Yongzhou, which was renamed Liangzhou during the Han Dynasty, had its administrative center located in Long County of Hanyang Commandery, which was later relocated to Chang'an. It governed five commanderies and thirty-one counties.
Now, let's discuss Jingzhao Commandery. During the Qin Dynasty, it was known as Neishi, and after Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty, became emperor, it was renamed Weinan Commandery. During the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, it was changed to Jingzhao Yin, and the Eastern Han continued to use this name, which fell under the jurisdiction of Sili Commandery. Its jurisdiction was changed again during the Wei Dynasty. Jingzhao Commandery governed eight counties: Chang'an, which was established by Emperor Gaozu of Han, was part of Jingzhao Commandery during the Western Han, Eastern Han, and Jin Dynasties. The city of Chang'an boasted locations such as Kunming Pool, Zhou Ling Terrace, Hao Pool, and Biao Pool. Du County, which also belonged to Jingzhao Commandery during the Western Han, Eastern Han, and Jin Dynasties, was called Duling during the Western and Eastern Han and Du Cheng during the Jin Dynasty. Huxian County belonged to Youfufeng Commandery during the Western and Eastern Han and to Shiping Commandery during the Jin Dynasty, which was separated in the seventh year of Zhenjun. The Fengshui River originates here. Shanbei County features the Fengliang Plain and Kugu, and the Chan River also originates here, with Du Cheng located in Shanbei. Xinfeng County, which was established by Emperor Gaozu of Han, was part of Jingzhao Commandery during the Western Han, Eastern Han, and Jin Dynasties. This area includes Lishan, Xiting, and Shougushui. Bacheng County serves as the administrative center of Jingzhao Commandery; it was called Baling during the Western and Eastern Han, and its jurisdiction was changed during the Jin Dynasty. Here, you can find Zhidao Pavilion, Changmen Pavilion, Bashui, Hot Springs, and Anchang Pool. Yinpan County was part of Anding Commandery during the Western and Eastern Han and belonged to Jingzhao Commandery during the Jin Dynasty. It merged with Xinfeng County in the seventh year of Zhenjun and was once again separated in the eleventh year of Taihe. This area features Hongmen Pavilion, Linggu Water, and Xishui. Lantian County also belonged to Jingzhao Commandery during the Western Han, Eastern Han, and Jin Dynasties; it merged with Bacheng County in the seventh year of Zhenjun and was separated again in the eleventh year of Taihe. This area is home to Bailuyuan.
Fengyi County was formerly known as the Minister of Internal Affairs during the Qin Dynasty. In the second year of Han Gaozu's reign, it was renamed to He Shang County, and in the ninth year, it was changed back to Minister of Internal Affairs. During the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, it was renamed Left Minister of Internal Affairs, later changed to Left Fengyi, and then it was renamed again. It governs six counties: Gaolu County, which is the seat of Fengyi County, was known as Gaoling during the Western and Eastern Han periods and was part of Fengyi County; during the Jin Dynasty, it came under the jurisdiction of Jingzhao County, and its affiliation changed again during the reign of Emperor Ming of Wei. The Boshui River flows through this area. Pingyang County has its origins in the Qin Dynasty and was part of Fengyi County throughout the Western Han, Eastern Han, and Jin Dynasties. This area is home to Guangwu City, Nanluyuan, and Yanchi. Wannian County was founded by Han Gaozu and was part of Jingzhao County during the Western Han, Eastern Han, and Jin Dynasties, with its affiliation changing later. The Qiju River can be found in this area. Lianshao County was part of Fengyi County throughout the Western Han, Eastern Han, and Jin Dynasties. There are Jucheng and Xiafeng City here. Guangyang County was established in the first year of the Jingming era. Zhang County was established in the twenty-second year of Taihe.
Fufeng County was formerly known as the Minister of Internal Affairs during the Qin Dynasty. In the second year of Han Gaozu's reign, it was renamed to Zhongdi County, changed back to Minister of Internal Affairs in the ninth year, renamed Right Minister of Internal Affairs during Han Wu's reign, and renamed Chief Duke Commander during the Tai Chu period, later changed to Right Fufeng, and then it was renamed again. During the reign of Emperor Shizong Zhenjun, Shiping County was incorporated into Fufeng County. It governs five counties.
Haozhi was once the site of the county government. It was active during the Western Han but was abolished during the Eastern Han and Jin Dynasties, only to be restored later. There is a Wudu City there. Shiping was established during the Wei state and was part of Shiping County in the Jin Dynasty. This area features hot springs and Xinshi City. Meiyang Huai Li was part of Shiping County during the Western Han, Eastern Han, and Jin Dynasties. In the Zhou Dynasty, it was called Quanqiu, renamed Feiqiu during the Qin Dynasty, and then renamed again by Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han. The Banjiao Spring is located here. Zhangzhi was established during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, later abolished during the Eastern Han and Jin Dynasties, and then restored. In the seventh year of Zhenjun, it merged with Wugong County. All these locations fall under Xianyang County, which oversees a total of five counties.
