Liu Huaisu, a native of Pengcheng, was a maternal cousin of Gaozu. Though he came from a poor background, he worked diligently and loved to study. He initially served as a Sima in Ningshuo Prefecture under Liu Jingxuan, participating in the Eastern Expedition against Sun En, where he distinguished himself in battle. He later served as a Sima in Longxiang and Feiling. Upon hearing of Gaozu's uprising, he abandoned his official position in the county and went to join Gaozu.
After the war in the capital was settled, General Zhenwu Dao Gui pursued Huan Xuan and appointed Liu Huaisu as his Sima. Huan Xuan stationed He Danzhi, Guo Quan, and others at Sangluo Island, but Dao Gui led his army to attack and defeat them. Yingchuan Prefect Liu Tong surrendered and was appointed as Gaoping Prefect. After Huan Xuan's death, his son Huan Zhen faced a crushing defeat against the rebel forces in Yanglin, forcing the rebels to retreat to Xunyang. Liu Huaisu and Zhang Changzhi of Jiangxia attacked He Danzhi of Xisai together, eventually breaking through Xisai.
At that time, the pretender General Feng Gai was stationed on the east bank of Xiakou, Meng Shan defended Lushan City, and Huan Xianke guarded Yan Yue Lei, with the three sides facing each other. Liu Huaisu and Dao Gui attacked them together, as Liu Huaisu donned his armor and charged into battle, breaking through Lushan City and Yan Yue Lei. Feng Gai fled to Shicheng, while Huan Xianke was captured alive. In the first month of Yixi, Huan Zhen fled in defeat, and Dao Gui sent Liu Huaisu to pacify Shicheng, where he captured and executed Feng Gai and his son Feng Shanjing.
In the third month, Huan Zhen launched another attack on Jiangling, forcing Sima Xiuzhi, the Inspector of Jingzhou, to flee. Liu Huaisu set off from Yundu, traveling day and night, and arrived in Jiangling in just seven days. Huan Zhen led thirty thousand troops, with their banners blotting out the sun, personally charging into battle and brandishing a long spear. In the heat of battle, an arrow struck Liu Huaisu in the forehead, causing the soldiers to panic and think about retreating. But Liu Huaisu shot them an angry glare, bravely fought the enemy, and boosted morale. The soldiers then rushed forward one after another, ultimately bringing Huan Zhen down on the battlefield.
After the pacification of Jiangling, Sima Xiuzhi returned to Jiangling for a position. He held Liu Huaisu's hand and said, "If it weren't for your strength, I would have had nowhere to go!" Later, the pretend generals Fu Si and Ma Sun, along with the pretend generals Jin Fuqing and Le Zhi, gathered in Jiangxia. Liu Huaisu went to attack them and killed Le Zhi and others. Dao Gui promoted Liu Huaisu to supervise the nine counties of Jiangxia and appointed him as the acting commander of Xiakou. He was appointed as a Tongzhilang and also served as assistant general, as well as the governor of Huainan County and Liyang County. Two years later, he was appointed as Liu Yi's Marshal, retaining his military and county positions. For his achievements, he was granted the title of Marquis of Dongxing County, with a fief of one thousand households. That winter, Huan Shisui, Sima Guofan, and Chen Xi gathered forces in Hutou Mountain to rebel, but Huaisu led his infantry and cavalry to defeat them. Some barbarian tribes in the Jianghuai region and remnants of the Huan family stirred up trouble, so he volunteered to suppress them. However, he didn't get approval from his superiors for his actions, and Liu Yi requested to remove Huaisu from his position. Three years later, Huaisu died at the age of forty-one. He was posthumously elevated to the rank of Left General. Since he had no sons, his brother Huai Shen allowed his son, Wei Zu, to inherit the title, eventually rising to the position of Interior Minister of Jiangxia. After Wei Zu's passing, his son, Dao Cun, inherited the title. In the later years of Emperor Yuanjia of the Song Dynasty, Dao Cun served as an advisor to Wang Yigong, the Grand Commandant of Jiangxia. When Emperor Xiaowu of Song was suppressing rebels and the troops reached Xinting, Dao Cun fled, and the rebels killed his mother to make a statement. During the reign of Emperor Qianfei Jinghe of Song, he served as Yigong's Chamberlain. After Yigong's defeat, he was imprisoned and eventually died because of his association with Yigong.
