xianda. Realizing the tide had turned against him, Chen Xianda quickly fled, and Shen Yue returned to the court.
Not long after, Shen Yue was promoted to the position of Minister of State and was also involved in revising the laws. According to protocol, his title was supposed to be downgraded to Duke.
Your Majesty, Empress Wenming passed away over a month ago. Your deep mourning has taken a toll on your health.
Zhuge Liang submitted a memorial saying: "The emperor holds an unparalleled noble position, akin to the father in heaven and the mother on earth, and should treat the people of the world with kindness. Therefore, wise rulers of ancient times established various ceremonial practices for managing state affairs that must align with the will of heaven; when issuing laws and setting precedents, they must adhere to ancient practices, ensuring the regularity of the seasons and the balance of yin and yang. If mistakes are made, disasters will follow. Emperor Shun was known for his exceptional filial piety, and his devotion was evident even before mourning for his father; Confucius, a sage, never exceeded the mourning limits prescribed by the rites. The records of Emperor Yao praise the filial virtues of ancient kings but do not mention their grief; the "Book of Rites" details the mourning ceremonies of feudal lords but lacks specifications for the mourning of the emperor. Although there are records regarding the emperor's mourning, there is no clear system for the mourning period. Therefore, those in noble positions should approach the world with humility; the wise should follow the mandate of heaven and forget personal feelings. Your Majesty, your virtues are noble, and your grace extends widely across the world; your laws and the enforcement of punishments adhere to ancient precedents. You should, with the utmost filial piety, mourn for the Empress Dowager for a year, and even when the mourning period is over, your sorrow should remain steadfast. You are the supreme ruler of the world, yet you should observe the mourning rituals just like everyone else. Yet, you have abolished the grand sacrificial ceremonies, going against the traditions of your ancestors. This is all because the Empress Dowager is exceptionally wise and her teachings profound, and your desire to repay her kindness is as vast as the heavens and earth, making it impossible to repay. Compared to previous generations, your grief is indeed excessive. How can this be considered in line with the will of heaven and still be seen as frugal and conformist? Your Majesty, you are both a child of heaven and earth and the parent of all people. When a son grieves excessively, the father will feel that sorrow too; when a father mourns excessively, the son will also feel anxious."
"Recently, I had the privilege of an audience and was close enough to see your sorrowful and worn expression. I was deeply shocked and heartbroken. Moreover, the divine spirits are highly attuned; if this continues for a long time, it may affect the harmony of yin and yang, leading to drought! The 'Book of Documents' states: 'When one person is blessed, the people of the world will also benefit.' Now, if one person is excessively sorrowful, what will become of the common people? The officials are understandably alarmed and restless, and the common people are likewise anxious; how can the people not worry? How can we hope for a bountiful harvest? I hope Your Majesty can follow the late emperor's instructions, empathize with the people's suffering, dress in lighter clothing when appropriate, regularly enjoy simple meals, faithfully perform sacrificial rites to benefit the realm; limit your travels to ease your burdens; actively seek counsel to care for your well-being; release unnecessary sorrow and focus on actions that benefit the country and its people; only then can we invite good fortune, divine protection be obtained, moral teachings be promoted, and filial piety be upheld, so that all across the land may receive your blessings, and the people will be fortunate!"
The imperial decree said: "As long as filial piety is practiced to the fullest, nothing is impossible. Now, with the strong winds and the prolonged drought, and the absence of rain, it is all due to your excessive mourning, which has not moved the heavens and the spirits. I understand the dangers of the excessive sorrow you mentioned, and this memorial has only added to my own sadness and guilt."
I need to see the Crown Prince's tutor. At that time, the Tai Chi Hall was about to be constructed, and the Emperor summoned the ministers at the Tai Hua Hall. The Emperor said: "In accordance with the late Emperor's last wishes, I am preparing to build a palace. The craftsmen are already in place, and the date for the work has been set. Now I want to move to Yongle Palace to escape the dust and noise. Although earthly objects have no feelings, it is still hard to avoid feeling sorrow when they are demolished. Therefore, I have called you all here today to say goodbye. This Tai Hua Hall was built by Emperor Gaozong, then passed down to Emperor Xianzhu, and I received the throne there in my childhood. However, the situation has changed now, and it must be rebuilt. Thinking back to the past, my heart is truly filled with deep sorrow!"
