Let’s first talk about Prince Nan'an. His name is Li Zhen, and he was conferred the title of prince in the second year of the Huangxing period. Initially, he held the position of General of Southern Expeditions and Chief Minister of the Inner Court, and not long after, he was promoted to Chief Minister of the Inner Court. After Emperor Gaozu ascended the throne, he sent him to Liangzhou as the General of the Garrison. Later, because Li Zhen performed well in pacifying the borders, the emperor further promoted him to the positions of Commander of Western Military Affairs, General of the Western Expedition, Acting Protector of the Western Regions, and granted him the title of Equivalent to the Three Excellencies, while also concurrently serving as the Governor of Liangzhou. This was not the end; he was then recalled to the court to serve as Chief Minister of the Inner Court and was subsequently sent out again, holding the titles of Envoy with Special Authority, Palace Attendant, General, Governor, General of the Town of Chang'an, and Governor of Yongzhou, with his official rank continuously rising.
Li Zhen was known for his loyalty and honesty, and he was especially filial to his mother, which was well-known. The emperor even specially rewarded him with a thousand bolts of silk to commend his filial piety.
The emperor summoned Prince Nan'an Zhen to the Huangxin Hall to participate in military lectures and specifically gave him some advice. The emperor said, "Your father was filial during his lifetime, and his reputation spread far and wide. I have always admired his loyalty and righteousness. This time, I have invited you to participate in military lectures because I admire your father's virtues. However, there is currently famine in Chang'an, and the people are struggling. You must not linger in the capital; you need to go and comfort them. After you return to your state, you must govern diligently and care for the people, and you must not allow anyone to starve to death in your territory. You are a member of the royal family, and you do not have to worry about food and clothing, but you must heed three important points: First, do not be arrogant and overbearing because of your royal status, violating the rites; Second, do not be arrogant and extravagant, ignoring state matters; Third, do not indulge in drunkenness and debauchery, indiscriminately making friends. If you do not correct these three points, disaster will surely follow; as long as you can be cautious and careful, you can preserve yourself, honor your ancestors, and ultimately achieve virtue." Unfortunately, Prince Nan'an Zhen did not heed the emperor's advice and became increasingly greedy and indulgent later on.
Later, Empress Dowager Wenming summoned the ministers along with the Emperor in the Hall of Imperial Trust. The Empress Dowager publicly asked, "You, Prince Tian Ci of Yin, and Prince Zhen of Nan'an have broken the law, engaged in corruption, and committed numerous offenses, the consequences of which are unimaginable. Do you believe that we should break the law to keep family ties, or should we sacrifice familial ties to uphold the law?" The ministers all believed that the late Emperor's descendants, after all, should be forgiven. The Empress Dowager did not respond.
The Emperor then issued a decree stating, "Prince Zhen of Nan'an, as a member of the royal family stationed in Guanzhong, has failed to conduct himself properly, serve the court, and instead has become greedy, lining his pockets, turning a blind eye to wrongdoing, suppressing lawsuits, bribing envoys, and falsely reporting military matters. These offenses violate the law. For instance, Emperor Wei Wu, Cao Cao, once cut his hair to unite the people, and Shu Xiang killed his own brother to uphold the law; both were able to restrain themselves and prioritize the greater good, leading the world. They didn't ignore family ties; they acted for the greater good. The crimes committed by Prince Zhen of Nan'an are severe and should be punished according to the law; it is indeed difficult to forgive. The Empress Dowager, out of compassion for the royal family, often felt choked up with grief when thinking of Emperor Gaozong; moreover, Prince Zhen's reputation for filial piety is well-known both inside and outside. Considering these, she specifically decided to show leniency, taking away his title, allowing him to go back home as a commoner, and keeping him confined for life."
When Emperor Gaozu was on his southern campaign, Prince Xiao Zhen of Nan'an accompanied him to Luoyang. Later, when they discussed moving the capital, Xiao Zhen was the first to support the Emperor's decision, which made Emperor Gaozu very happy. When Xiao Zhen's mother, Lady Liu, passed away, Emperor Gaozu personally went to offer his condolences. At the burial, he also gave him five hundred bolts of cloth and silk. Because Xiao Zhen had made great contributions by suggesting the relocation of the capital, the Emperor reinstated him as Prince of Nan'an, granting him a fief of one thousand households. Afterwards, he was appointed as the General of the Northern Town and Inspector of Xiangzhou. Emperor Gaozu held a farewell banquet for him at Hualin Pavilion.
The emperor issued a decree, saying, "You are being assigned to the border this time, and you will be far away for thousands of miles; I feel quite reluctant. However, though it may seem like a farewell, it’s really more of a relaxed banquet. Everyone can express their feelings about parting through poetry. Those who are good at archery can demonstrate their skills, and those who aren’t poets can just enjoy watching the archery." Emperor Gaozu personally escorted Xiao Zhen to the steps, crying and bidding him farewell.
In May of the twenty-fifth year of Taihe, Xiao Zhen arrived in Ye City for his new position, but on that day a violent storm hit, causing over ten people to freeze to death. Later, when drought struck, Xiao Zhen went to various temples to pray for rain. There was a temple dedicated to Shi Hu in Ye City, where people went to worship. Xiao Zhen faced the statue of Shi Hu and declared, "If it does not rain within three days, I will punish you!" When it didn’t rain, he actually whipped the Shi Hu statue a hundred times. That month, Xiao Zhen contracted a disease and died. After his death, he was posthumously granted the title of Prince Hui, and the court bestowed a thousand bolts of silk and cloth upon him. At his burial, another thousand bolts of silk and cloth were provided, and a eunuch was assigned to oversee the funeral. Later, the governor of Hengzhou, Mu Tai, rebelled. Xiao Zhen knew about it but did not report it. Even in death, his title and lands were stripped away, and his family was wiped out. He left behind five sons.
Xiao Zhen's son, Xiao Ying, known as Huer, was intelligent, knowledgeable, had an extraordinary memory, was skilled in horseback riding and archery, could play the flute, and had a bit of medical knowledge. During the reign of Emperor Gaozu, he was appointed General of Pingbei, Grand General of Wuchuan Town, and Marquis of Wei. Shortly after, he was promoted to Commander of the three provinces of Liang, Yining, and Ning, General of Annan, Leading Protector of the Western Rong, Grand General of Chouchi Town, and Governor of Liangzhou.
During the Southern Expedition of Emperor Gaozu of Han, Han Xin was appointed as the general in charge of the Liang-Han alternate route, responsible for another front. Later, Emperor Gaozu personally visited Zhongli and ordered Han Xin to lead the army to guard against border enemies. Han Xin felt that the emperor's personal campaign was impressive and would surely shake the southeastern region, and that this was a perfect opportunity to exploit the situation in Hanzhong. Therefore, he requested to deploy troops for an offensive. Emperor Gaozu approved his request.
Han Xin's army reached the Jushui River, where Xiao Luan sent Xiao Yi to lead Yin Shaozu, Liang Jiqun, and others, commanding twenty thousand troops, to set up defenses in the mountains. They divided into several camps, occupying strategically advantageous positions, and confronted Han Xin's army across the water. Han Xin observed, "Xiao Yi's army is nothing but a rabble; the soldiers lack mutual respect, there are many soldiers but no leader, and they do not know whom to follow. If we select elite troops and concentrate our forces to attack one of the camps, they won't help each other, and we will definitely win. As long as we capture one camp, the rest will naturally scatter." Thus, Han Xin chose elite soldiers and surrounded them from three sides. Indeed, the enemy did not support each other. After breaking one camp, the other four camps scattered, Liang Jiqun was captured, more than three thousand enemy soldiers were killed, and seven hundred were taken prisoner. Xiao Luan's elite White Horse Guard also made a nighttime escape.
Han Xin pursued his victory and directly approached Nanzheng. The people in the Hanchuan area all thought he was a heroic figure and flocked to him. Li Tiangan and others from Liangzhou came to surrender, and Han Xin treated them with the respect due to a national hero. Their families lived west of Nanzheng City, and they requested Han Xin to send troops to welcome their families. Han Xin sent troops to meet them. When Xiao Yi heard about this, he sent Jiang Xiu to lead the army in pursuit. The two sides fought at night, leading to casualties on both sides. Jiang Xiu suffered repeated defeats and requested reinforcements once more. Xiao Yi sent reinforcements, and the soldiers sent to welcome their families sought Han Xin's help. Han Xin led a thousand cavalry on a shortcut to their rescue. Before they arrived, the enemy had already pulled back. Han Xin feared they might enter the city, so he sent Yuan Ba to follow behind, while he led the troops to intercept in front, capturing all the enemies.
Xiao Yi sent reinforcements again, catching Han Xin off guard. The soldiers were exhausted, few in number, and afraid, all wanting to escape. However, Han Xin calmly rode forward, observing the enemy from the high ground, issuing orders as if everything was under control, and then organized the troops to advance. The enemy believed Han Xin was laying an ambush and quickly retreated. Han Xin capitalized on this and completely routed the enemy, ultimately surrounding Nanzheng. Han Xin strictly ordered the troops to avoid disturbing the civilians, ensuring that no harm came to them, and the local people voluntarily provided food and transport.
At first, Xiao Yi had not sent troops, but Xiao Daocheng sent the main general Fan Jie with over three thousand men to fight the Liao. Upon hearing that the main army had encircled the city, Fan Jie wanted to return to provide assistance. Xiao Daocheng sent generals Li Pingdi, Li Tieqi, and others to team up with the locals from the regions of Brazil and Jinshou to cut off Fan Jie's retreat. Fan Jie fought desperately and defeated Li Pingdi's army. When Xiao Daocheng noticed Fan Jie's army drawing nearer, he launched a surprise attack with his elite troops, capturing them all. The siege lasted over ninety days, with victories in every engagement. Later, upon receiving orders from the court, they returned home.