Huai Su's other younger brother, Huai Jing, had a dull personality and lacked talent. When the Song Dynasty's founding emperor was born, his mother passed away. The family was struggling financially at the time, and they couldn't afford a wet nurse. There were discussions about whether to raise the child. Huai Jing's mother was the grandmother of the founding emperor, and before a decision was made, Huai Jing selflessly weaned himself to provide his milk for the infant emperor. In gratitude, the emperor extended special favor to Huai Jing, and he later rose to the position of Governor of Kuaiji, Minister, and Grand Master of the Palace.
I hold Liu Zhendao in high regard, who was the county magistrate of Qiantang at the time. In the thirteenth year of the Yuanjia era, there was a famine in the eastern region, and the Emperor sent official Shen Yan from the Zhongyang to inspect the situation. Shen Yan reported, "A county magistrate must govern simply, benevolently, and effectively; after taking office, one must work hard to govern, aiming to benefit the people and achieve political success. Like the ancient Wang Huan and Shu Qing, leaving their names in history. In my humble opinion, the county magistrates Liu Zhendao and Liu Daoxi of Qiantang and Yuhang counties, respectively, were both devoted to public welfare, empathetic toward the people, diligent, and tireless, praised by the people, and with very few legal disputes. They also cracked down on crime, capturing criminals multiple times. When the flooding began, the main embankment in Yuhang County collapsed, and the situation was very critical; Liu Daoxi led the people to personally repair the embankment with wooden planks and earth tools, ultimately saving the county from disaster."
After conducting inspections in various regions, Shen Yan confirmed that Liu Zhendao and Liu Daoxi were the best county magistrates in each county, governing the people well. The Emperor was pleased and rewarded each of them with one thousand bushels of grain, and promoted Liu Zhendao to Infantry Colonel. In the fourteenth year, he was appointed as the Inspector of Liangzhou and Southern Qin provinces.
In the eighteenth year, the bandit Yang Nandang of the Di tribe invaded Hanzhong. General Zhendao personally led his troops into battle and defeated them. However, Yang Nandang's gang of bandits continued their activities. Emperor Taizu sent General Pei Fangming of Longxiang to lead five thousand imperial troops to take orders from General Zhendao.
In the nineteenth year, Pei Fangming arrived at Wuxing with Prince Jinue General Liu Kangzu, Rear Army Staff Officer Liang Tan, Chen Mi, Pei Sushi, Anxi Staff Officer Duan Shuwen, Lu Shangqi, Liu Sengxiu, the Changshi of the Shixing Kingdom, Suiyuan General Ma Xi, Zhenwu General Wang Huan, and other generals, advancing all the way to Tanggu, just a few miles from Langao. Yang Nandang sent his General Fu Hongzu, Dan Yuan, and others to defend Langao, while General Zhenbei Fu Deyi operated as a guerrilla force outside. Yang Nandang's son, the General of the Fumajiang, followed behind with a large army. Pei Fangming led the attack, achieved a great victory at Zhuoshui, killed Fu Hongzu, and beheaded over three thousand enemies. He then sent Liu Kangzu to pursue, chasing for over two thousand miles. Yang Nandang dispatched Fu Deyi to provide reinforcements, but Liu Kangzu won another great victory, forcing Yang Nandang's son to retreat and fortify the city. Yang Nandang subsequently sent General Jianzhong Yang Lin and General Zhenwei Yao Xian to lead two thousand cavalry in support of his son, while Pei Fangming led the generals to attack. Yang Nandang's son was defeated and fled the scene, chased all the way to Chiting City. Realizing the situation was turning against him, Yang Nandang fled, betraying his forces. Pei Fangming sent Liu Kangzu straight to Baiqing, and the pretender prime minister Yang Wanshou and others surrendered one after another. Yang Nandang's third son, Hu, who had previously been stationed in Yinpingshi, also fled among the common people after his father's escape. He was caught and sent to the capital, where he was executed in Jiankang City.
During the time when Hu Congzhi, the Prefect of Qin, was stationed at Baqing in the west, he was ambushed near the Muddy Water River and died in battle. The court appointed Zhen Dao as the General of Establishing Might and Prefect of Yongzhou, and appointed Fang Ming as the General of Assisting the State and Prefect of Liangzhou and Qinzhou. However, Fang Ming declined the appointment.