Zhuge Liang knelt and replied: "I've heard that divination is recorded in the classics, and it's been a common practice, both in ancient times and now, to resolve doubts through divination. Matters such as building a palace cannot be decided lightly. I hope Your Majesty can consult the divination sticks and tortoise shells to determine whether to proceed with the construction. Furthermore, many projects were already undertaken last year, and the Tai Miao and Ming Tang were completed in just one year. If we keep up large-scale construction every year, it will likely exhaust the people, and the common folk will be worn out. Moreover, the newly felled timber will not result in sturdy palaces; it would be wise to wait another year to let the people recover."
The emperor said, "If we ultimately decide not to build it, we can do as you say. But if we still need to build it in the future, what advantage is there in waiting another year? I have carefully studied the emperors of the past, and none of them failed to build palaces. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty's founding, they built the Spirit Altar; when the Han Dynasty was about to perish, they still built the Weiyang Palace. If this was the case in the early stages of founding, how much more so for me who has inherited the rule of the wise emperors of the past, at the height of a peaceful and prosperous time! Moreover, now that the seas are calm and the harvests are plentiful, it is the perfect time to start construction. The length of life is determined by fate; even if divination is accurate, what can we do about it? We should follow the trend; why do we still need divination?" So the emperor moved to the Yongle Palace.
The founding emperor spoke to Zhuge Liang in the court, "In ancient times, the etiquette during the Three Dynasties was to hold court at sunrise. Starting from the Han and Wei dynasties, these rituals were gradually simplified. The Jin Code stipulates that on the first and fifteenth of each month, officials should gather in the court to discuss matters, but it does not say that the emperor must be present. Now, I will use your daily noon meetings to let you discuss matters first, and after you've finished, I'll discuss your opinions with you." Then, he had the memorial read aloud, and the founding emperor personally made decisions. He then said to Zhuge Liang, "The memorial from Xuzhou requests food distribution for those who have surrendered. Emperors are like parents to the people, and we should indeed grant their request. But now Jingzhou and Yangzhou have not surrendered; the country's system is not yet unified, and I plan to personally lead a large army to campaign against Jiangzhou and Jiezhou. If ten thousand households surrender, they would require a million stones of food in a year. If we grant all their requests, the treasury will be drained. Even if we gain several million households, it won’t create a unified situation. I propose we provide relief based on the actual situation. What do you think?" Zhuge Liang replied, "Your thoughts are wise and far-sighted; this reflects your wisdom." Later, the emperor moved south, and Zhuge Liang was promoted to Grand Marshal of the Military Guards and continued to oversee central army affairs.
When Emperor Gaozu was on his southern campaign, he appointed Zhuge Liang to act as the Minister of State and stay behind in Luoyang. Later, when Emperor Gaozu planned to take a boat from Xiaoping to Shiji, Zhuge Liang advised him, saying, “I have heard of the principle of ‘always be wary in times of peace’ from the 'I Ching'; this has been a guiding principle for governance throughout history! Therefore, being in a dangerous situation without precautions can lead to a downfall that earns no sympathy. Even an ordinary person would not take their life lightly, let alone the emperor, who holds the respect of the people and is their reliance; how can the emperor afford to be careless? Thus, while living in the palace, he should travel with a large escort of cavalry and chariots. In the past, when Emperor Gaozu of Han wanted to cross the Wei River by boat, General Guan Ying wanted to smear the wheels with his own blood, which prompted Emperor Gaozu to take the bridge instead. Even when crossing a small river, he was extremely cautious; how much more cautious should one be when facing a turbulent river full of unpredictable dangers! Moreover, traveling by carriage and horses could also lead to accidents that result in failure; not to mention the speed of the water, which cannot be controlled by human power. If an accident were to occur, the consequences could be catastrophic; how could he explain this to his ancestors?” Emperor Gaozu said, “What the Minister of Works says is right.”