Shi'an County was founded by Shi Le. Qin Xiaogong built a city called Xianyang Palace by the Wei River. Notable sites include Si Hao Temple, Anling City, Du Hu Pavilion, Dou's Spring, and Zhou Wenwang Temple. Chiyang serves as the county seat and was part of Zuo Fengyi during the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties, then Fufeng County during the Jin Dynasty, before returning here. It is home to the Zhengguo Canal. Lingwu was part of Beidi County during the Western Han Dynasty, was abolished during the Eastern Han Dynasty, restored during the Jin Dynasty, and was later divided among other counties in the seventh year of Zhenjun. Ningyi features Ganquan and Jiuyu Mountain. Jingyang was merged into Shi'an County in the seventh year of Zhenjun and separated again in the second year of Jingming. Beidi County was established by Emperor Wei Wendi in the southern part of Fengyi County and oversaw a total of seven counties. Fuping County was merged with Niyang and Yiju counties in the eighth year of Zhenjun. Fuping County has Beidi City and Emperor Hanwu Temple. Niyang was part of this area during the Western Han, Eastern Han, and Jin Dynasties. It was merged into Fuping County in the seventh year of Zhenjun and separated again in the first year of Jingming. It features Cicheng Mountain. Yiju was part of this area during the Western Han and Eastern Han Dynasties. It was abolished during the Jin Dynasty but was later restored, merged into Fuping County in the seventh year of Zhenjun, and separated again later. Yunyang was part of Zuo Fengyi during the Western Han and Eastern Han Dynasties. It was abolished during the Jin Dynasty and restored later. It is home to Puchi River and Yunyang Palace. Tongguan was founded in the seventh year of Zhenjun. It features Guanshan and Shipan Mountain. Tumen was founded in the first year of Jingming. It features Tumen Mountain. Yijun was founded in the seventh year of Zhenjun. It is home to Yijun Water.
Qizhou was established in the eleventh year of Taihe, with the prefectural government located in Yongcheng Town. Qizhou governs three commanderies and eight counties. Pingqin County was established in the second year of Taiyan and governs three counties. Yong County was part of the Right Fufeng Commandery during the Western Han, Eastern Han, and Jin dynasties, and later became part of Qizhou. Zhoucheng was established in the sixth year of Zhenjun. Hengshui was established as a separate county from Zhoucheng in the tenth year of Zhenjun. Wudu Commandery was established during the Taiyan era and governs three counties. Pingyang was established in the sixth year of Zhenjun and includes Xingu, Wuzhangyuan, and Meiwu. Nantian and Gaoche are also counties governed by Wudu Commandery. Wugong County was separated from Fufeng Commandery in the eleventh year of Taihe, governing two counties. Meiyang was previously part of the Fufeng Commandery during the Han and Jin dynasties. The county system was abolished in the seventh year of Zhenjun and was later reinstated. Meiyang is home to attractions such as Qishan, Taibai Mountain, Meiyuan Temple, Luogu, and Shaoting. Moxi was established as a county separated from Haozhi in the eleventh year of Taihe, with Liangshan and Wudu City located there. The capital of Qinzhou is situated in Shangfeng City. These three commanderies govern a total of twelve counties. Tianshui Commandery was established during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, later renamed Han Yang Commandery by Emperor Ming of Han, and then changed back to Tianshui Commandery during the Jin dynasty. It governs five counties: Shangfeng County was part of Longxi Commandery during the Han dynasty, later belonging to Han Yang Commandery and Tianshui Commandery separately during the Han and Jin dynasties. The name was changed to avoid the emperor's name, and Xishi is located there. Xianxin County was part of Han Yang Commandery during the Han and Jin dynasties, merged with Anyi County in the eighth year of Zhenjun and later separated. Pingquan County and Dangting County were both established in the eighth year of Zhenjun.
Luèyáng County was established by Emperor Wu of Jin as a division of Tianshui County, which governs five counties: Anrong County, which was previously known as Rongyi County during the Han Dynasty, belonging to Tianshui County, abolished by both the Han and Jin Dynasties, and later re-established, which includes Dongcheng; Mianzhu County, which was also part of Tianshui County during the Han Dynasty, abolished by both the Han and Jin Dynasties, and later re-established, which includes Yuting; Longcheng County, which was part of Tianshui County during the Han Dynasty and later became part of Hanyang County, abolished by the Jin Dynasty, and later re-established, which includes Longcheng and Luèyáng City; Qingshui County, which was part of Tianshui County during the Han Dynasty, was abolished during the Han Dynasty and re-established by the Jin Dynasty; Ayang County, which was part of Tianshui County during the Han Dynasty and later became part of Hanyang County, was abolished by the Jin Dynasty and re-established in the eleventh year of Taihe.