Xiao Daocheng first sent the elderly and infirm soldiers back, while he himself led the elite troops as the rear guard and sent messengers to bid farewell to Xiao Yi. Xiao Yi thought it was a ruse; even after a day had gone by since Xiao Daocheng's army had turned back, he still kept the city gates tightly shut. After two days, Xiao Yi finally sent troops to pursue Xiao Daocheng. Xiao Daocheng personally stayed at the rear, fighting alongside his soldiers, causing the enemy to hesitate to approach him. The enemy took four days and nights to retreat, and only then did Xiao Daocheng lead the entire army safely back. At that time, the Shandi tribe also rebelled, cutting off Xiao Daocheng's return route. Xiao Daocheng ordered the soldiers to bravely counterattack while advancing, but he was struck by a stray arrow, though the soldiers remained unaware. Due to his military accomplishments, Xiao Daocheng was promoted to General of Annan and granted the title of Duke of Guangwu. He stayed in Qiu Chi for six years, gaining tremendous fame and favor. Later, after the death of his father, he resigned from his official post.
Gaozu wanted to attack Hanyang, so he appointed Xiao Daocheng as the General of the Left Guard, further promoted him to the General of the Vanguard, then to the Grand Minister of Ceremonies, and later to the Minister of Construction, while still holding his original military position and defending Jingzhou. Xiao Baojuan sent Chen Xianda and others to attack Jingzhou, where Xiao Daocheng faced a series of defeats. When the Emperor arrived in Nanyang, his titles were stripped. Upon ascending the throne, the Taizong Emperor restored Xiao Daocheng to his positions as Minister of Construction and Earl of Guangwu when passing through Xuzhou. Xiao Baojuan sent General Chen Bozhi to attack Huainan, while Wang Xie, the Minister of Construction and Prince of Pengcheng, defended Shouchun. The court appointed Xiao Daocheng as the General Who Defends the South to lead an army against Chen Bozhi. By the time Xiao Daocheng arrived, Chen Bozhi had already retreated. After Wang Xie returned to court, Xiao Daocheng was ordered to go to Yangzhou.
After returning to the capital, Hou Ying wrote to the emperor: "I have heard that the country's downfall is all due to internal chaos and external humiliation, which is a historical pattern; when going to war, we must seize the opportunity. But now this treasured scroll (referring to Sun Hao's regime) shows complete disregard for reason and humanity, relying on geographical advantage, daring to confront our great nation. These rebels are becoming more and more arrogant, disregarding laws, acting recklessly, and harming the people. Their Yongzhou Governor Xiao Yan is leading troops east to attack Moling, advancing like a hot knife through butter, with only one city left, completely defenseless. This is a heaven-sent opportunity, a rare occurrence! It's as easy as picking something up off the ground; how can we miss it? I request to lead thirty thousand infantry and cavalry directly to Mianyin, capture Xiangyang City, and cut off Sun Hao's supply line. By then, their internal conflicts will be severe, they will be killing each other, we will take up advantageous positions and intimidate our enemies from all sides, advance south, and capture Jiangling. It's less than five hundred miles away; we can take the entire Jingzhou region, and Shu will fall without a fight. Then order the armies of Yangzhou and Xuzhou to attack simultaneously, burn, pillage, and leave no survivors along the river. Jianye (modern-day Nanjing) will be in dire straits, like fish in a barrel. In this way, we can achieve victory again; Sun Hao will be captured like Sun Hao, the world will be unified, and there will be peace. I urge Your Majesty to approve my request without hesitation. This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity; we can't afford to let it slip away!" However, the emperor chose to ignore him.
Later, Ying also wrote, "I have heard that attacking the enemy while they are weak demands immediate action; attacking them while they are in danger will lead to quick victory. Currently, the Sun Hao regime is in chaos, with internal conflicts and regional garrisons acting independently, not knowing whom to follow. Yiyang City is isolated and without support; it is strategically important but has no external assistance or reserves. It is like a bird caught in a fire; how can it possibly add more fuel? It is like a criminal facing execution; how can he delay the inevitable? If this operation succeeds, the Jiangnan region will serve as our base for future campaigns; even if it fails, we can always devise another plan later. It's wiser to confront challenges now than to indulge in comfort and court disaster. The Governor of Yuzhou, Sima Yue, is prepared to deploy troops, while the Governor of Dongyuzhou, Tian Yizong, is ready to guard the three passes. Your Majesty, please appoint someone to command them." Emperor Shizong then appointed Zhi Qin, Yang Lingying as their commander. Later, Ying was appointed Minister of Personnel for his military achievements and later granted the title of Marquis of Changshan for his two military successes.
Ying Zou said, "I carefully reviewed the academic decree: students from each state must be examined for their knowledge of the classics every three years, and then envoys will be sent to each state to conduct the examinations. I believe Your Majesty is wise and promotes Confucianism, enhancing the atmosphere of Chengjun Academy, embodying righteousness, and shining light on the Guozi Jian (Imperial Academy). Therefore, the Taixue (Imperial Academy) has been located outside the capital for a long time, and the teaching at the Four Gate Schools has only recently started in the capital, Luoyang. Students study for many years, but those outstanding talents should come to the capital for examinations, while those who do not meet the standards should return to their communities. Therefore, envoys should be sent to each state to examine and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. Recently, due to the relocation of the capital, the Jianghuai region has not yet stabilized completely, so there has been no time for formal examinations in village schools. This has resulted in students of varying abilities receiving the same education in schools; students of both high and low character receiving the same instruction in private schools. Now that the examinations for the outer court and imperial officials have ended, I request Your Majesty to dispatch scholars who are proficient in the Five Classics from the four gate schools to conduct examinations in various places, and to promote or demote based on the academic decree."
The Emperor said, "The neglect of education has persisted for a long time, and cannot be resolved by sending envoys once. This matter should be dealt with separately."
The emperor sent an imperial envoy to lead troops, appointing him as the General of Zhen Nan and the Commander of the campaign against Yi Yang, leading the army south to attack. When Cai Daogong, the governor of Sizhou under Xiao Yan, heard that the imperial envoy had arrived, he sent his valiant cavalry general Yang You to lead more than three thousand households outside the city to build three fortresses on Xianshou Mountain, about ten miles southwest of the city, forming a situation of mutual support inside and outside. The imperial envoy commanded the army to surround the fortresses on Xianshou Mountain and burned down their gates. Yang You then drove the water buffalo to burst out of the fortress, followed by soldiers. The soldiers scattered to avoid the water buffalo, allowing the army to retreat. Then the imperial envoy divided the troops to surround the defense. That night, the residents of the fortresses killed Yang You and then surrendered. The three armies were stationed in the area, and the surrendered people settled down and lived in peace. Xiao Yan sent his generals Cao Jingzong and Wang Sengbing to lead thirty thousand troops to rescue Yi Yang. Wang Sengbing led twenty thousand troops to defend against Zaoxi, while Cao Jingzong led ten thousand troops to follow. The imperial envoy dispatched General Yuancheng and General Caowenjing to seize Fancheng in order to counter them. The imperial envoy ordered his troops to attack in separate units and defeated Wang Sengbing's army, capturing and killing more than four thousand enemy soldiers. The imperial envoy then constructed a stronghold on Shayashan to confront Cao Jingzong, dividing the troops and ambushing them on four mountains, feigning weakness. Xiao Yan's general Ma Xianpin led over ten thousand troops to sneak attack the imperial envoy's camp. The imperial envoy ordered the army to pretend to lure the enemy north, and when the enemy reached the flat ground, the three armies led by Fu Yong attacked them together, causing the enemy to rout. The imperial envoy pursued the enemy, beheading two thousand three hundred enemy soldiers, and also killing the enemy's Feather Forest Supervisor Deng Zhongnian. Ma Xianpin led over ten thousand troops for another decisive battle. The imperial envoy commanded the generals to launch attacks at will, defeating them again and killing the enemy general Chen Xiuzhi. General Wang Mainu also defeated the army from Dongling, beheading five hundred.
Cai Daogong was scared out of his wits. General Cai Ling'en, the acting governor of the state, defended the city alone and engaged in close combat every day. Cao Jingzong and Ma Xianpin realized the city was on the brink of falling, so they concentrated their elite forces for a decisive battle. They fought three battles in one day but were defeated each time. Faced with a dire situation, Cai Ling'en decided to surrender. Upon hearing this, the defenders abandoned the city and fled. The emperor issued a decree stating, "Knowing that the bandits have captured the city and breached three passes, demonstrating their might, expanding the territory, and spreading their fame far and wide, I am very pleased. General, you have made prudent decisions, offered loyal advice, accepted laws and orders, raised the military flag high, and successfully completed the court's military plan. Even the conquest of Manjing by Fang Shu and the pacification of Huaipu by Shao Hu cannot compare to your achievements. With the recent submission of Xinzhou, it should be widely developed. I hope you will oversee its development and ensure it is solidified before your triumphant return."
Initially, when Gaozu pacified Hanyang, General Yingshi made great contributions and was promised the restoration of his title, but his restoration was thwarted by powerful interests, and it ultimately came to nothing. In this campaign, Emperor Shizong was greatly pleased and restored his title, appointing him as the King of Zhongshan, granting him a fief of one thousand households. The emperor sent an ambassador, Honglu Shaoqing Muyan Ji, to confer the title on him. Yingshi saw off Cai Ling'en, as well as Cai Sengxie, the Shangshu Lang of Xiao Yan, Feng Daoyao, the former army general and Yiyang Taishou, Bao Huaishen, the guerrilla general, Wang Chengbo, the Tianmen Taishou, Zong Xiang, the Sima of Pingbei Prefecture, Fu Can, the Zixi of Pingbei Prefecture, Cai Daoji, the Zhongbing Canjun, and Pang Xiu, among others. The emperor issued another decree stating, "Once Jiangnan is pacified, these individuals can be released." Upon Yingshi's return, Emperor Shizong summoned him and praised him highly, later increasing his fief by one thousand households.