Later, Zhuge Liang's brother, Zhuge Pi, participated in the rebellion of Mutai, and Zhuge Liang entrusted the affairs of the government to Sima Murongqi and submitted a self-criticizing memorial. Emperor Gaozu issued a decree to console him but denied his request, allowing him to continue handling affairs. Zhuge Liang made several earnest requests, and after a long time, his request was finally approved. Soon after, Zhuge Liang was appointed as Envoy with Special Authority, General of the Northern Expedition, and Governor of Jizhou, with the title of Duke of Dunqiu, granted a fief of five hundred households to continue his ancestors’ legacy.
After Emperor Shizong ascended the throne, he was first appointed as the Governor of Dingzhou. Shortly after, he was promoted to Grand General of the Cavalry, Minister, and later became the Minister of Construction. He passed away in the third year of Jingming, at the age of fifty-two. The court granted him a set of prestigious items from Dongyuan Wenming, a set of court attire, a piece of clothing, as well as forty thousand coins, seven hundred pieces of cloth, and two hundred jin of candles. Emperor Shizong personally attended his funeral. He was posthumously granted the title of Grand Commander, and posthumously appointed as Governor of Sizhou, with the posthumous title of Kuang.
His son Shao, whose courtesy name was Yongye, was specially taken care of by Emperor Gaozu due to his status as a high-ranking official's son. At the age of nine, he was appointed as a Gentleman of the Outer Court, serving the Crown Prince in the Eastern Palace, and later promoted to the Crown Prince's Attendant. At the age of eleven, he married Princess Langye and was appointed as the General of the Household Cavalry, Attendant of the Household Cavalry, and also served as the literary officer of Prince Yuyu of Jingzhao. In the early years of Emperor Shizong, he served as an Attendant Gentleman of the Inner Palace, assisting Prince Gaoyang Yong. After his father's passing, the court decreed that he inherit the title and serve as an Attendant Gentleman of the Inner Palace, also assuming the role of Chief of the Imperial Wardrobe. He was later promoted to Director of the Imperial Secretariat, Palace Attendant, Grand Minister of Rites, Minister of Rites, then promoted to General of the Guard and Minister of State Ceremonials. He was later appointed as Commissioner-in-Chief, Commander of the Military Affairs of Jizhou and Yingzhou, General, and Inspector of Jizhou, but due to his elderly mother's condition, he respectfully declined, which angered the Emperor, resulting in his dismissal. He was later appointed as Director of the Palace Library, then transferred to Minister of War, and later to Minister of the Palace Secretariat. During his mourning period for his father, he gained a reputation for his exemplary filial piety. He was later appointed as Grand General of the Guard, Left Grand Minister of Rites, Director of the Palace Library, returning to serve as Palace Attendant, and also serving as the Prefect of his native district.
Shao had no particularly remarkable talents, but he was upright and composed, rarely receiving guests and not currying favor with the powerful. At that time, the influential general Yuan Cha visited him, earning him widespread admiration. Later, Empress Ling wanted to dismiss Yuan Cha from his position but was hesitant, so Shao strongly persuaded her and ultimately succeeded. Because of this, he was promoted to Special Imperial Advisor, and his second son, Yan, was appointed as a court official. He was then further promoted to the position of Minister of Ceremonies, in charge of the left and right departments. At that time, Yuan Shun, the Minister of the Interior, and Shao both served in the court; once, Yuan Shun got drunk and barged into Shao's bedroom. Shao, wrapped in a blanket, got up and sternly addressed Yuan Shun, saying, "I have been the Minister of the Interior for twenty years, and I have worked with your father for many years. Even if you are a rising star, you should not offend me like this!" He then resigned his position and returned home. The court persuaded him multiple times before he returned to office. He was later appointed as General of the Chariots and Cavalry, Governor, and Inspector of Dingzhou, but he firmly declined. He was then appointed as Minister of the Interior, but he cited illness as a reason and did not take office. During the Battle of Heyin, he narrowly escaped disaster by not having taken office. After the emperor ascended the throne, Er Zhu Rong sent someone to summon Mu Shao. Mu Shao felt he was surely doomed and tearfully said goodbye to his family shrine. When he arrived at Mang Mountain to meet Er Zhu Rong, he clasped his hands but did not kneel in respect. Er Zhu Rong pretended to show great respect and turned to his companions, saying, "Mu Shao truly exemplifies his noble lineage!" Mu Shao was taken into the palace and was soon appointed as Minister of State and Minister of Works, promoted to a prince, and assigned forty sword-wielding guards, and was additionally appointed as Minister of the Interior.