Hanyang County was established by Emperor Zhen as a division of Tianshui County in the seventh year, overseeing three counties: Huanggua County, established in the eighth year of Emperor Zhen, which includes Shichang City; Yanglian County, which includes Dengsong Mountain; and Jieliang County. Nanzhou, established by Emperor Zhen in the seventh year, included Qiuchi Town, which was renamed Quzhou in the twelfth year of Taihe, and was re-established during the Zhengshi period, with the capital in Luogu City. Nanzhou governs six counties and eighteen districts. Tianshui County, established by Emperor Zhen in the seventh year, governs three counties: Shuinan County (the county seat, established in the second year of Emperor Zhen), Pingquan County (established in the third year of Emperor Zhen), and Pingyuan County. Hanyang County, established in the fifth year of Emperor Zhen's reign, governs two counties: Guquan County and Lanxiang County (the county seat, established in the third year of Emperor Zhen, features Leiniu Mountain and Huangdi Cave). Wudu County, established by Emperor Wu of Han, governs four counties: Shimen County (the county seat, established in the ninth year of Emperor Zhen, which includes Qiangdao City), Baishui County (established in the ninth year of Emperor Zhen, later renamed), Dongping County (established in the ninth year of Emperor Zhen), and Kongti County. Wuji County governs three counties: Northern District, Southern Wubu (established as a county in the fourth year of Taihe, later renamed), and Chiwan (established as a county in the fourth year of Taihe, later renamed). Xiucheng County governs four counties as well.
Pingluo, Baishu, Xiabian, and Guangchang were all established during the Taihe period, with Guangchang being the county seat. Qiuchi County administers Jieling and Cangquan counties, which includes Niutoushan in Jieling County. Nanqi Prefecture administers three counties: Gudao, Guanghua, and Guangye. Dongyi Prefecture's capital is Wuxing, overseeing seven counties and sixteen counties. Wuxing County administers the counties of Jingchang, Wuxing, Shimen, and Wuan, with Wuxing as the prefectural capital. Qiuchi County administers Xixiang and Xishimen counties, Pantou County administers Wushi and Changju counties, Guangchang County administers Changguang and Xinba counties, Guangye County administers Guangye and Guanghua counties, Zitong County administers Huayang and Xingsong counties, and Luju County administers Wudu and Mingshui counties.
Yizhou was established during the Zhengshi period, governing five counties and ten counties. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Shou County was established by Sima Dezong, which was later adopted by the Wei Kingdom, administering Huang, Shiting, Jin'an, and Jinshou counties. Jinshou County was established by Jin Huidi, originally belonging to Zitong County before being transferred. During the Western Jin Dynasty, Shou County only administered Yinpinqi County. Xinba County was also established by Sima Dezong, adopted by the Wei Kingdom, administering only Xinba County. Nanbaishui County administers Shiping and Jingzhao counties, and Songxi County administers Xingle and Yuanshou counties. Details about the counties in Bazhou and Liangzhou are lacking. Liangzhou was established by Xiao Yan during the Liang Dynasty, having originally been Qinzhou, and later restructured during the Zhengshi period, overseeing five counties and fourteen counties.
Jinchang County oversees the three counties of Longting, Xingshi, and Nancheng, with Longting County, which includes Anguo City, Zhenshi Mountain, and Dui River. Baozhong County oversees the counties of Baozhong, Wuxiang, and Lianshui; Baozhong County belonged to Hanzhong County during the Han and Jin dynasties, was later abolished, and was restored in the fourth year of Yongping. Ankang County was established by Liu Zhun and maintained by the Wei state, overseeing the two counties of Ankang and Ningdu; Ankang County was called Anyang during the Han dynasty and belonged to Hanzhong County, was abolished in the late Han dynasty, and was restored during the Wei dynasty, with the name being changed by the emperor. Hanzhong County was established during the Qin dynasty, overseeing the three counties of Nanzheng, Hanyin, and Chenggu, with Hanyin County containing a city called Hu City. Huayang County administers three counties, but the specific names of these counties are not fully documented.
Wow, these place names just keep piling up; it's a lot to take in! Let's start with Huayang County; this area has Huangniushan, Lianshui, and Xiaohe City, which all sound quite historic. Now, looking at Mianyang County, it belonged to Hanzhong County during the Han and Jin dynasties before becoming independent. This area also has Baima City, Huangsha City, and a temple dedicated to Zhuge Liang—wow, fans of the Three Kingdoms must want to check that out. Zhangzhong County is best known for Zhangzhong Mountain, which is the source of the Han River.
There is no recorded information about the county situation in Nanliangzhou, so it's unclear whether the data is missing or not. In Dongliangzhou, there are three districts and four counties in total, with 1,222 households. Jincheng County has just one county with 286 households. Zhicheng and Ankang County each have one county, with 618 households. Weiming County has two counties, with 318 households, namely Hanyang and Ningdu. The administrative center of Jingzhou is Linjing City, overseeing six districts and seventeen counties—quite a significant operation!
Anding Commandery was founded during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In the eleventh year of the Taihe era, Shitang Commandery was abolished, and the counties under its jurisdiction were merged into Anding Commandery. Anding Commandery itself existed during the Han Dynasty and was abolished and subsequently restored during the Han and Jin Dynasties. There is also a Copper Town in this area. The counties of Linjing, Chao Na, and Wushi were also present during the Han and Jin Dynasties. Wushi County encompasses locations such as Qishan, Jingxiang City, Yangyi City, and Fuyi City. Shitang County is home to Zidu Mountain.