General Xiao Yan dispatched General Kou Feiliang, but the mission ended in failure. So the emperor ordered General Ying to serve as the Cavalry Attendant, General Who Conquers the South, and Commander of the Yang and Xu military operations, leading a hundred fifty thousand troops to restore order. Address the situation on-site in the most effective manner. The emperor also issued a decree to General Ying, stating, "The bandit forces are becoming increasingly powerful; they have surrounded Feiliang City, and the border generals have failed in their duties, leading to the current situation. That's why you were sent; you are required to secure a victory! However, your delay in deploying troops has resulted in the loss of Feiliang City! Upon hearing this news, I am both anxious and angry, as the anticipated outcomes have not materialized! Now that the army has assembled, totaling one hundred fifty thousand troops, how should we proceed next? When can we completely eliminate the enemy? How many days until we reach the enemy's territory? What steps must be taken to ensure victory? Therefore, I have appointed Infantry Colonel and Chief Scribe of the Palace Secretariat, Wang Yun, to assist you in devising strategies." General Ying subsequently submitted his battle plan to the emperor.
General Ying first defeated the enemy at Yinling, slaying twenty-five of Xiao Yan's commanders and capturing over five thousand enemy heads. He then defeated the enemy multiple times at Liangcheng, killing forty-two enemy generals. Including those killed, captured, or drowned, nearly fifty thousand enemies were eliminated. Xiao Yan's Grand General of the Central Army, Prince Xiao Hong of Linchuan, as well as five other generals, fled south along the Huai River. General Ying also captured three hundred thousand measures of grain. The emperor issued a commendation to General Ying: "I am aware that you have struck a significant blow against the enemy; your reputation has spread throughout the South China Sea, the Yangtze River is calm, and the San Chu region is stable. Your achievements have reached the remote regions, and the unification of the realm is only just beginning. Both you and the court take great satisfaction in this; you have fully met my expectations. Now is the time to capitalize on this victory, advance directly towards Wuhui, thoroughly eradicate the remaining enemy forces, and decisively quell the rebellion in the southeastern region!"
The English army pursued the enemy until Ma Tou, and the garrison commander of Ma Tou abandoned the city and fled, so they surrounded Zhongli City. The court issued a decree saying: "The army has been fighting outside for a long time, the soldiers and war horses are exhausted, the enemy city is heavily fortified and difficult to breach, and it is difficult to conquer for a while. Now it is the time of winter and spring alternation. Any slight misstep could lead to defeat, and the daily consumption of the 100,000 troops is huge. We should take a long-term approach and not rush into things. For now, quietly prepare for battle to show our readiness, repair the territory, and demonstrate our power. The surrounding tribes and the people of Chu have always been easy to escape. Some hide in deep mountains and lakes, and some are hard to track down. If we encounter dangerous bandits, they should be swiftly dealt with to secure the border. If we face strong and cunning enemies that are difficult to conquer for a while, there is no need to attack forcefully. As for when to return triumphantly, there is no need to be too rigid."
The English messenger said: "I was ordered to suppress the rebels, determined to eliminate the bandits, and estimated that we should be able to succeed in attacking Zhongli by the end of February or early March. However, it has been raining heavily since the first day of this month, which is truly disappointing. However, the emperor's forces are mobilizing and cannot be delayed by a small matter, which could cause disputes. I have also carefully considered: if the weather is clear and dry after March, attacking the city is a common practice. If it keeps raining and we cannot attack, I have reinforced the defenses on Shaoyang Bridge to prevent enemy raids. In case of a sudden rise in floodwaters, I'm concerned that the bridge might get washed out, so I have arranged for some people to build boats and construct a pontoon bridge in the narrow water near Zhongli City. By mid-March, the bridge will definitely be completed. We will attack the city in fine weather, besiege in the rain, advance on both land and water, and strive to take Zhongli as soon as possible. I respectfully urge the court to broaden its perspective, give more time, and not let the achievements we've already made be squandered."
The court issued a decree, saying: "The main army has been fighting in the wilderness for a long time, and the strategies of offense and defense are foreseeable. You have repeatedly reported that victory is expected before late spring, and after reviewing your memorial, victory is also expected by the end of May. The local area is muddy and not suitable for a prolonged stay. Although victory is certain, this reflects the general's careful planning; however, prolonged warfare will exhaust the troops, which is a concern of the court. Therefore, Cao Dao was sent to observe the military situation, and upon his return, he will report all details." After Cao Dao returned, Ying still reported, "Victory can be achieved."
In April, the river surged and broke the bridges, resulting in nearly half of them dead as Ying and his soldiers fled in a panic. After reaching Yangzhou, Ying sent someone to deliver the military seal, official attire, ornaments (referring to decorative items, not a person), and insignia to the relevant official. The relevant department reported that Ying had made errors in his military deployment and that he should be punished with death. The emperor ordered a pardon from the death penalty and allowed him to live as a commoner.
Later, King You of Jingzhao rebelled, and Ying was reinstated as a king, granted control over a thousand households, appointed as a commissioner, and named General Who Maintains Order, with command of the military affairs in Jizhou. However, before Ying could set out, Jizhou had already been pacified. At this time, the Supervisor of Zhongdu in Yingzhou, Rongzu, secretly supported the army of Xiao Yan, who advanced from Yiyang. The garrison troops at the three passes surrendered to Xiao Yan. The provincial governor of Yingzhou, Lou Yue, defended the city against Xiao Yan. The residents of Xuanhu City, led by Bai Zaosheng, killed the provincial governor of Yuzhou, Sima Yue, and rebelled in the south of the city. Xiao Yan's general, Qi Gouren, defended Xuanhu, while Sima Yue's son, who was married to Princess Huayang, was also captured by Xiao Yan's army. The court appointed Ying as a commissioner and named him General Who Maintains Order, commander of the Southern Expedition, and granted him the title of General Who Conquers the South, permitting him to depart from Runan.
Emperor Shizong summoned General Ying and said to him, "Lou Yue has been negligent in his duties in governing the region, appointing the wrong officials, which has led the people of Yingzhou to draw enemies. The garrison troops at the passes are fleeing, and Yiyang is isolated and without support, in a critical situation. You are a fierce general of the country, with a renowned reputation, which is why I have appointed you to personally lead the army to suppress the rebellion. In the past, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were constantly at war due to the Xiongnu, and now the southern border is unstable. Don’t use being tired as an excuse to back out of this task." General Ying replied, "I’m not as skilled as Han Xin or Bai Qi, my knowledge is not as great as Sun Wu or Wu Qi. I have only been favored due to my status as a member of the royal family. My strategies are lacking, which has caused many mistakes and heavy losses for the army. I should be executed like Zhang Zifan was and apologize to the world. Your Majesty's kindness has given me a chance to start over in this prosperous time, like Xun Bo. I swear to pursue Mengshi (referring to Xiao Yan) to seek revenge. The small rebel forces in the passes and Yingzhou are not a concern. I have a strategy to eliminate the rebels, so Your Majesty need not worry." Shizong said, "I expect you to pacify the southeast, stabilize Huainan and Chudi once more. Zhongli's mistakes won't take away from your accomplishments. Now that you lead the army, I can rest assured."
The Emperor, feeling that Xing Luan had repeatedly defeated Zao Sheng, ordered Guo Ying to go to Yiyang for battle. Guo Ying thought the manpower was insufficient and kept asking for reinforcements, but the Emperor did not agree. However, Guo Ying took charge and collaborated with Xing Luan to attack Xuanhu City, successfully taking it. Afterwards, he led the army to continue advancing. Initially, Gou Ren occupied Xuanhu City, while Ning Shuo General Zhang Daoning and others led troops to guard Chucheng. When they heard Guo Ying's army was coming, they abandoned the city and ran south. Guo Ying pursued them, killing Zhang Daoning and Cao Kusheng of the Yanzhou Tiger Guard, and capturing all their soldiers.
After arriving in Yiyang, he prepared to attack the three passes. Guo Ying formulated a battle strategy, saying, "The three passes rely on each other, just like a person's left and right hands. If one pass is captured, the other two can be taken without the need to attack. It's better to attack the easier targets than the harder ones. The eastern pass is relatively easy to attack and should be taken first, just as Huangshi Gong said: 'In battle, be as swift as the wind, and in attacking a city, be as fierce as a bursting river.' Guo Ying was worried that the enemy would concentrate their forces to defend the eastern pass, so he sent Chief Li Hua to lead five armies to attack the western pass, to distract the enemy's forces, while he personally led the main army to attack the eastern pass.
Previously, Ma Xianping sent General Ma Guang to lead the troops stationed in Changbo, while the military commander Hu Wenchao established a camp in Songxian. Guo Ying arrived in Changbo, and Ma Guang fled to Wuyang at night. Guo Ying marched his army to attack Wuyang, and upon hearing that Yanzhou had sent General Peng Wengsheng and General Xu Chaoxiu to reinforce Wuyang, Guo Ying slowed down the attack, saying, "Let them into the city. I have observed the situation in Wuyang before; it is very easy to attack, taking it down is as easy as picking something up." The generals did not believe him. After Peng Wengsheng and others entered Wuyang, Guo Ying accelerated the siege, and six days later, Ma Guang and others surrendered.
Next, Guo Ying attacked Huangxian, and the Crown Prince Zuo Wei of Yanzhou, Li Yuanlu, abandoned the city and fled. He then attacked the western pass, and the Governor of Yanzhou, Ma Xianping, also fled immediately, as Guo Ying had predicted. A total of six enemy generals, twenty mid-level officers, seven thousand soldiers, four hundred thousand measures of grain, and a lot of military supplies were captured.
Upon returning to the court, he was appointed as the Supervisor of the Imperial Secretariat. In the third year of Yongping, Guo Ying passed away. The court bestowed upon him the secret treasures of the Eastern Garden, a set of court attire, seven hundred pieces of silk, posthumously honored as Duke of Situ, and conferred the posthumous title of Xianwu King. Guo Ying had five sons, one of whom was named You, with the style name Xuanxing, who worked as a groom in the Eastern Palace and passed away early, posthumously appointed as a Cavalier Attendant.