Li Jiang, the magistrate of Henan, went to visit Mu Shao. Li Jiang was from Mu Shao's hometown and felt he should show him proper respect; Mu Shao, meanwhile, took advantage of his status as a king and felt that Li Jiang was his subject, so he didn't bother to stand up to greet Li Jiang. Li Jiang was intimidated by Mu Shao's power and position, so he had to bow and leave. This incident led to quite a bit of gossip at the time.
When Erzhu Rong attacked Ge Rong, the emperor appointed Wang Tianmu of Shangdang as the vanguard, stationed in Huaixian; Yang Chun of the Ministry of Works as the right army; and Mu Shao as the rear guard. Before they could set off, Ge Rong was captured, so the campaign was cancelled. Not long after, Mu Shao was demoted but later reinstated to his original rank. Later, Yuan Hao attacked Luoyang and appointed Mu Shao as the Inspector of Yanzhou. When Mu Shao reached Dongjun, Yuan Hao was defeated and fled.
In the first year of Putai, Mu Shao was appointed as the Military Commander of the provinces of Qing, Qi, Yanzhou, and Guangzhou, Grand General of the Valiant Cavalry, and Inspector of Qingzhou. Before he could take up his post, he died in September of that year at the age of fifty-two. After his death, he was posthumously honored as Attendant, Military Commander of Ji, Xiang, and Yin, Grand General, Prefect of the Masters of Writing, Grand Guardian, and Inspector of Jizhou, with the posthumous title of Wenxian.
His son Mu Changsong, styled Ziyue, initially served as a Palace Attendant and later rose to the rank of Cavalier In Regular Attendance. He inherited his father's title and was promoted to General Who Guards the East and Gentleman of the Yellow Gate. He passed away during the Xinghe era and was posthumously appointed as Military Commander of the provinces of Ji and Cangzhou, General Who Conquers the East, and Inspector of Jizhou.
His other son Mu Yan served as a Consultant at the Ministry of Works during the Wuding era.
Mu Shao's younger brother, Mu Xiangguo, achieved the rank of General Who Maintains the East, Inspector of Jizhou, and Duke of Shangluo.
Mu Shao's other younger brother, Mu Zhengguo, married Princess Changle and was appointed as a Cavalry Commandant.
Mu Shao's son Mu Pingcheng passed away early. During the reign of Emperor Gaozu, Princess Shiping passed away in the palace, and Mu Pingcheng was posthumously honored as a Cavalry Commandant and buried alongside the princess.
Mu Pingcheng's younger brother, Mu Changcheng, served as the Left Chief Historian.
Mu Changcheng's son, Mu Shigong, held the position of the Director of the Red Robe during the Wuding period.
Mu Changcheng's younger brother, Mu Yu, was a Minister of Seals and Symbols and later passed away.
Mu Yu's son, Mu Yongyan, served as a Cavalry Officer and the Eastern Commander of Qingzhou.
Mu Zhengguo's younger brother, Mu Yingguo, rose to the rank of General of the Western Campaign and Duke of Zhangye.
Mu Yingguo's son, Mu Dugou, inherited the title and served as General of the Peaceful South and Town Commander of Liangcheng.
The old Zhang family has a remarkable ancestry. His grandfather, Zhang Ziqing, was a man of great military talent, having served as the Minor Minister of Agriculture, General of the Martial Guard, and Left Grand Minister of Rites, later becoming the General of the Cavalry and Governor of Xizhou, achieving a significant rank.