Longdong Commandery governs three counties: Jingyang, Zuju, and Fuyi. Jingyang County was part of Anding Commandery during the Han Dynasty before becoming part of Anding Commandery again after being abolished. This area is also home to Bolo Mountain, and the Jing River originates here, along with Baicheng, Fangshiyuan, and Longshan. Zuju County and Fuyi County also experienced abolitions and restorations, and their histories are quite intricate. Xiping Commandery was established during the Jian'an era of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty and oversees four counties: Baitu, Yuande, Sanshui, and Gaoping. These counties also underwent complex changes in their administrative affiliations, and Baitu County has a Qiting Ridge.
Zhaoping Commandery comprises just two counties: Chuanqiao and Dongpan. Chuanqiao County was part of Beidi Commandery during the Han Dynasty before becoming part of Anding Commandery. There are also Guyu Plain and Tingtaishan (text missing). Pingliang Commandery also has only two counties: Chunyin and Yinmi. Chunyin County is the administrative center of Pingliang Commandery, and these counties have experienced multiple changes in their subordinate relationships. Chunyin County also includes Fanting, Jingyang, and Pingliang City. Finally, there is Pingyuan Commandery, which has only one county. Ah, the administrative divisions in ancient times were truly complex!
Yinpan belonged to Anding Commandery during the Han Dynasty and to Jingzhao Commandery during the Jin Dynasty, and later changed to other commanderies. Yinpan Commandery governs Ancheng and Anwu City.
Hezhou governs Fuqian (two characters missing here). It was established for military defense in the sixth year of the Zhenjun era and later underwent reorganization, with its administrative center located in Fuhan. Hezhou oversees four commanderies and fourteen counties.
Jincheng County was established during the reign of Emperor Zhao of the Han dynasty. In the thirteenth year of the Jianwu period of the Eastern Han dynasty, it was merged into Longxi County but was re-established during the reign of Emperor Xianming. Jincheng County governed two counties: Yuzhong (which was part of Jincheng County during both the Han and Jin dynasties) and Daxia (which was part of Longxi County during the Han dynasty and later became part of Jin Xing County during the Jin dynasty. It was designated as a county in the third year of the Huangxing era and was later re-established as a county. Daxia County governed Baishui City and Jinliu City).
Wushi County was established as a separate entity from Longxi County during the Jin dynasty. Wushi County governed three counties: Yongtian (established as a county in the eighth year of the Zhenjun era, later reformed), Didao (which belonged to Longxi County during both the Han and Jin dynasties), and Yangsu.
Honghe County governed three counties: Shuichi (established as a county in the fourth year of the Zhenjun era, later reformed), Lanchuan (established as a county in the eighth year of the Zhenjun era, later reformed), and Xunzhou (established in the fourth year of the Yanxing era).
Lintao County was a county under Longxi County during both the Han and Jin dynasties. It was changed to a county in the sixth year of the Zhenjun era. Lintao County governed three counties: Longcheng (established in the tenth year of the Taihe era), Shimen (established in the ninth year of the Taihe era), and Chishui.
Weizhou administered three prefectures and six counties.
Longxi County was established during the Qin dynasty. Longxi County governed two counties: Xiangwu and Shouyang.
Nanan Yang County governed two counties: Huandao and Zhongtao.
Guangning County governed two counties: Zhang and Xinxing (in the eighth year of the Zhenjun era, the counties of Zhongtao, Lubu, and Xiangwu were abolished and incorporated into Guangning County).
Yuanzhou was established as a military garrison in the second year of Taiyan and was changed to a state in the fifth year of Zhengguang, simultaneously establishing counties and prefectures, with its administrative center in Gaoping City. Yuanzhou governed two prefectures and four counties.
Gaoping County governed two counties: Gaoping and Litong.
Changcheng County governed two counties: Huangshi and Baichi.
Liangzhou was established during the Han dynasty, with its administrative center in Long County. During the Shenzhong period, it was made a town, and during the Taihe era, the state system was restored. Liangzhou governed ten prefectures and twenty counties, with a total population of two thousand two hundred seventy-three households.
Wuan County governed one county: Yisheng, which had a population of three hundred seventy-three households.
Linduo County governed two counties: Anping and Heping, which had a population of three hundred eighty-nine households.
Jianchang County governed three counties: Yuzhong, Zhicheng, and Mengshui, which had a population of six hundred fifty-seven households.