The Emperor said: "In the past few years, the leader of the Di tribe, Yang Nandang, staged a rebellion, causing many to surrender to him. His Chief of Staff Yang Wanshou and General Yao Xian, however, remained loyal to the court and frequently expressed their loyalty through memorials. When Yang Nandang fled, chaos erupted everywhere, General Jianzhong Lu Xun defended the granary while awaiting the arrival of the imperial army. General Jiang Tan of Ning Shuo bravely charged into battle, serving the country with unwavering dedication, and achieved great success in the Battle of Muddy Water. Recently, they actively participated in suppressing the rebellion and remained loyal throughout. Fu Zhao from Luoyang also submitted to the court, and his performance was equally outstanding. Fu Zhao captured the rebel leaders, single-handedly captured Wuxing City, fought bravely, and ultimately died in battle. These individuals demonstrated remarkable courage in perilous times, which deeply moved me, and should be honored to provide comfort to both the living and the deceased. Therefore, Yang Wanshou is posthumously appointed as the General of Dragon Cavalry and Prefect of Wudu; Yao Xian is appointed as the Attendant Cavalry Commandant; Lu Xun is appointed as the Commandant of the Cavalry and granted an audience with the Emperor; Jiang Tan is appointed as the Grand General of the West and Prefect of Chouchi; they should all be relocated to the interior. The governors of Yongzhou and Liangzhou are instructed to properly appease them." Lu Xun is the son of the Di tribe's Lu Xian.
The Emperor continued: "The former Prefect of Jinshou, Jiang Daosheng, was dedicated and brave in his past campaigns against Chouchi, and he was known for his honesty and public spirit. Recently, in the Battle of Muddy Water, he fought valiantly and lost his life; his loyalty and integrity are truly commendable, and I am deeply saddened by his passing. Therefore, he is posthumously appointed as a Censor and awarded a sum of ten million coins." Jiang Daosheng once annotated the "Book of Documents" in ancient text, which has been preserved through generations.
Zhen Dao and Fang Ming together broke through Chou Pond, seized a large cache of gold, silver, treasures, and other valuables, and also hid many good horses belonging to Yang Nandang. They were subsequently imprisoned and executed. Liu Kangzu and others were also punished with varying severity. Fang Ming was from Hedong and had served as a military officer under Liu Daoji’s command, earning military achievements in Sichuan. He later served as the Prefect of Yingchuan and the Prefect of Nanping Chang, but was dismissed due to charges of corruption.
Meng Huaiyu was from Anqiu, Pingchang. His grandfather Meng Heng was the Prefect of Henan during the Jin Dynasty. His grandfather Meng Yuan was a high-ranking official. His father Meng Chuo, after the uprising, served as an official and was posthumously honored with the title of Grand Master of Glorious Happiness. His family had lived in Jingkou for generations.
When Liu Yu marched east to suppress Sun En, he promoted Liu Huaiyu to the rank of Sima in Jianwu. Liu Huaiyu fought in Yuzhang, participated in the pacification of the capital, and helped restore order in the city. For his military achievements, he was granted the title of Marquis of Poyang County with a fief of a thousand households. Later, Liu Yu stationed at Jingkou and appointed Liu Huaiyu as Garrison Officer and Prefect of Xiapi. In the third year of the Yixi era, Liu Huaiyu was dispatched to serve as General Ning Shuo, Prefect of Xiyang, and Intendant of Xincai. He was later promoted to Minister of the Central Secretariat, then to Assistant General of the State, commanding the Danyang Prefecture army and stationed at Shitou City.
Lu Xun attacked the capital city. Liu Huaiyu fought multiple times on the bank of Stone City and achieved great success. He was appointed as a military adviser of the central army. Lu Xun's general Xu Daofu tried several times to send elite troops to land, but they were all scared off by Liu Huaiyu and dared not to act rashly. When Lu Xun fled south, Liu Huaiyu led the army to pursue him all the way to Lingnan. Xu Daofu was stationed in Shixing, and Liu Huaiyu surrounded him, personally leading the charge and facing a rain of arrows and stones, besieging for more than a month before breaking through. He then continued to pursue Lu Xun; after Lu Xun was defeated, Liu Huaiyu was appointed as the Lord of Yangfeng County, with a fief consisting of 250 households. Later, he also served as a military adviser of the Grand Commandant and General Conquering the Caitiffs. In the eighth year of Yixi, Liu Huaiyu was promoted to the Governor of Jiangzhou, and shortly after, he also oversaw the military affairs of six counties, including Xiyang, Xincai, Runan, and Yingchuan in Yuzhou, Hengnong in Sizhou, and Songzi in Yangzhou, as well as serving as the General of the South Central Army, while retaining the position of Governor. At that time, the Governor of Jingzhou, Sima Xiuzhi, was suspected of harboring rebellious intentions in the upper regions, so the court appointed Liu Huaiyu to guard against him. In the eleventh year of Yixi, Liu Huaiyu was posthumously granted the title of General. When his father passed away, Liu Huaiyu was very filial, and due to excessive grief, he fell seriously ill and requested to resign, but the court did not approve. He then submitted a petition stating that his younger brother Liu Xianke was adopted by him, and he was in charge of the funeral arrangements, which was approved. Before he could leave his post, he passed away that year at the age of thirty-one. The court posthumously conferred upon him the title of General of Pingnan. His son Liu Yuan died early and left no children, so his title was revoked. The title of the Lord of Yangfeng County, previously bestowed upon Liu Huaiyu, was inherited by his son Liu Huixi, but was later revoked due to neglect of ancestral worship. Liu Huixi's son Liu Zong inherited the title and later served as the Prefect and Gentleman of Jingling.