Xi, the younger brother of the You family, is also known by his courtesy name, Zhenxing. He is a diligent, handsome, and talented individual, well-known for his literary skills, though he tends to be a bit frivolous and not very steady in his actions. His older brother Ying believed that Xi was not capable of managing the household well, always wanting to undermine him and appoint the fourth son as the heir. However, after much discussion among the family, no one agreed, and even after repeated requests from the fourth son, it was finally dropped. Xi initially served as a secretary, inherited the title in the second year of Yanchang, and then rose through the ranks to become the Chief Architect. He later served as the Minister of Works and then the Attendant of the Yellow Gates. Not long after, he was transferred to the Palace Attendants as the Palace Attendant of Luxuriant Favor. At that time, he served under Yu Zhong, who was in power, and Xi was Yu Zhong's son-in-law, so he experienced rapid promotions, rising several ranks within just one year. He was then promoted to General of Pacifying the West, Governor of Eastern Qinzhou, and further promoted to General Who Maintains the West, concurrently serving as the Supervisor of the Secretariat. Not long after, he was appointed as the Inspector of Xiangzhou in the capacity of General of Pacifying the West.
Xi took office in Xiangzhou in July. On that day, there was a strong wind and heavy rain, extremely cold, causing over twenty people and dozens of horses and donkeys to freeze to death. Xi remembered that his grandfather had experienced a similar incident before, making him feel very uncomfortable and ill-omened. To make matters worse, his courtyard was infested with maggots, which was just adding insult to injury.
Once upon a time, Prince Yi of Qinghe had a particularly good relationship with the two brothers, Xi. Later, Liu Teng and Yuan Cha separated the palace and forged a royal decree to kill Yi, which prompted Xi to raise an army in rebellion. He wrote to the emperor, saying: "I've heard that peace and danger can shift at any moment; sometimes luck is on your side, and sometimes it isn't. In my youth, I lived through a prosperous era, but now in my later years, I face many challenges. From the time our ancestors established the dynasty, there have been nine emperors, all wise and capable, from Gaozu to Shizong. Our Empress Dowager is enlightened and pious, her virtue is as good as that of Ma Yuan and Deng Yu; the emperor is even more wise and far-sighted. The world is at peace, and all corners have submitted to the Great Zhou. Yet, the general Yuan Cha, relying on his status as a relative by marriage, displays his might beside the emperor, with a heart more vicious than a wolf, ready to bite the hand that feeds him. He has separated the palace and disregards even the most basic etiquette. What is even more detestable is that the Grand Tutor, King of Qinghe, was also harmed by him! Loyal ministers and righteous men are too frightened to attend court, and the royal relatives are all indignant. He dares to twist the truth; this is just outrageous! It is as if Wang Mang and Dong Zhuo have reappeared! Looking at the palace makes my heart ache to tears, like weeds that, if not pulled, will overrun the hills. Moreover, with Yuan Cha's rebellion, who can endure this! Although I am a royal relative, I'm ready to fight to the death; even if it means being torn to shreds, I won't back down. Now I have raised troops in rebellion, and the eighty thousand strong army has already set out. Civil and military officials are rushing to help, and I have arranged to act together with Wang Hui, the governor of Bingzhou, Wang Yuan, the governor of Hengzhou, and Xiao Baoyin, the governor of Xuzhou, on the fourteenth. I hope our ancestors bless us so we righteous men can root out treachery and bring peace back to the capital. I'm personally leading the three armies, marching day and night toward Wencheng, waiting for the emperor's orders. All you princes and ministers, some of your families have been loyal for generations, and some have received great imperial favor; if you can unite to take down Yuan Cha and please the Empress Dowager and the emperor, I'll lay down my arms and return to court to ask for forgiveness."
"Though I may lack the talents of the ancients and don’t hold a high position, how can I just sit back and watch treachery and chaos unfold while living in comfort and luxury?"
Xi led a rebellion for just ten days when his chief of staff Liu Yuanzhang, his deputy You Jing, and the governor of Wei County Li Xiaoyi joined forces with the people of the city to revolt. They charged into Xi's main camp, killed more than forty of his subordinates, captured Xi, and imprisoned him in a tall tower, also capturing his descendants. Yuan Cha then sent the Left Chancellor, Lu Tong, to execute Xi publicly in the streets of Ye City and sent his head to the capital.
Xi's concubine from the Yu clan had long suspected Xi was doomed to fail, so she never participated in his plans and cried incessantly from start to finish. Before his execution, Xi composed a five-character poem for his officials: "Righteousness moves the noble, loyalty dies with the lord's disgrace. How can one uphold this loyalty? I shall part with my seven-foot frame." As he bid farewell, he left a message for his dearest friend: "In life, my heart has always been sincere, devoted to my closest confidant. From this moment on, all will fade away, and sorrow will know no bounds."
Xi was once a prestigious feudal prince, cultured and with a taste for new experiences. Renowned elders and emerging talents flocked to visit him. During Xi's time stationed in Ye City, his close friends, talented scholars like Yuan Fan, Li Yan, Li Shenjun, the Wang brothers, and Pei Jingxian, gathered by the river to bid him farewell and wrote poems. When Xi was about to be executed, he wrote a letter to his close friends, saying, "My brother and I have received the Empress Dowager's favor. My brother guards the province, while I serve in the palace. The Empress Dowager treats us with maternal affection. Given the current state of affairs, I cannot find peace, which is why I led the people to fight for justice. However, my abilities were limited, and I was quickly captured. I feel ashamed before the court and guilty towards my friends. At first, I acted out of a sense of justice, but now I am weighed down by my conscience, and what more can I say! Just as Li Si longed for the yellow dog of Shangcai, or Lu Ji missed the crane's cry in Huating, isn't it because everything feels ephemeral and irretrievable? Now I still long for the autumn moon, to bask in the spring breeze, lean against fragrant grass, invite scholars under the flower trees, and compose poetry by the Luo River. How could this ever be? Gentlemen, take care of yourselves, work for the country, uphold your honor, and make your mark. What more can I say?" People at the time sympathized with him.
Before Prince Cheng of Rencheng died, it is said that Wang Xi had a dream. In the dream, a voice told him, "Prince Cheng is going to die, and you won't survive more than two hundred days. If you don't believe it, go and see Prince Cheng's mansion." In the dream, Wang Xi looked towards Prince Cheng's house and found that all four walls had collapsed, not a single tile remained! Wang Xi was so frightened that he woke up and quickly told his family about it. Later, Wang Xi indeed died, just as he had seen in the dream.
Wang Xi and his two brothers fought alongside the founding emperor. They were greedy and brutal while serving in the army, sometimes killing innocent people to win accolades and rewards. Wang Zhong contemplated framing Guo Zuo and Pei Zhi but hesitated to take action, and Wang Xi urged him on until he finally killed them both. Many believed they had been wronged. Later, Wang Xi ultimately faced his own downfall, and everyone believed it was retribution.
After Empress Dowager Ling regained power, Wang Xi was posthumously honored with the titles of Governor of Jideying, Xiangyou Wuzhou, Grand General, Grand Marshal, and Governor of Jizhou, and was granted the additional title of a thousand households. He was posthumously awarded the title of Prince Wenzhuang.
Wang Xi's eldest son, Jingxian, second son, Zhongxian, and third son, Shuxian, were all killed with him. Later, Empress Dowager Ling posthumously appointed Jingxian as the General of the Central Army and Governor of Qingzhou, buried with the honors befitting a prince; Zhongxian as the Left General and Governor of Yanzhou; Shuxian as the Right General and Governor of Qizhou.
Wang Xi's uncle, Shuxian's brother, Shuren, escaped due to his youth and moved to Shuozhou with his mother. During the Xiaochang period, Empress Dowager Ling ordered Shuren to return to the capital, restoring his family's property and home to him, and naming him the heir to the throne. He was later appointed as the General of Conquering the Barbarians and Supervisor of the Imperial Guards. During the Xiaozhuang period, Shuren was killed in Heyin, and was posthumously honored as the Grand General of Wei, the Equal of the Three Offices, and Governor of Bingzhou.
Wang Xi's son Wang Lin inherited his title, but his title was also downgraded following the Qi court's usurpation. Wang Xi's brother Wang You, styled Huixing, rose from the position of a clerk to Director of the Imperial Secretariat, Deputy Chief of the Crown Prince's Office, General of the Conquering Troops, and Deputy Minister of the Imperial Guards. Later, he was appointed as General of the Right and Governor of Nanjin. He was ultimately killed in Qizhou, but his wife and children were not implicated. After his death, he was posthumously awarded the title of Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, Governor of Yongzhou, and later posthumously granted the title of Yitong Sansi and enfeoffed as the Duke of Duchang with an estate of 800 households, receiving the posthumous name of Gong. His son Wang Shibo inherited his title and served as a Palace Attendant, but his title was also downgraded following the Qi court's usurpation.
You's younger brother Lue, styled Junxing, was more talented than him, but he himself was quite well-known. He started from the position of a clerk and gradually rose to positions such as Commander of the Imperial Guard, Tongzhisangqi Changshi, and Champion General.
After the death of King Qinghe Wang Yi, Lue was demoted to deputy general in Huaishuo Town. Before he could take up his post, his brother rebelled, and he wrote to invite him to join. As a result, when his brother failed, Lue secretly fled and sought refuge with his former acquaintance, Sima Shibin of Hanoi. Shibin was known for his integrity and provided him with a bamboo raft, and they crossed the Mengjin together under the cover of night, arriving at Tunliu County in Shangdang to seek refuge with Li Faguang. Li Faguang was a man of his word and gladly took him in. Lue had previously known Diao Shuang, who was then the governor of Xihe, and he sought him out. After staying with Diao Shuang for over a year, Diao Shuang sent his son Diao Chang to help Lue escape to Jiangnan. Xiao Yan held him in high regard, granting him the title of King of Zhongshan, providing him with a thousand households of land, and making him the governor of Xuancheng.