Fanhe County governs two counties: Zhang and Yanzhi, with a population of 139 households. Quancheng County governs one county: Xinyang, with a population of 72 households. Wuxing County oversees three counties: Yanran, Yicheng, and Xiutu, with a population of 385 households. Wuwei County was founded during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han. Wuwei County governs two counties: Linzhong and Xiangcheng (which encompasses Xiutu City and Wushi Marsh), with a population of 340 households. Changsong County governs three counties: Wenquan, Yici, and Mokou, with a population of 397 households. Dongjing County has just one county, with a population of 191 households. Taicheng is part of Liangning County, which includes two counties, with a population of 331 households. Information about the two places, Yuanchi and Gongze, is missing. The information for Shanzhou and Guazhou counties is also not recorded. Huazhou was carved out of Qinzhou in the eleventh year of Taihe, including Huashan, Chengcheng, and Baishui. It governs three prefectures and thirteen counties. Huashan County oversees five counties: Huayin County (formerly part of Jingzhaoyin during the Han Dynasty, later part of Hengnong County during the Later Han and Jin Dynasties, and then reallocated here. Notable locations include Huashan, Jixian Pavilion, Julingyuan, Tongguan, Beixiang City, and Chongquan City); Zheng County (during the Eastern Han and Jin Dynasties it was part of Jingzhaoyin, later reallocated here. Notable locations include Guangxiangyuan, Zheng City, and Chicheng); Xiayang County, which was part of Fengyi County during the Eastern Han and Jin Dynasties, was later reallocated here. It was called Shaoliang in ancient times, renamed by King Huiwen of Qin. Notable locations include Liangshan, Longmenshan, and Heishui City; Fuxi County, separated from Xiayang County in the eleventh year of Taihe, includes Wuping City and Gaoping City; Heyang County, which was part of Fengyi County during the Eastern Han and Jin Dynasties, was later abolished and restored in the twentieth year of Taihe.
Chengcheng Prefecture was founded in the seventh year of the Zhenjun era, which governs five counties: Chengcheng County (established in the seventh year of Zhenjun, with Xingcheng); Wuquan County (established in the seventh year of Zhenjun, which includes Wuquan Water, Shuishui, and Shigu City); Sanmen County (established in the seventh year of Zhenjun, with Yangyuan City and Yacheng); Gongcheng County (established in the seventh year of Zhenjun); and Nanwuquan County (established in the eleventh year of Taihe). Baishui Prefecture was separated from Chengcheng Prefecture in the second year of Taihe, overseeing three counties: Yaogu County (established in the second year of Taihe, with Huangyashan); Baishui County (established in the second year of Taihe, with Wulongshan and Suyi City); and Nambaishui County (separated from Baishui County in the eleventh year of Taihe; specific details are not provided). Beihua Prefecture was established in the fifteenth year of Taihe and was originally named Dongqinzhou before being renamed. Its capital was set in Xingcheng, overseeing two prefectures and seven counties.
The total population of Beihua Prefecture is 14,596 households. The Central Prefecture has four counties, totaling 8,924 households. The Central Prefecture (established by Yaoxing, used by the Wei Dynasty) includes the following counties: Shibao County (with Huinü Mountain); Didao County (with Ditu City and Qianshishan); and Changcheng County (with Wujiaocheng). Fucheng Prefecture comprises three counties, with a total of 5,672 households: Fucheng County (with Nüyin Mountain); Luochuan County (established during the Zhenjun period); and Dingyang County. Bin Prefecture was renamed Hua Prefecture in the second year of Huangxing and then changed to San Prefecture in the second year of Yanxing, changed to Banzhou in the eleventh year of Taihe, changed to Binzhou in the fourteenth year, and reverted to Bin Prefecture in the twentieth year. It oversees three prefectures and ten counties. The Northwestern Territory Prefecture was established by King Zhao of Qin, overseeing three counties.
Pengyang County, which previously belonged to Anding Prefecture during the Han and Eastern Han dynasties, was abolished during the Jin Dynasty and later restored. Fuping County, which was previously part of Beidi Prefecture during the Han, Eastern Han, and Jin dynasties, later became part of another prefecture. Fuping County is also home to Shenquan, Lingzhou City, and Zhanglieshan. Anwu County, belonging to Anding Prefecture during the Former Han Dynasty, was abolished during the Eastern Han and Jin dynasties and later restored.
Zhaoxing Jun was established in the second year of Zhenjun, with jurisdiction over five counties: Yangzhou Jun (阳周县, previously belonged to Shangjun in the Western Han Dynasty, abolished in the Eastern Han and Jin Dynasties, later restored, which includes notable sites such as Qiaoshan, the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum, Niyang City, Gaoping City, and Qiushui), Dule Jun (独乐县, previously belonged to Shangjun in the Western Han Dynasty, abolished in the Eastern Han and Jin Dynasties, later restored), Anding Jun (安定县, established in the second year of Zhenjun), Zhao'an Jun (赵安县, established in the second year of Zhenjun), and Gaowang Jun (高望县, established in the second year of Zhenjun, with Gaowang Mountain).
Xiangle Jun was established in the eleventh year of Taihe, with jurisdiction over two counties: Xiangle Jun (襄乐县, previously belonged to Shangjun in the Western Han Dynasty, abolished in the Eastern Han and Jin Dynasties, later restored) and Fushi Jun (肤施县, belonged to Shangjun in the Han Dynasty, abolished in the Jin Dynasty, later restored, with Wulong Mountain and the Yellow Emperor's Temple).
Xiazhou served as the capital during Helian Quzi's rule. After being pacified in the fourth year of Shiguang, it was renamed Tongwan Town. In the eleventh year of Taihe, it was renamed Xiazhou, with the capital in Daxia. Xiazhou governs four commanderies and nine counties.