His father, Zhang Zitie, served as a Secretary, a position that wasn't very high but was still respectable. His uncle, Zhang Yingguo, who was his grandfather's younger brother, held even greater positions, serving as the Minister of the Treasury and Palace Chancellor, and was later promoted to Right Guard General with the title of Duke of Xinping. Unfortunately, he was killed by Yihun and was posthumously honored with the title of General of the Captured Forces. His son, Zhang Tuwan, inherited his father's title and served as the Town Commander of Xiangcheng. His other son, Zhang Jinbao, also served as a Secretary.
Another younger brother of his grandfather, Zhang Fuzhen, rose through the ranks during the reign of Emperor Gaozong, eventually becoming a Minister and was granted the title of Marquis of Rencheng. He later served as the Prefect of Yanzhou and was promoted to General of the Peaceful East and then granted the title of Duke of Puyang, experiencing steady advancement in his career. His son, Zhang Changgui, served as the Prefect of Nanyang.
Zhang Fuzhen's younger brother Zhang Duohou also served as a court attendant and General. He was granted the title of Changning Marquis and later promoted to be the Commander of the Imperial Guards. After the death of Emperor Gaozong, Yihun held all the power. At that time, Minister of Works Lu Li was receiving medical treatment in Wenshang, Daijun. Yihun grew suspicious of him and sent Zhang Duohou to kill Lu Li. Zhang Duohou advised Lu Li, "Yihun is planning a rebellion. You are the one everyone supports, Your Majesty. It is too dangerous for you to leave now. It would be best for you to return slowly and consider your options." However, Lu Li did not listen to him and was killed by Yihun. Zhang Duohou was also killed by Yihun and was posthumously honored as a loyal martyr. His son Zhang Huer inherited his title.
Another brother of Zhang Duohou's grandfather, Zhang Han, served as the General of Pingyuan and was later granted the title of Prince of Xihai. He passed away later. His son Zhang Longren inherited the title, which was later reduced to Duke, and he also passed away. His son Zhang Fengguo then inherited the title.
Fengguo Duke's son Fengbi was quite capable and adept at navigating his position. He was well-versed in classical texts and history and was on par with famous scholars such as Changsun Zhi and Lu Xidao. However, he was somewhat arrogant and faced setbacks because of it. When Emperor Gaozu of Wei wanted Fengbi to be an assistant teacher at the National University, Fengbi declined, saying, "Our Feng family has been favored by the emperor for generations. It is shameful for me to teach students." Emperor Gaozu said, "I want to nurture the younger generation, and I am willing to put you out a bit. Just like white jade falling into the mud, it won’t get dirty, will it?" Fengbi replied, "Since I have the opportunity to live in a prosperous era, I am ashamed to be lost in the mud."
Just then, Governor of Sizhou, Zhenghao, and Xianyang Wang Xi arrived. The Emperor Gaozu said to Xi, "When we were both officials in the province, I recommended a chief clerk." He then sent Feng Bi to meet Xi. This way, Feng Bi came to the attention of Emperor Gaozu. Later, the emperor launched a southern expedition and specifically ordered Feng Bi to accompany him. After Emperor Shizong ascended the throne, Feng Bi was appointed as a Shangshu Lang and selected as the Langzhong Ling for King Huaiguo of Guangping. His repeated counsel proved very beneficial, and Emperor Shizong held him in high regard. He was later promoted to Zhongshu Sheren, then to Sizhou Zhizhong and Biejia, and he rose through the ranks with a good reputation.
During Emperor Suzong's reign, Tie Cong, the leader of the Qiang tribe in Hezhou, rebelled. The emperor appointed Feng Bi as the Huangmen Shilang to pacify Tie Cong. Due to his contributions, Feng Bi was promoted to the rank of Qianjiangjun and generously rewarded. Shortly after, he went to Yangzhou as a General to handle political affairs, and was later posthumously appointed as Pingxi General and Governor of Huazhou. He eventually passed away in Yangzhou at the age of fifty-one years. After his death, he was posthumously appointed as General-in-Chief, General Conquering the North, and Governor of Dingzhou, receiving the posthumous title of "Yi".