After some time, the governor of Xuzhou, Yuan Faseng, rebelled in the south of the city, and the people of Xuzhou were compelled to rise up against him. Xiao Yan then appointed Lue as the Grand General, instructing him to go to Pengcheng to persuade those who had just defected to Yuan Faseng to surrender. When Lue arrived in Pengcheng and was stationed in Henan, he was ultimately defeated by King Anle, only managing to escape back to the city with a few dozen cavalry. Later, Xiao Yan sent Wang Zong of Yuzhang to garrison Xuzhou and recalled Lue along with Yuan Faseng. Although Lue was in Jiangnan, he was constantly worried about the troubles at home, crying daily as if he had lost a loved one. He particularly disliked Yuan Faseng, never smiled when he spoke to him. Xiao Yan then appointed Lue as the governor of Hengzhou, but he hadn't taken up his post yet. Consequently, Wang Zong of Yuzhang surrendered the city to the court, and Zong's chief historian Jiang Ge, Sima Zutian, and five thousand soldiers were captured. The emperor ordered the appropriate departments to send Jiang Ge and the others back to Jiangnan, and also summoned Lue back. Xiao Yan then sent him back with great ceremony.
As he was about to return, Yan hosted a farewell banquet, giving him a hundred jin of gold and silver. All of Yan's officials came to send him off at the riverbank, and he dispatched his deputy guard Xu Que to lead over a hundred men to escort him to the capital. Emperor Suzong ordered the Grand Minister Diao Shuangjing to go and offer him condolences first, and also ordered Xuzhou to grant him a thousand bolts of silk and a thousand bolts of cloth. He appointed him as a Palace Attendant and the King of Yiyang, with a fief of a thousand households. Upon his return to Shiren Yating, the emperor ordered that all relatives, royal family members, and officials who knew him could welcome him in the outskirts. The emperor also granted him three thousand bolts of silk, a residence, five thousand stones of grain, and thirty servants. His Sima Shibin was promoted to a position in the central government, Li Faguang was promoted to the county magistrate, Diao Chang was promoted to the governor of Dongping, and Diao Shuang was promoted to the governor of Xiyanzhou. Wherever he went, he was generously provided for in terms of accommodations and meals.
Later, he was again granted the title of King of Dongping and appointed as Grand General of Cavalry and Chariots, Left Minister of Rites, equivalent to the Three Excellencies of State, while he continued to serve as Palace Attendant. He also concurrently served as the Director of the Imperial Academy and was later promoted to Grand General and Minister of State. Empress Ling trusted him greatly, and her level of trust in him was almost the same as that in Yuan Hui. At that time, the world was in turmoil, with numerous military and state affairs, but he merely followed established procedures to safeguard himself, contributing nothing special, just a loyal minister.
Er Zhu Rong was his uncle, and he usually looked down on Er Zhu Rong; he also formed a faction with Zheng Yan and Xu He, and Er Zhu Rong held a grudge against him. After Er Zhu Rong entered Luoyang, he was killed in Hexin. The court posthumously granted him his original office, promoted him to Grand Guardian, Minister of Works, and Governor of Xuzhou, with the posthumous name Wen Zhen.
His son Jing Shi inherited his title. During the Wuding years, he served as the Governor of Northern Guangping. After the Northern Qi surrendered, his title was downgraded.
His younger brother Zuan, styled Shaoxing, had considerable military talent. He served as the Director of the Minister of Works. Hearing that Gao Huan had raised an army, he fled to Ye City, but upon his arrival, he was captured and executed alongside Gao Huan. The court posthumously granted him the title of Duke of Beiping, appointed him as General of the North and Governor of Hengzhou, and later changed his title to Marquis of Gaotang County, with a fief of eight hundred households. His son Zixian succeeded him and died while serving as Sima in Jingzhou.
Once, Yuanxi's half-brother Yixing later followed his uncle to Luoyang. When Emperor Suzong of Tang first ascended the throne, Yixing was appointed as the Assistant Cavalry Attendant. When the incident concerning Yuanxi took place, Yixing happened to be away from him, so he was not implicated. Later, he was promoted to General for the Protection of the State and Regular Cavalry Attendant. During the reign of Emperor Xiaozhuang, he was killed in Heyin. The court posthumously conferred upon him the titles of General of the Central Army and Governor of Yingzhou, and later also posthumously conferred upon him the titles of Regular Cavalry Attendant and General of Eastern Expedition, while his other official positions remained unchanged. Yixing's wife was from the Li family of Zhao County, and Lady Li was quite skilled in her crafts and had a good relationship with the wife of Er Zhu Rong. During the Yong'an period, the court posthumously conferred upon Yixing the title of Prince of Yan County, with a fief of five hundred households. Soon after, he was re-titled to Prince of Julu, and later as the Prince of Wuyi.
Yixing's son was named Shu, who inherited his title. During the Tianping period, he served as a Regular Cavalry Attendant. After the Northern Qi replaced the Northern Wei dynasty, he had his title downgraded.
Yixing's brother was named Yi, who initially served as an Infantry Officer, later promoted to City Gate Officer, and eventually rose to the position of Town General of Shanshan. While in office, he was involved in corruption and was investigated by the authorities; he managed to flee and evade capture. He died during the Yanchang period. During Emperor Zhuang's reign, because he was the brother-in-law of Er Zhu Rong, the court exceptionally posthumously conferred upon him the titles of General of Cavalry, Grand Chancellor, Governor of Yongzhou, and Prince of Fufeng.
Yixing's younger brother Yi has an eldest son named Su. He initially served as an Assistant Minister of the Imperial Guard and was later promoted to a directorship. When Emperor Zhuang ascended the throne, he granted Su the title of King of Lu County, along with a fief of one thousand households. He was also appointed as a court attendant, and later served as General of the Rear and Governor of Guangzhou. Subsequently, he took on the roles of General of the Guard and Governor of Sizhou. His brother Ye later proclaimed himself emperor and conferred upon Su the titles of Palace Attendant, Grand Tutor, and Minister of State Affairs. Soon after, he was reassigned as a Special Envoy and Commander of Military Affairs in the five provinces of Qing, Jiao, Guang, Qi, and Nan, as well as General of the Cavalry and Grand Chancellor of the Southeast, along with Governor of Qingzhou, though he never took up this position. He passed away in the second year of Yongxi. The court posthumously conferred upon him the titles of Special Envoy, Palace Attendant, Commander of Military Affairs in Bing and Heng provinces, General, Minister of Works, and Governor of Bingzhou.
Su's son Dao inherited his title and was appointed as General of the Front. After the Northern Qi replaced the Northern Wei, his title was also downgraded.
Ye, styled Huaxing, had the nickname Penzi. He was impulsive yet very strong. He initially served as a secretary and gradually rose to the position of Assistant Minister of the Imperial Guard. When Emperor Zhuang first took office, he granted him the title of King of Changguang, along with a fief of one thousand households. He was later sent to Taiyuan to serve as Governor, overseeing the governance of Bingzhou. After Er Zhu Rong's death, Shi Long and others fled back to Bingzhou and joined Er Zhu Zhao in Jianxing, where they elected Ye as their leader, then granted an amnesty to the areas under their jurisdiction and changed the era name to Jianming. Shortly thereafter, he was deposed by Shi Long and others.
Later, when the former deposed emperor ascended the throne, Ye was conferred the title of King of Donghai and granted a fief of ten thousand households. When Emperor Chu was in power, for an offense, he was executed at home. With no sons, his title became extinct.
King Changshou of Chengyang was conferred the title of king in the second year of Huangxing and appointed as General of the West Expedition and Grand Official of the Outer Capital. He was later sent to Woyezhen to serve as Grand General. He was intelligent and kind, adept at socializing, and had a high reputation in the town. He passed away in the fifth year of Yanxing, and he was posthumously conferred the title of King Kang.
His eldest son, Du Hou, died at a young age. His second son, Luan, whose courtesy name was Xuanming, initially inherited the title of Marquis from his uncle, King Jing of Zhanwu, and after his brother's death, he inherited his father's title. This young man stood eight feet tall and had a waist measurement of ten. He was famous for his martial arts and often served as the Grand General of the Northern Capital. During the reign of Gaozu, he was appointed as a high-ranking official in the capital. Later, he was appointed as General-in-Chief, Commander of the Western Regions, Grand General of the Conquest of the West, and Governor of Liangzhou, while retaining his other official positions.
He later served as an official in the capital. When the Emperor was on a southern expedition, he was appointed as the General of the Garrison. After the capital was moved to Luoyang, Emperor Gaozu went to Ye City for an inspection and ordered him to stay in Luoyang. Later, a system of five ranks was established, and he was granted a fief of one thousand households. Subsequently, he was appointed as the General-in-Chief of the Southern Conquest, Commander of Yuzhou, Jingzhou, and Yingzhou, as well as overseeing military affairs in Henan County, Shanyang County, Dong County, and other places. Together with the Southern General Lu Yuan and Li Zuo, he launched an attack on Zhayang, but failed to capture it and returned in defeat. At that time, Emperor Gaozu was in Xiaqiu, so he went to the palace to plead for forgiveness. Emperor Gaozu summoned him and others, rebuked them, saying, "As commanders of the army, you are expected to be brave in battle, but you failed to capture the enemy's cities, and when retreating, you failed to eliminate those small enemy forces, which undermined the court's prestige. You deserve death. I have been lenient in my approach since the start of the reforms, so I will spare your lives this time, demote you to King of Dingxiang County, and reduce your fief by five hundred households. In ancient times, when going to war, soldiers always brought the main deity of the temple to demonstrate clear rewards and punishments. Now, I declare your guilt in front of the deity to acknowledge your wrongdoing." Later, due to his merits in guarding Luoyang, he was restored to his original title and was given an additional two hundred households of fief. He was then appointed as the Champion General and Prefect of Henan, and later promoted to Governor of Bingzhou.