Huazheng Jun was established in the twelfth year of Taihe, with jurisdiction over two counties: Gerong Jun (革融县) and Yanlu Jun (岩绿县). Chanxi Jun was also established in the twelfth year of Taihe, with jurisdiction over two counties: Shanlu Jun (山鹿县) and Xinjiong Jun (新冏县). Jinming Jun was established in the twelfth year of Zhenjun, with jurisdiction over three counties: Yongfeng Jun (永丰县, established in the thirteenth year of Zhenjun), Qining Jun (启宁县), and Guangluo Jun (广洛县, established in the tenth year of Zhenjun). Daiming Jun was established in the second year of Taian, with jurisdiction over two counties: Huqiu Jun (呼酋县, established in the second year of Taian, with Hengshui) and Qusou Jun (渠搜县, established in the second year of Taihe).
Dong Xiazhou Jun was established in the second year of Yanchang, governing four commanderies and nine counties. Piancheng Jun was established in the first year of Taihe, with jurisdiction over two counties: Guangwu Jun (广武县, previously part of Taiyuan Jun during the Western Han Dynasty, belonged to Yanmen Jun in the Eastern Han and Jin Dynasties, later changed to other counties, with Sancheng and Piancheng) and Woye Jun (沃野县, belonged to Shuofang Jun in the Han Dynasty, abolished in the Jin Dynasty, later restored). Shuofang Jun was established by Emperor Wu of Han, with jurisdiction over three commanderies: Weiping Jun (魏平县), Zhenghe Jun (政和县), and Shuofang Jun (朔方县, belonged to Shuofang Jun in the Han Dynasty, abolished in the Jin Dynasty, later restored, with Guitanze).
Dingyang County was originally a county during the Han Dynasty, part of Shangjun, and was upgraded to a prefecture during the Taian era. It governed two counties: Linrong County (which was part of Shuofang County during the Han Dynasty, abolished in the Jin Dynasty, and later restored) and Linzhen County (which includes Danyang Mountain and Baiquan). Shangjun was established during the Qin Dynasty and governed the three counties: Shicheng County and Yincheng County.
Taizhou was originally known as Yongzhou, but was renamed in the first year of the Shen Yuan era, renamed again in the first year of the Yanhe era, abolished during the Taihe period, restored during the Tianping period, and later lost. It governed three counties and seven districts.
Hedong Prefecture existed during the Qin Dynasty, with its capital in Puban. It governed five counties: Puban (which belonged to Hedong Prefecture during the Han and Jin Dynasties, with Huayang City and Leishou Mountain), Anding (established in the first year of Taihe), Nanjie (formerly Jie County during the Han and Jin Dynasties, also part of Hedong Prefecture, later renamed, and home to Sangquan City), Beijie (established in the eleventh year of Taihe, with Zhangyang City), and Yishi (which belonged to Hedong Prefecture during the Han and Jin Dynasties, later transferred back, with Jieshan Pond).
Beixiang Prefecture governed two counties: Beiyishi (established in the eleventh year of Taihe, with Jie City) and Fenyin (which belonged to Hedong Prefecture during the Han and Jin Dynasties, later transferred to Beixiang Prefecture, with Beixiang City and Houtu Shrine).
Shanzhou, established in the eleventh year of Taihe, was centered in Shancheng. It was abolished eight years later, restored in the early Tianping years, and subsequently lost. It governed five counties and eleven counties.
Hengnong County was established during the Western Han period. It was renamed 'Heng' County to avoid the emperor's name taboo. It governed three counties: Shanzhong, Beishan (known as Shan County during the Han and Jin periods, which included Quwo City and Dengzhi Temple), and Xiao (established in the 11th year of Taihe, home to Sanxiao Mountain and Baiyang Valley). Xihengnong County governed one county: Hengnong (which belonged to Hengnong County during the Han and Jin periods and later was assigned to Xihengnong County, known for its peach orchards). Mianchi County oversaw two counties: Jili and Beimianchi (established in the 11th year of Taihe, with notable sites like Matoushan, Jilicheng, and Shenger Mountain). Shicheng County managed one county: Tongdi (established in the second year of Zhengzhi, later renamed). Hebei County oversaw four counties: Bei'anyi (known as Anyi during the Han and Jin periods, part of Hedong County, later promoted to a county in the 11th year of Taihe and reassigned back to Hedong in the 18th year), Nan'anyi (established in the 11th year of Taihe, notable for Zhongtiaoshan), Hebei (originally part of Hedong County, later assigned to Hebei County, featuring Ruicheng, Licheng, Guishui, Shouyang Mountain, and the tombs of Boyi and Shuqi), and Taiyang (also originally part of Hedong County, later assigned to Hebei County, with sites like Yucheng and Xiayangcheng). Luozhou was established in the fifth year of Taiyan, originally known as Jingzhou, and was renamed Luozhou in the eleventh year of Taihe. It governed five prefectures and seven counties. Shangluo County managed two counties: Shangluo (which belonged to Hengnong County during the Western Han, to Jingzhao Yin during the Eastern Han, and later became part of Shangluo County) and Juyang. Shangyong County was established in the fourth year of Huangxing, initially named Dongshangluo County, renamed in the fourth year of Yongping, and managed two counties.