His son Feng Jiqi initially served as a military officer in the Ministry of Works and later joined the Imperial Guards.
Feng Bi's brother, Feng Yi, was known for his loyalty, caution, and capability. During Emperor Taizong's reign, he served as a Mid Cavalry Officer and was later promoted to Attendant Imperial Clerk. He followed Emperor Shizong in the campaign against Helian Chang, demonstrating exceptional bravery in battle, unmatched by his peers, which earned him the admiration of Emperor Shizong. He was later promoted to Attendant Palace Officer and Palace General, receiving the title of Niyangzi. He also followed the emperor in the campaign against Helian Long, outperforming other generals in military exploits, and he was appointed as Sijian Jian, promoted to Longxiang General, and his title was further elevated to Changle Marquis.
Once, he followed Emperor Shizu on a hunting trip to Mount Guo, when suddenly a tiger appeared. Fengyi rushed forward and subdued the tiger. Emperor Shizu sighed, "The Book of Songs says 'as strong as a tiger,' but Fengyi is even more formidable than a tiger!" Later, he followed the emperor on a campaign to the west to defeat Bai Long and the Rouran tribes, and for his achievements, he was appointed as a Cavalry Commandant, General of the North, and his title was raised to Duke of Jian'an. He later served as the Commander of Beizhen and was subsequently summoned back to court as the Minister of the Palace Library. He was then stationed in Liangzhou, and wherever he went, he left behind a good reputation. Upon returning to the court, he was appointed as a Cavalry Commandant and concurrently served as the Minister of the Imperial Clan Court. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, he became the Grand General of the West and led many armies. During the campaign against the Tuyuhun, he took the southern route. Due to his poor performance in battle, he was dismissed from his position and sent to the frontier. Later, Emperor Gaozu, in recognition of his past merits, summoned him back to the court and appointed him as a high-ranking official. He passed away in the first year of the Tian'an era and was posthumously honored as the Grand General of the West and Prince of Jian'an, receiving the posthumous title of Kang. His son Jisheng succeeded him in his title. Jisheng had a brother named Li, who held the position of Commander of Liangzhou and was granted the title Duke of Annan. His son Qi, styled Yuande, held various positions, including Chamberlain for Law Enforcement, Prefect of Shanggu County, Prefect of Henan County, Deputy Magistrate of Sizhou, and Leader of the Crown Prince's Right Guard. After his death, he was posthumously appointed as Inspector of Qizhou. Qi's son Jingxiang, styled Badu, served as an Imperial Secretary and Prefect of Shangdang. Li's younger brother Nigan served as a Feathered Forest Guard and was granted the title of Lord of Lin'an. His official positions continued to rise, eventually becoming Inspector of Jizhou and later appointed as General of Annan and Duke of Julu, before he passed away. His son Hun inherited his title and later served as a Secretariat Drafter. Hun's son Lingxuan served as a Chamberlain for Law Enforcement.
During the reign of Chongzong, there was a man named Choushan. When Tang Taizong had just come to power, he led his followers to submit to the court and joined forces with Chongzong to resist external enemies. He participated in battles against Kuduo and Liu Xian, defeating both of them. He also took part in the battle against the Helan tribe, subduing the Kumo Xi. Later, he was granted the title of Lord of Tianbu, living in the Dongfan area, and eventually passed away.
His son Moti participated in battles to pacify the Central Plains, serving as the Prefect of Zhongshan. He later became the General of Ningnan, the Governor of Xiangzhou, and was further ennobled as the Marquis of Yangling before passing away.
His son Tu served as the Cavalier Attendant during the era of Tang Taizong. At the time of his death, he held the titles of Palace Attendant and General Who Guards the East.
His son Dun served as the General of State Assistance and the General of the Western Regions, granted the title of the Marquis of Fuping before passing away.
His son Chun inherited his titles, serving as the Cavalier Attendant and the Palace Attendant. During the reign of Tang Gaozu, he served as General of the Right Guard, later promoted to General of the Right and the Inspector of Hezhou before passing away. Posthumously, he was honored as General Who Guards the North and the Inspector of Bingzhou.