Long Fu is Huaiyu's younger brother. He is brave and strong, and has always enjoyed making friends in the martial arts world, which made him very popular in the village. The Emperor recognized him early on, and after the capital was captured, he appointed Long Fu as a military advisor. He achieved great success in the battles of Jiangcheng, Luoluo, and Fuzhou. Later, he was appointed as the military commander of Zhenjun, granted the title of the fifth rank noble of Pingchang County, and further honored as the General of Ningyuan and the Prefect of Huailing. He, along with Liu Fan and Xiang Mi, defeated and executed Huan Xin and Huan Shikang. He was later appointed as the General of Jianwei and the Prefect of Donghai.
Once, the Xiongnu Hulan and Xiongnu Du invaded the border, causing significant turmoil in Pengcheng and Pei County. The Emperor sent Long Fu and General Daolian to the north to repel them, and they defeated the enemy in one battle. They chased Hulan to the banks of Guangshui Ditch, where Long Fu was wounded and had to flee.
During the battle of Guanggu, Meng Long Fu served as the Chariot and Cavalry General and was later promoted to the General of Longxiang and the Prefect of Guangchuan, leading his troops into battle. When they reached Linqu, they fought the enemy for control of the water source. Long Fu charged into the enemy's formation alone on horseback, quickly scattering the enemy and securing control of the water source, forcing the enemy to retreat. Long Fu pursued them, but his troops could not keep up, and he found himself surrounded by thousands of enemy cavalry. He fought bravely with his spear, killing several enemies in each round, but was eventually overwhelmed and made the ultimate sacrifice at the age of thirty-three.
Emperor Gaozu was extremely saddened and posthumously appointed him as the Governor of Qingzhou. He even specially wrote a memorial praising him: "General Dragon-Soaring, Prefect of Guangchuan, Meng Longfu, was loyal, brave, and resolute. He sacrificed his life for the country's cause and should be commended to honor his loyalty and integrity. I deeply mourn his loss and posthumously appointed him as the Inspector of Fangzhou. Since joining the army, Longfu has always been at the forefront, bravely killing enemies and achieving numerous military successes, always leading from the front. From defeating Huan Xin in the west to eliminating the Suolu in the north, the court intended to promote him, but it was not executed in time. In this northern expedition, he once again led the charge. In the Battle of Linqu, his valor and courage inspired the entire army. At that time, the enemy was numerous and covered the battlefield like a swarm of arrows. Longfu rode his horse like lightning into the enemy ranks, unstoppable and unafraid, even in the face of certain death. The enemy fled in all directions, seeking shelter in strategic positions, like birds gathering together, and the army pursued them relentlessly, breaking through their defenses easily. Looking back at his contributions, it's clear his merits are truly exceptional! I believe he should be awarded nobility and land to recognize his achievements." Therefore, Emperor Gaozu posthumously appointed him as the Baron of Linyuan County, with a fief of five hundred households. Unfortunately, Longfu had no sons, so his nephew, Meng Weisheng, inherited the title. During the reign of Emperor Taizu Yuanjia, Meng Weisheng committed a crime and was stripped of his title, exiled to Guangzhou. His nephew Meng Fohu inherited the title. After the Qi dynasty took power, this title was abolished.
During the early years of the Xiaowu reign of the Ming Dynasty, the court allowed all exiled individuals to return to their hometowns. Meng Weisheng had already passed away by then, and his son Meng Xizu returned to the capital. Meng Xizu was born with extraordinary strength, able to carry several people at once, and was recruited into the Imperial Guards, eventually rising to the rank of general in the palace. Two years later, the Suolu invaded Qingzhou and Jizhou, and the Emperor dispatched troops to provide assistance. Meng Xizu volunteered to join the battle. In the Battle of Duliang, he charged into enemy lines, killing countless foes before making the ultimate sacrifice. The court posthumously honored him with the title of magistrate of Yingchuan County.