First is "Shang (belonged to Hengnong in the Former Han Dynasty, Jingzhao in the Later Han Dynasty, Shangluo in the Jin Dynasty, and later came under the jurisdiction of other counties. There is a capital city.)", which indicates that there is a place called Shang, which belonged to different counties in different dynasties, and later came under the jurisdiction of other counties, and there is a capital city here. This shows that Shang was quite important in ancient times. Next is "Fengyang (county seat. Established during the second year of the Taian era. There is enclosed land.)", which means that Fengyang is the county seat, established during the second year of the Taian era, and there is enclosed land here, likely a designated area. "Weixing County (established in the fifth year of Taiyan.)" is straightforward; Weixing County was also established in the fifth year of Taiyan. "The Lingxian Yiyang Pavilion (established in the fifth year of Taihe.)" This sentence indicates that Weixing County has a subordinate district called Yiyang Pavilion, which was also established in the fifth year of Taihe. The following "Shiping County (established in the first year of Jingming.) Lingxian Yishangluo" and "Changhe County (established in the first year of Jingming.) Lingxian Yinan Shang" have similar meanings, both indicating that Shiping County and Changhe County were established in the first year of Jingming, each governing a county, namely Shangluo County and Nanshang County. "Jingzhou (Han Shou in the Later Han Dynasty, Jiangling in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Shangluo in the middle of Taiyan, Rangcheng in the middle of Taihe.)" This is an important point, as it introduces the changes in the administrative center of Jingzhou. In different dynasties, the administrative center of Jingzhou was located in Hanshou, Jiangling, Shangluo, and Rangcheng. This illustrates how the influence and political center of Jingzhou evolved over time.
"The phrase 'Eight commanderies and forty-one counties' states that Jingzhou administers eight commanderies and forty-one counties. It then begins to list these commanderies and counties in detail, such as 'Nanyang Commandery (established in the Qin dynasty) includes ten counties: Wan (during the Eastern Han and Jin dynasties, notable for the Qing Shui and Mei Xi rivers); Xincheng (established in the 22nd year of the Taihe era, with Fufu Mountain and Chishi Mountain); Guanchuan (established by Emperor Wu of Han, during the Eastern Han and Jin dynasties, with Tuan Shui and Yangjiao); Wuyin (during the Eastern Han and Jin dynasties, with Heng Mountain); Li (during the Eastern Han and Jin dynasties, with Dagu Valley and Xuangu Mountain); Yunyang (during the Eastern Han, known as Yuyang, modified by Sima Changming in the Wei dynasty); Xiping (with Jing Mountain and Zhe Mountain); and Nieyang (during the Eastern Han and Jin dynasties, with Nie).' This section details the ten counties governed by Nanyang Commandery, mentioning some geographical features or historical events of each county, such as Qing Shui and Mei Xi rivers in Wan County, and Zhang Heng's stele in Xie County.
'Shunyang Commandery (founded by splitting Nanyang during the Wei dynasty, initially named Nanxiang, later renamed by Sima Yi, and the Wei dynasty followed suit) governs five counties: Nanxiang (belonging to Nanyang during the Later Han and to Nanxiang during the Jin dynasty); Danshui (belonging to Hengnong during the Former Han, to Nanyang during the Later Han, and to Nanxiang during the Jin dynasty); Lintao (with Taoshan); Huaili; and Shunyang (belonging to Nanyang during the Eastern Han and to Nanxiang during the Jin dynasty, established by Emperor Ai of Han, also known as Boshang, later renamed by Emperor Ming of the Later Han).' This section describes the establishment of Shunyang Commandery and the situation of its governed counties, as well as their administrative affiliations in different dynasties.
'Xinye Commandery (founded during Emperor Hui of Jin's reign) governs three counties: Rang (belonging to Nanyang during the Eastern Han, to Yiyang during the Jin dynasty, and later); Xinye (belonging to Nanyang during the Eastern Han, to Yiyang during the Jin dynasty, and later); and Chiyang.' Xinye Commandery was founded during Emperor Hui of Jin's reign and governs three counties.
'Donghengnong Commandery (founded in the Taihe era) governs six counties: Xicheng (belonging to Hanzhong during the Eastern Han, to Weixing during the Jin dynasty, and later); Beili (with Changshan); Nanxiang; Zuo Nanxiang (with Fanting Mountain); Shangyi; and Dongshi.' Donghengnong Commandery was founded in the Taihe era and governs six counties."
Finally, there is "Jigyang under the jurisdiction of Hanguang Jun (during the Eastern Han it belonged to Nanyang, during Jin it belonged to Yiyang; both Eastern Han and Jin referred to it as Jigyang, later it was reclassified, and Hanguang City was included)." and "Xiangcheng County, which oversees nine subordinate counties," which respectively introduce Hanguang Jun and Xiangcheng Jun along with their subordinate counties. In summary, this passage records the complex changes in administrative regions in ancient Jingzhou.