His son Sheng inherited his titles, serving as the General of the Direct Pavilion.
Sheng's brother Yu served as the General of State Assistance and the Palace Attendant.
Yu's son Li served as the Prefect of Dongmou.
Li's brother Lue served as the Wei Yin Cheng in the later years of Wuding.
Chun's younger brother, this man, served as the son of the Eastern Palace and later as the Prefect of Jijun. During the reign of Emperor Shizong, he became the General of Huaishuo, later promoted to General of the East and North, serving as the Inspector of Bin, You, and Liangzhou. During the reign of Emperor Suzong, he was appointed as the General Who Pacifies the North and the Inspector of Bingzhou, achieving the rank of Jinzi Guanglu Dafu. He was renowned for his influence in the court. He passed away at the age of seventy-four, posthumously appointed as the Cavalier Attendant, General Who Conquers the East, and Inspector of Xiangzhou, with the posthumous title of "An."
His son Xianshou served as the Captain of Changshui.
Xianshou's younger brother is named Xianye, and he died while serving as a Cavalry Officer.
Xianshou's grandson is named Zilin, who passed the imperial examination and held the position of Prefect of Anrong. He was quite capable in his duties. Later, he followed his grandnephew Zhi to campaign in Shu territory, distinguished himself, and was appointed as the Director of the Imperial Granaries. When Emperor Chu ascended the throne, Zilin served as the Yicao and was granted the title of Duke of Gao Tang, with a fief of two hundred households. During the reign of Emperor Xiaojing, he rose to the rank of General Who Guards the East and Prefect of Sizhou. Unfortunately, he was later stripped of his office and title due to land encroachment on the common folk. Many years later, when the ruler of the Azhi Luo kingdom was defeated by the Rouran, his son fled to Northern Wei for refuge. Duke Xianwu of Qi petitioned the court to appoint him as General of the North and Inspector of Sizhou, granting him the title of King of Gao Che to pacify the border minorities. At the same time, he recommended Zilin to serve as the Chief Historian of Gobin, restoring his previous title. Shortly after, Zilin was promoted to Chief Historian of the Equal Rank Office and Prime Minister Marshal of Duke Xianwu. He died at the age of fifty-three, and the court posthumously bestowed upon him the titles of General of the Valiant Cavalry, Director of the Imperial Secretariat, and Inspector of Yingzhou.
His son is named Boyu. His younger brother, Fu, held positions such as Military Advisor in the Ministry of War during the Wuding period.
Zilin's younger brother is named Liang, with the courtesy name Xiande. He held positions such as Military Advisor in the Ministry of Works, Chief of the Imperial Staff, Ritual Officer under the Minister of Works, General Who Maintains the East, and Administrator of Nanjulu. He had a good reputation and was well-respected by the people. Upon returning to the court, he held positions as Marshal of the Ministry of Works, Attendant Imperial Secretary to the Grand Marshal, and Gentleman of the Palace Library. He died in the sixth year of Wuding, and the court posthumously awarded him the titles of General Who Conquers the East and Inspector of Xuzhou.
The historians say that Mu Chong served the emperor from a young age, demonstrating his loyalty early on, which earned him the emperor's favor and the highest official position. Later, he unexpectedly took part in a rebellion, but still received protection, illustrating how gracious the emperor was to this veteran minister! Allowing him to be honored with sacrifices after death is also a way to recognize his contributions. Just look at how he took on significant responsibilities as a young man; his talent was truly remarkable! Wang Dao was valiant and accomplished, earning a renowned reputation; Zhuge Liang was known for his generosity and kindness, holding prestigious positions of power; Wang Shao embodied humility and integrity; Xie Bi was known for his noble character and reputation, all of which have been chronicled in history, leaving a lasting legacy, truly marking an unprecedented era of prosperity! Regarding whether they passed away peacefully in their beds or were dismissed, it all comes down to individual circumstances and luck. Many of their descendants rose to become high officials, truly a family rich in exceptional talent!