During the early years of Emperor Shizong's reign, he was appointed as the General for Pacifying the East and the Prefect of Qingzhou. Later, he was promoted to the General for Defending the North and the Prefect of Dingzhou. He was fond of Buddhism and Daoism, observed the five precepts, abstained from alcohol and meat, and had been a vegetarian for many years. He also built Buddhist temples and encouraged the people to participate in construction, which caused significant hardship for the common people. Emperor Shizong became aware of this situation and issued a decree saying, "Luan is a relative of the emperor, serving as the governor of a large province with many people under his jurisdiction. He should practice self-restraint and serve the public, doing good deeds for the people. However, he frequently conscripts labor from the people, causing too much disturbance, and the populace is filled with grievances. The northern provinces are vast with sparse population, prone to rebellion. According to the law, he should be punished, and his official position should be dismissed. However, due to his relationship with the royal family, I find it difficult to take such action. I will send envoys to rebuke him, strip him of his annual salary, and give him a slight punishment." In the second year of the Zhengshi era, he passed away at the age of 38. The court awarded him six hundred pieces of silk, and the Imperial Secretary Wang Yun read the imperial decree, expressing condolences and posthumously appointing him as the General Who Guards the North and the Prefect of Jizhou, with the posthumous title of Prince Huai. His son Hui, styled Xianshun, was well-educated and showed promise in governance. During Emperor Shizong's reign, he inherited his title, was appointed as a General of the Agile Cavalry, and later became the Prefect of Henan. During his tenure in Henan, he governed with integrity and earned the respect of the local populace. Afterwards, the court recalled him to the capital and appointed him as the Chief Secretary and Cavalier Attendant.
After Emperor Suzong ascended to the throne, the court appointed him as the General of the Right and Governor of Liangzhou. However, Zihui felt that Liangzhou was too far away and firmly requested not to go. Consequently, the court reassigned him as a Gentleman of the Cavalry. In the same year, he was appointed as the Rear General and Governor of Bingzhou. At that time, Bingzhou was suffering from premature frost, crops were failing, and many people were fleeing from famine, with very few living in peace and contentment. Zihui immediately ordered the granaries to be opened to relieve the victims of the disaster, but as a result, all the civil and military officials in the court came to caution him against it. Zihui said, "Previously, Ji Changru was just a county magistrate and dared to open the granaries to help the disaster victims. How can I, as a close minister of the royal family, entrusted with governing a large province, be bound by laws and not alleviate the people's suffering?" He first acted on this matter and then reported to the court to explain the situation. Emperor Suzong greatly appreciated him and thus promoted him to the title of General Who Stabilizes the North.
Later, he was appointed as the General Who Pacifies the West and Governor of Qinzhou. The imperial edict was issued in the morning and arrived by evening. As Zihui was to take up his post in Qinzhou, he requested to enter the capital to accept the appointment and submitted a letter stating his reasons, firmly requesting not to go to Qinzhou. The court then reassigned him as the General Who Supports the State and also appointed him as the Minister of Revenue, further promoting his title to General Who Guards the Army. At that time, it was a period of war, and the border military situation was tense, with the court's army suffering repeated defeats. Considering the substantial costs of the military, Zihui voluntarily offered two thousand bolts of silk and ten thousand shi of grain from his fief to support the troops. However, Emperor Suzong did not accept it. He also concurrently served as the Minister of Personnel, later being promoted to the positions of Chamberlain and General Who Pacifies the East, and subsequently promoted to General Who Guards the Palace and Right Grand Master of the Palace. The court appointed him as the Left Minister of the Secretariat and then promoted him to General of Chariots and Cavalry and Grand Master of Ceremonies, but he stubbornly refused to accept. Finally, after the court relieved him of his position as Chamberlain, he accepted the appointment as Left Minister of the Secretariat. Soon after, he was appointed as the Minister of the Secretariat and promoted to the position of Governor and Inspector of the West Road, but he ultimately did not take up the position.
At that time, Empress Dowager Ling was in complete control, and the court was corrupt. Although Zihui enjoyed the emperor's favor and held a high rank, he did not make efforts to rectify the court, but instead colluded with Zheng Yan and others, protecting one another. On the surface, he seemed gentle and cautious, but he was actually suspicious and envious. At the slightest provocation, he would plot revenge. Those who were perceptive looked down on him. He also couldn't keep his wife, Lady Yu, who was having an affair with Prince Guangyang Yuan. After Prince Guangyang Yuan assumed command of the army, he would accuse Zihui of wrongdoing every time he presented to the court, some of which were false accusations, but many were true.
Upon the emperor's return to the palace, he rewarded Gao Huan for his contributions by appointing him as Palace Attendant, Grand Marshal, and Grand Commandant, granting him ceremonial items and increasing his land holdings by 20,000 households, while retaining his other titles. Gao Huan repeatedly requested to relinquish his official positions and land holdings, expressing that the credit for the victory in Hebei belonged to the soldiers, and he wanted the rewards to be given to those who deserved it. Emperor Zhuang understood his intentions and permitted him to relinquish his land holdings, but not his official positions.
Gao Huan's wife is the daughter of the uncle of Emperor Zhuang. Li Yu, an attendant, is the husband of the emperor's sister. Gao Huan was skilled at flattery and adept at pleasing others. With his relationships inside and outside the palace, no one in the court could compare to him. So he and Li Yu persuaded Emperor Zhuang to pursue pleasure, which he was already inclined to do. After Erzhu Rong's death, his subordinates still occupied key positions and refused to disband. The emperor elevated Gao Huan to the position of Grand Preceptor while still holding the positions of Grand Marshal, Chief Minister, and Director of the Imperial Secretariat, allowing him to oversee both internal and external affairs of the court. Gao Huan had initially believed that Erzhu Rong's death would lead to the natural dissolution of his power. He did not expect that Erzhu Rong's clan would gather to conspire to rebel. Gao Huan had no strategy to address this situation, only feelings of worry and fear. He was extremely jealous and did not want others to surpass him. In military meetings, he consistently discussed matters privately with the emperor. If court officials proposed strategies on state affairs, he advised the emperor not to adopt them, always saying, "What is there to worry about those petty thieves? They can be eliminated." He was also very stingy with money, both personally and for the country. Therefore, this was a waste of both money and favors, failing to win people's hearts. Emperor Zhuang was originally frugal, which aligned perfectly with Gao Huan's intentions. Li Miao, the Assistant Minister of the Imperial Household, had previously served as Gao Huan's Marshal when he was Minister of Works, and Gao Huan had always been good to him. Li Miao frequently offered advice to Gao Huan, but after attaining power, Gao Huan largely ignored him. Li Miao told others, "Chengyang (Gao Huan's fiefdom) was originally full of evil people, and now the howling of wolves is starting to be revealed."
Er Zhu Zhao led his troops into the palace, causing the Imperial Guards to flee, and Emperor Zhuang hurriedly ran out from the Yunlong Gate. The horse he rode galloped at full speed, and the emperor kept calling for him, but the groom Hui paid no heed and kept running. Emperor Zhuang ran all the way to the south of the mountain, taking refuge at the home of his former subordinate, Kou Mi. On the surface, Kou Mi sheltered him, but he was very uneasy inside, frightening Emperor Zhuang by claiming that the officials and soldiers were soon to be in pursuit, urging him to hide elsewhere. Ultimately, Kou Mi sent someone to ambush and kill Emperor Zhuang along the way and then delivered the corpse to Er Zhu Zhao. Later, after Emperor Zhuang's death, he was posthumously honored with the titles of Envoy with Special Authority, Palace Attendant, Grand Preceptor, Grand Marshal, Registrar of the Ministry of Revenue, and Governor of Sizhou Province, with the posthumous title of Emperor Wenxian.
His son Yan inherited the title and rose to the position of Grand Minister of the Crown Prince during the Wuding period. After the Northern Qi replaced the Northern Wei, his title was downgraded.
Emperor Zhuang's brother Hui's elder brother Xian Wei had served as a Secretary and an Aide to the Minister of Works, and after his death, he was posthumously awarded the title of General Who Supports the Nation and Governor of Dongyu Province.
Hui's other elder brother Xian Gong, styled Huaizhong, had served as a Deputy in Yangzhou and was granted the title of Marquis of Pingyang County for his military accomplishments, which included a fief of three hundred households. After Emperor Xiaozhuang ascended the throne, he was appointed as the General of the Northern Army, and later promoted to Left General and Governor of Dongxu Province. He then entered the court to serve as General of the East and Minister of Agriculture. He subsequently rose to General of the Central Army and Governor of Jingzhou. After Emperor Zhuang killed Er Zhu Rong, he appointed Xian Gong as Envoy with Special Authority, Commander of Military Affairs in Jin, Jian, and Nanfen provinces, General Who Pacifies the West, concurrently Left Minister of the Ministry of Rites, and Governor of Jinzhou. After Er Zhu Zhao invaded Luoyang, Xian Gong died in Jinyang. After Emperor Zhuang's death, he was posthumously awarded the title of Grand General of the Guard and Governor of Bingzhou, and later further honored as Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry and Minister of the Three Departments.
Xian Gong's son Yan Zhao inherited his title and served as the Governor of Yuyang during the Wuding period. After the Northern Qi replaced the Northern Wei, his title was similarly downgraded.
Xian Gong's younger brother, Xu, whose courtesy name was Xian He, was conferred the title of Prince of Xiangcheng during the reign of Emperor Zhuang and was given a fief of one thousand households. During the Wuding era, he attained the rank of Grand Marshal. After the Northern Qi overthrew the Northern Wei, his title was also reduced.
King Zhangwu, Tai Luo, passed away in the second year of Huangxing. After his death, he was posthumously granted the title of General Who Conquers the North and Prince of Zhangwu, with the posthumous title of Jing. He had no sons, so after Emperor Gaozu ascended to the throne, he permitted the second son of Duke Huai of Nan'an, Bin, to inherit his title.
Old Bin, whose courtesy name was Bao Er, succeeded to the title. This guy was both brave and strong, truly a remarkable military talent. He was later appointed as the envoy with command authority, overseeing military affairs in the three provinces of Dongqin, Bin, and Xia, as well as the General Who Pacifies the West, the Colonel of the Western Barbarians, the Supreme Commander of Wan Town, and the Governor of Shuozhou, with his official positions rapidly increasing. Unfortunately, he was too greedy, and as a result, his title was stripped away.