Wow, this is densely packed with place names! This must be the administrative divisions of some ancient place, right? Let's go through it sentence by sentence.
First is Beiqing Jun, which governs two counties: Wuchuan County and Beizhi County. Wuchuan County includes Taicheng, Luming Mountain, and Nong Mountain; Beizhi County has a city named Xiecheng, which has a pretty imposing name. During the Eastern Han and Jin periods, Beizhi County was still called Zhixian County and was renamed later.
Next is Hengnong Jun, which governs four counties: Guoxian, Hengnong County, Nanli County, and Handan County. These names all sound quite familiar; I feel like I've seen them in history books.
Then there is Xiangzhou, established during the Xiaochang era, which governs six prefectures and a total of twenty counties. Under Xiangzhou, the first is Xiangcheng Jun, established by Xiao Daocheng, which continued to exist during the Wei Dynasty, and it includes Taizhayang City. Xiangcheng Jun governs six counties: Fangcheng, Jiacheng, Fucheng, Wuyin, Yiyang, and Zhecheng. Fangcheng also has Zhayang City and Qishishan; Jiacheng has Benshi Mountain; Fucheng has Guangyang Mountain; Wuyin has Tangshan; Yiyang has Zhaoqian; and Zhecheng has Lingzhong Mountain.
Looking further, Wuyin Jun was also established during the Xiaochang era, governing Wuyin County and Anyang County. Nanan Jun was first established as Yingzhou in the thirteenth year of Taihe, renamed Nanzhongfu in the eighteenth year, and was later abolished in the early Tianping years, leaving only the commandery, which was eventually dissolved. It governs four counties: Annan, Nanwu, Ye, and Nanding.
Qicheng County was established during the Xiaochang era and administers four counties: Xiwuyang, Dongwuyang, Nanyang, and Xin'an. Beinan Prefecture was also established during the Xiaochang era; initially named Xuanyi County, it was later renamed and serves as the state capital. It governs Beiping County and Baishui County. Jiancheng County was established in the eighteenth year of Taihe, abolished at the end of Jingming, and was restored in the second year of Yongxi, leaving only a garrison in the interim. It governs Zheyang County and Beifang City.
Nanxiang Prefecture governs three prefectures and five counties. Xihua Prefecture administers Zhongli County and Xiangcheng County; Xiangcheng Prefecture administers Chenyang County and Shangma County; Beinan County governs Nanyang County. Nanguangzhou governs five prefectures and seven counties. Xiangcheng Prefecture administers Xiangcheng County; Luyang Prefecture governs Guanjun County and Fanchang County; Gaochang Prefecture governs Gaoyang County; Nanyang County governs Nanyang County; Xiangcheng Prefecture administers Fucheng County and Nanyang County. Yingzhou governs three prefectures and eight counties. Anyang Prefecture governs Zhenyang, Anyang, Qingyin, and Huaiyin counties; Chengyang Prefecture administers Pingchun, Yiyang, and Yixing counties; Runan County governs Shangcai County.
Nanyingzhou administers twelve prefectures and twenty-nine counties. Beisui'an County governs Xin'an County; Fengyi County governs Shanyang, Pengcheng, Cheng, and Jian'an counties; Jiangxia County governs Quyang and Yingyang counties; □zi County governs Nanxinyang, Xinxin, Beixin, and Xinxing counties; Xiangshan County governs Beixin'an and Yunyang counties; Yong'an County governs Yong'an and Nanxinxing counties; Xinping County governs □ City and An City; there is also another Yong'an County that administers two counties, but their names are not specified.
Wow, this is truly a compendium of ancient place names! How much time would it take to memorize all these place names? The amount of information is overwhelming! Liu Gang went to Shangcheng to handle some business.
First, he arrived at Tangruo County, which governs three counties: the one on the west is called Xinhua County, the one on the east is called Pingyang County, and there is also a county called Ancheng.
Next, he went to Yimin County, which also governs three counties: on the west is Xin'an County, and there is Xin'an County (this appears to be a duplication, as noted in the original text), and Pingyang County. That name sounds familiar; could it be the same as the Pingyang County in Tangruo?
Then, he arrived at Nansuian Prefecture, which consists of only one county, Anxing County. Next, he arrived at a prefecture whose name is missing, but I know it oversees three counties: Xincheng County to the east and another Xincheng County to the west (possibly a repetition, as the original text states), and another called Chang'an County. After that, he arrived at Xizhou, which was quite extensive, overseeing five prefectures and a total of eleven counties! He then went to Xiuyang Prefecture, which only has two counties, Gaixiang County and Xiuyang County. He also went to Gu Prefecture, which oversees three counties: Huaili County, Nanxiang County, and Gu County. After that, he arrived at Zhuyang Prefecture, which oversees two counties, Huangshui County and Zhuyang County. Finally, he arrived at Nanshangluo Prefecture, which only has two counties, Danshui County and Nanshangluo County. Lastly, he arrived at Xiyang Prefecture, which has two counties, one named Xixiyang County and the other Dongxiyang County. This journey certainly covered a lot of ground!