At that time, the Tuyuhun tribes rebelled, and the emperor ordered Old Bin to take the baton and temporarily appointed him as General Who Pacifies the North, sending him to manage the affairs of Fenzhou and leading the troops from Bingzhou to quell the rebellion. The rebels were subdued, and Old Bin was promoted to General Who Conquers the Captives and Governor of Fenzhou. Unexpectedly, over six hundred barbarians were secretly preparing to rebel and inciting others to join them. Old Bin requested the court for twenty thousand troops, and the higher-ups agreed. When the emperor heard this, he was furious and shouted, “What nonsense is this! Always resorting to military action? It should be handled flexibly based on the situation; if it’s not handled well and you need so many troops, then first behead the governor before sending troops!” Upon hearing this, Old Bin was terrified and swiftly led the provincial troops, charging to the front himself to quell those barbarians.
In the twenty-third year of the Taihe era, Old Bin passed away. The court honored him with one hundred thousand coins and two hundred bolts of silk, posthumously restored his original position, and bestowed upon him the honorary title of Scattered Cavalry Regular Attendant. Old Bin was survived by five sons.
His eldest son is named Rong, courtesy name Yongxing. This young man is tall and handsome, dresses with flair, and carries himself with great style. He has an open-hearted and generous personality, full of masculinity. During the reign of Emperor Gaozu, he was appointed as a secretary. When Emperor Shizong ascended the throne, he was restored to his original noble rank and was also appointed as a General of Pacification of Rebels.
Xiao Yan sent troops to attack Huaiyang, resulting in the fall of Liangcheng. The emperor then entrusted Rong with the baton and appointed him as General of Pacification, sending him south to quell the rebellion. Rong achieved a great victory and recaptured Liangcheng. At that time, Yuan Song, the governor of Yangzhou, was assassinated by his own servant, so the emperor assigned Rong the temporary administration of Yangzhou. Not long after, the emperor promoted him to General of Pacification and Governor of Binzhou, and he was given the baton.
When Emperor Shizong passed away, he also took on the position of Minister of Construction, responsible for the construction of Jingling. Later, he was appointed as the Minister of the Imperial Clan and was also put in charge of Yingzhou, but he was unable to take office due to illness. Soon after, he was appointed as a Regular Attendant, General of Eastern Pacification, and Governor of Qingzhou. He later became the Secretary Supervisor and was then promoted to Central Military Officer, with his title elevated to General of Military Suppression. He also concurrently held the position of Governor of Henan and was given the additional title of General of Eastern Conquest.
This person was particularly greedy and cruel, constantly thinking about exploiting the people's resources. Later, he was impeached by the Deputy Censor and was stripped of his official position. At that time, the mountain tribes in Fenzhou and Xiazhou rebelled and colluded with Zhengping and Pingyang. The emperor subsequently restored his previous official position, appointing him as the General of Eastern Conquest, giving him a ceremonial staff, and sending him to quell the rebellion. However, he lacked military skill and ended up being defeated by the mountain tribes. After a long time, the emperor promoted him again, making him a Regular Attendant, General of the Guard, and Grand Minister of the Left. Later, the bandit leader Xianyu Xiuli attacked Yingzhou and Dingzhou, and Changsun Zhi and others went to subdue him but ended up losing. The emperor then appointed Rong as General of Cavalry, making him the vanguard in the campaign against Xianyu Xiuli alongside Prince Yuan of Guangyang. The army crossed the Jiao Jin River, and Ge Rong killed Xianyu Xiuli and took over as the leader.
The army moved to Bainiulo, where Ge Rong's light cavalry launched a surprise attack on Rong. Rong fought them fiercely all day with no reinforcements and ultimately faced a crushing defeat and fled, eventually being killed in Chen. The emperor held a memorial ceremony for him in the Eastern Hall, bestowing secret treasures from the Eastern Garden upon him, a set of court robes, and two thousand eight hundred bolts of silk. He was posthumously awarded the title of Attendant to the Emperor, Commander of Military Affairs in Yong, Hua, and Qi, General, Minister of Works, and Governor of Yongzhou. Because Rong died on the battlefield, the emperor posthumously granted him the title of Minister of Personnel and added ceremonial honors for the front and rear banners. After his death, he was given the posthumous title of Zhuangwu.
His son Jingzhe inherited his title. During the Wuding period, he reached the position of Minister of State with the title of Yi Tong San Si. After the Northern Qi usurped the throne, his title was downgraded. Jingzhe's brother Lang became the later Deposed Emperor; the details can be found in the "Chronicles of the Emperors." His grandson Huangtou inherited his title and was granted the title of King of Anding, later changed to King of Anping. After the Northern Qi usurpation, his title was also downgraded.
Rong Di, named Rong Ning, style name Dingxing. He initially served as a military recorder in Hengzhou and gradually rose through the ranks to become the Chief of Military Historians. His aunt was the wife of Er Zhu Rong. In the early reign of Emperor Zhuang of Northern Wei, he was granted the title of Prince of Dong'an and given a fief of five hundred households. He was later appointed as General with Authority and General of the East, Governor of Yanzhou, and then transferred to Governor of Jizhou, while still holding the title of general. In the second year of Yongxi, he passed away, and the court posthumously awarded him the titles of General of the Eastern Expedition, Commander of the Military Affairs of the three provinces of Cang, Ying, and Ji, General of the Cavalry, and Governor of Jizhou.
His son Yan You inherited his noble title. During the reign of Emperor Wu of Northern Wei, Yan You became a Grand Minister of Rites. After Northern Qi replaced Northern Wei, his noble title was downgraded.
Rong Ning's brother, named Rong Zhan, style name Zhenxing. He initially served as an Assistant Minister in the Ministry of Secretaries, later promoted to Assistant Minister of the Left in the Ministry of Rites, and ultimately became the Junior Minister of Justice. He was killed during the He Yin incident shortly after Emperor Zhuang of Northern Wei ascended the throne. The court posthumously awarded him the titles of General of the Eastern Expedition and Governor of Qingzhou, and posthumously granted him the title of Prince of Yuyang with a fief of five hundred households.
His son Jun inherited his noble title. After Northern Qi replaced Northern Wei, his noble title was also downgraded.
Rong Zhan's brother, named Rong Yan, style name Junxing. He passed away while holding the position of Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Secretaries. The court posthumously awarded him the titles of General of Eastern Pacification, Supervisor of the Ministry of Secretaries, and Governor of Yuzhou.
Now, regarding King Le Ling, Hu Er, he passed away in the fourth year of Peace. The court posthumously granted him the title of King of Le Ling and conferred upon him the position of General of the Northern Expedition, who was posthumously honored with the title King Kang. He had no sons. Emperor Xianzhu issued an edict allowing Hu Er's brother, the Prince of Ruyin, Tian Ci’s second son, Yong Quan, to inherit the title of King of Le Ling, who later took the name Si Yu.
During the early reign of Emperor Gaozu, the Rouran people invaded the borders, so he appointed Siyu as the General of the North and the Grand General of the North. Later, he was also appointed as Commissioner, General, Chief Protector of the Xiongnu, Commander, and General of the Central Army. Afterwards, he was sent to be the Commissioner, General Who Guards the East, Grand General of Heilong Town, Inspector of Yingzhou, and also served as the Chief Protector of the Dongyi. He was later promoted to General of the North and actually exercised the powers of the Grand General of the North. Emperor Gaozu once summoned all officials in Guangji Hall and said to Siyu, "The Hengdai region is far away, and the old capital is of great significance, so I have sent your uncle to serve there. You must be cautious and not disappoint my expectations." Later, Mutai plotted treasonously, and although Siyu was aware of it, he did not report it, so he was pardoned from a death sentence but was stripped of his title and reduced to a commoner. During the Taihe era, he was restored to his royal title. In the fourth year of the Zhengshi era, he passed away, and the court posthumously appointed him Inspector of Guangzhou and posthumously conferred him the title of Prince Mi.
This person, Zi Jinglue, styled Shiyi, inherited the title during the reign of Emperor Shizong. He was later appointed as General of the Valiant Cavalry and held important positions such as Commissioner, General of the Champion, and Inspector of Youzhou. In the first year of the Xiping era, he passed away. The court posthumously appointed him as General, Inspector of Yuzhou, bestowed him with four hundred bolts of silk, and posthumously conferred him the title of Prince Hui.
His son was named Ziba, styled Xiubang, who inherited his title. During the Wuding era, he served as the Administrator of Julu. After the abdication of the Qi dynasty, his title was downgraded.
Zi Jinglue's younger brother was named Qingle, who rose to the rank of Cavalry Officer. His son was named Zizheng, who served as the Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry.
Qingle's younger brother was named Honglue, who once served as the Administrator of Hengnong, General of the Central Army, and Acting Inspector of Dongyong Province. His son, Ziyue, served as the Administrator of Pingyuan.
Furthermore, King Xiuding was enfeoffed in the second year of Emperor Gaozu's reign and appointed as Grand General of the Southern Expedition and Senior Official of the Outer Capital. King Xiuding was intelligent and wise from a young age, and he was highly respected in handling political affairs and judicial cases. In the early years of Gaozu's reign, the Kumoxi tribe invaded the border. Gaozu appointed King Xiuding as Commissioner, Palace Attendant, Commander-in-Chief of the military, Grand General of the Eastern Expedition, Chief Protector of the Eastern Barbarians, Supervisor of the Imperial Secretariat, and General of Heliopolis. King Xiuding effectively managed the border defenses, leading to the eventual surrender of the bandits. Later, he returned to the court to serve as a Senior Official of the Inner Capital.
Subsequently, the Rouran tribe invaded, and he was appointed as Commissioner, Grand General of the Northern Expedition, and Grand General of the Fuming Garrison. King Xiuding led by example and repelled the enemy. Upon returning to the court, he served as a Senior Official of the Inner Capital and was later promoted to Grand Tutor. After the establishment of the five-tier peerage system, he was granted a fief of two thousand households.
When the court undertook a southern campaign, King Xiuding was appointed as Grand Commander. Emperor Gaozu personally led the army and discovered some soldiers caught stealing along the way. He intended to execute them in front of the entire army. However, some officials pleaded for clemency. King Xiuding insisted, "Your Majesty led the army personally to quell the rebellion, enduring hardships along the way. If theft occurs at the beginning of the campaign and is not punished, how can we stop the thieves? I urge that military law be strictly enforced to deter thieves." Emperor Gaozu responded, "The Grand Commander enforces the law strictly, and that is indeed necessary. However, considering various circumstances, I have heard that rulers also have moments of grace for the world, and even if military law is violated, pardons can be granted." King Xiuding then followed the imperial decree. Emperor Gaozu told the Minister of Works Feng Dan, "The Grand Commander enforces the law strictly, and the entire army should take this as a warning." Consequently, the entire army showed their respect.
After the capital was established in Luoyang, King Xiuding accompanied Emperor Gaozu to the city of Ye. Emperor Gaozu ordered King Xiuding to lead civil and military officials to Pingcheng to welcome their families. Emperor Gaozu personally bid farewell to King Xiuding north of the Zhang River.
For eighteen years, he had not taken proper rest and was seriously ill. Emperor Gaozu personally went to his home and, upon seeing his condition, cried and inquired about his illness. Along the way, messengers and medicine carriers from the palace arrived continuously. He passed away, and the emperor bestowed upon him three thousand bolts of silk. From his death until the burial, the emperor made three visits to his home. When Emperor Gaozu arrived at his doorstep, he changed into mourning attire, wore a white cap, and put on a mourning cloak. The crown prince and all court officials followed to pay their respects. When it was time for the burial, the emperor rewarded him with another two thousand bolts of silk and posthumously honored him with the title of Prince Jing. The emperor also ordered that he be provided with a yellow ceremonial axe (a symbol of power for ancient emperors or generals), feathered canopies (decorative feathers used in ancient ceremonies), a drum band, the Tiger Ben army (the emperor's ancient bodyguards), and sixty-three sword-bearing ceremonial attendants, with the same honors as those given to the three senior officials. Emperor Gaozu personally escorted him out of the city, returning after weeping bitterly. No other princes received such grace and honor comparable to his. By the time of Emperor Shizong, he was still honored in the ancestral temple. His eldest son, An, died young.
His younger brother Xie was initially just a low-ranking official. When Emperor Shizong was in power, he inherited his father's title and became a Grand Master of the Palace, later promoted to General of the Expeditionary Forces and Governor of Huazhou. Xie submitted a memorial to the emperor stating: "I carefully inspected the administrative center of Huazhou, Lirun Fortress. Although it is said to be the old land of Shaoliang, the territory of the Jin and Rui states, due to the encroachment of the Hu people, it has become a desolate area. This city is certainly not the renowned ancient city; since the founding of the nation, it has merely been a small military camp protecting the Qiang people. Later, it was changed to a town and designated as a county, built near mountains and rivers, simply making use of the existing warehouses and storages, without formally establishing the name and location of the prefecture. I believe that the ancient city of Fengyi, located at the junction of the Qiang people and the Wei state, is situated at the vital land and water crossroads of Xuchang and Luoyang, representing the left flank of the Western Han and the right flank of the Wei state. With a superior geographical position, it is a renowned metropolis and a stronghold in the western frontier. The current location of the prefecture is not only not an ancient city, but also low-lying, with poor water quality, making travel extremely inconvenient, requiring several miles to go back and forth, which makes commuting very laborious at all times, contrary to the teachings of propriety. It would be better to relocate to Fengyi, which is close to the Wei River, surrounded by fields and marshes, with shallow and level wells, lush pastures, and abundant timber resources. Timber can be harvested from Huayin and transported overland for seventy miles; timber can be cut at Longmen and floated downstream. Repairing the old city walls involves little work, saving time and effort, with everyone contributing their strength without feeling overburdened. In the past, the people of the Song state had no wells, and after digging wells, they were very happy; let alone that our entire prefecture lacks water, wouldn't that bring joy to the whole city? I have heard that the previous governor also wished to relocate, but due to wars or disasters, it has been delayed until now. Last year there was a good harvest, with abundant grain in autumn, peace in all borders, and no military conflict in the capital. The cost of relocation is just a few tens of thousands of coins, and the labor required from the people would only take about eighty days. The benefits outweigh the drawbacks, and I earnestly request your approval." After reading the memorial, the emperor issued a decree saying: "Let this matter be settled at once; the relocation has been approved." Later, Xie was promoted to General of the Expeditionary Forces and Governor of Banzhou. He passed away in the fourth year of Yanchang and was posthumously awarded the title of General and Governor of Shuozhou.
His son Chao, courtesy name Huasheng, inherited his father's title at the beginning of Emperor Suzong's reign. At that time, Hu Guozhen was granted the title of Duke of Anding, which was later changed to King of Beiping. Chao was appointed as Captain of the City Gate, a court attendant, and General of the Eastern Middle Army. Soon, he was promoted to Grand Minister of Rites and also served as Chief Artisan. Later, he was restored to his original title. When Er Zhu Rong invaded Luoyang, Chao fled to the south of Luoyang to hide but was ambushed and killed by bandits. Early in the reign of Emperor Zhuang, he was posthumously awarded the titles of Grand General of Cavalry, Minister of Rites, and Governor of Qizhou.
His son Xiao Jing inherited the title. During the Wuding years, he served as a court attendant. After the Northern Qi replaced the Western Wei, his title was reduced.
His younger brother, named Yuanping, was a rebellious character who ignored all rules. During the reign of Emperor Gaozu, he became Assistant Minister. After Emperor Shizong ascended to the throne, he was promoted to court official. However, he became increasingly arrogant and unruly, committing murder and robbery, which caused great suffering for the people and chaos in the court. Emperor Shizong, considering him a royal relative, was reluctant to take severe action and instead dismissed him from office, confining him to a separate residence for reflection. This residence was named "Chousitang," hoping he would genuinely reflect on his actions. After Emperor Shizong's death, Yuanping was released. When Empress Ling came to power, she found that he had not changed his ways and ordered him back to Chousitang for further confinement. After a long time, he was allowed to return home and told to seek proper guidance from a teacher. Later, he was appointed as a court attendant and a general. However, he soon committed another grave mistake, as he stripped his wife Wang of her clothes in front of their children and raped his sister-in-law right next to his mother-in-law! After the truth was uncovered by the censor Hou Gang, he was sentenced to death by strangulation. He narrowly escaped execution due to a general amnesty but was demoted to regular court attendant. He died during the reign of Xiaochang.
His son Xu served as a military officer and court official in the Anxi Prefecture of Youzhou. In the early years of Emperor Zhuang's reign, he was promoted to General of the Direct Pavilion. Later, he also served as General of the Military Guard and as the Ambassador to pacify the twelve provinces of Guanyou, eventually dying in battle against the Tuyuhun. His other son Changchun served as an Attendant Cavalry Officer. In the early years of Wuding, he was appointed as the Prince of Nanjun with a fief of five hundred households. After the Northern Qi dynasty, his title was downgraded. His brother Yongping, who formerly served as General of Conquering the Barbarians and Governor of the Southern Provinces, was later assassinated by a citizen named Hua Yanming. In the early years of Taichang, he was posthumously honored as Ambassador, Palace Attendant, and Commander-in-Chief of military affairs in Dingyin, You, and Yu provinces, Guard General, and Governor of Dingzhou. Yongping's other brother Zhenping served as an official in Sizhou. His son Shuzun served as a Regular Attendant Cavalry Officer. Zhenping's brother Guiping served as the Director of the Imperial Guards and Chief Archer. In the early years of Emperor Zhuang's reign, he was appointed as a Regular Attendant and Assistant Minister of the Imperial Clan, and was made Prince of Donglai with a fief of one hundred households. Later, he was promoted to General of Pacification in the North and Governor of Xiangzhou in the South. After Emperor Zhuang killed Erzhu Rong, he was further appointed as Military Guard General and concurrently served as Palace Attendant, and was assigned as the Ambassador to comfort Hebei and Shandong. As a result, he was captured by Youzhou's Grand Commander, Hou Yuan, in the northeast of Dingzhou and escorted to Jinyang. He was later released and returned to Luoyang. During Emperor Fei's reign, I (referring to the author of the historical records) served as an official in Qingzhou. At that time, a commoner named Cui Zuchi led a rebellion, and his followers besieged Dongyang City for over a hundred days. Guiping led the city's residents in a desperate defense and ordered the soldiers to open the city gates and confront the rebels. Later, the imperial army arrived and captured Cui Zuchi and his followers, executing them. After that, Guiping was promoted, starting as General of Chariots and Cavalry, then to Regular Attendant, followed by General of the Left Guard, and Grand Master, and ultimately to Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, Left Household Grandee, and Secretary of the Board of Works, with his rank increasing.
Gui Ping was a capable person, but he was somewhat reckless and gained the trust of the emperor, Emperor Chudi. Later, he was also promoted to General of the Cavalry and appointed Minister of State, also serving as the Grand Commander of Youzhou. Unfortunately, he was eventually killed by Hou Yuan, the Grand Commander of Youzhou. Historical records comment that Prince Nanan's life was marked by both merits and faults, and the good could not overshadow the bad. Gui Ping, a brave general, was well-respected in his time. The Xī and Lüè brothers had already made a name for themselves in their early years, but one had limited abilities yet grand ambitions, while the other had modest abilities but heavy responsibilities; neither could fulfill their ambitions, and both met untimely ends in obscurity, which is truly unfortunate! King Kang did not reign as emperor for long before he died, and only then did Luan begin to rise to prominence. On the surface, he appeared well-dressed, but he was actually quite cunning, enjoyed scheming, flattering others, and harboring jealousy. Who should take the blame for the disaster in Yong'an? His death was fitting and could be seen as just retribution! As for Zhang Wu and Le Ling, they hardly merit a mention. Prince Jing was intelligent and decisive, held in high regard, and enjoyed a good reputation during the Taihe period, which is certainly commendable.