Liu Jingxuan, whose courtesy name was Wanshou, was from Pengcheng and a descendant of the Han-Chu Yuan King. His grandfather Liu Jian served as the General Conquering the Barbarians, and his father Liu Laozhi was the General of the Northern Garrison. Liu Jingxuan lost his mother at the age of eight and cried every day, which even worried his relatives. Later, the General Support of the State, Huan Xu, was stationed in Wuhu, and Liu Laozhi worked with him. On the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, Liu Jingxuan saw everyone pouring water over the Buddha statue, so he took off his golden mirror from his head and offered water to his mother's portrait, weeping bitterly. Huan Xu, witnessing the scene, sighed and remarked to Liu Laozhi, "Your son is so filial; he is sure to become a loyal subject in the future."
Later, Liu Jingxuan initially served as a military officer under Wang Gong and then fought alongside Kuaiji's Crown Prince Yuan Xian.
In the third year of Long'an, Wang Gong raised troops in Jingkou, claiming he wanted to kill Sima Shang's brothers. At that time, Liu Laozhi was Wang Gong's former army Sima and also served as the Assistant General and Prefect of Jinling, leading troops in battle. However, Wang Gong, relying on his good family background, looked down on people, which left Liu Laozhi feeling quite uneasy. When Wang Gong mustered his forces, he appointed Liu Laozhi as the vanguard. The Grand Tutor, King Daozi of Kuaiji, wrote a letter to Liu Laozhi, providing a detailed analysis of the pros and cons, persuading him to turn against Wang Gong. Liu Laozhi called Liu Jingxuan and said, "Wang Gong has received favor from the late emperor before, and now he holds a high position and power. However, he has not shown loyalty, only knowing how to use military force. I can't tell if Wang Gong would support the emperor if he wins, or if he will assist the prime minister properly. I want to leverage the court's power to differentiate between loyalty and treachery. What do you think?" Liu Jingxuan said, "While the court isn't as prosperous as it was during the Chengkang era, it is not as chaotic as during the Huanling era. Wang Gong is blocking the army and trying to attack the capital. You and Wang Gong have no family relationship, nor are you in a superior-subordinate relationship. Although you’ve worked together for a bit, your relationship isn’t great. It is reasonable to punish him now!"
Upon arriving in Zhuli, Liu Laozhi killed Wang Gong's general, Yan Yan, and then sent Liu Jingxuan, along with Gao Yazhi and others, back to the capital to ambush Wang Gong. Wang Gong was showing off with his troops outside the city when Liu Jingxuan and his men charged in, leading to the immediate collapse of Wang Gong's army. Later on, Yuan Xian was promoted to Rear General, and Liu Jingxuan was appointed as a military advisor and also received the title of Ning Shuo General.
It is said that, three years after, Sun En rebelled, throwing the east into chaos. Lao Zhi took the initiative to lead the troops eastward to quell the rebellion. The army reached a place called Huzong. The rebel soldiers fought fiercely, but Jing Xuan suggested using cavalry to flank the enemy from the south. The rebel soldiers from Wu were already afraid of cavalry, and now they were even more terrified of being attacked from both sides. As a result, they faced a crushing defeat. Lao Zhi then subdued Kuaiji and was soon appointed Prefect of Linhuai, later being promoted to the position of a military officer.
Five years later, Sun En stirred up trouble again at Jia Kou. Gao Zu was stationed at Juzhang, and despite the repeated attacks from the rebels, they could not break through. Jing Xuan suggested sending reinforcements, and Sun En finally retreated to the sea. At that time, disturbances were occurring throughout the country, and the court was quite weak. Jing Xuan constantly worried about when this chaotic era would come to an end. Gao Zu successively defeated the rebel forces, increasing his merit, which strengthened his relationship with Jing Xuan. Their bond deepened. Later, Yuan Xian was promoted to General of the Valiant Cavalry, and Jing Xuan continued to follow him without any change in his rank or command. Yuan Xian was known for his extravagance and indulgence, and his subordinates followed suit. Jing Xuan never drank at banquets and never reacted to the teasing. Yuan Xian was not pleased with this. Later, Jing Xuan was promoted to Assistant General of the State, with no changes to his other ranks.
In the first year of Yuanxing, Lao led a campaign against Huan Xuan in the south, with Yuan Xian appointed as the Grand Commander of the expedition. Yuan Xian was in a perpetual state of drunkenness and daydreaming, and Lao visited him several times but was unable to see him. It was not until the emperor hosted a farewell banquet that Lao finally saw Yuan Xian. After Huan Xuan reached Lizhou, he sent people to persuade Lao. Lao believed the court was inept and that Yuan Xian was both arrogant and cruel. He was worried that after pacifying Huan Xuan, the chaos within the court would only just be starting. He intended to leverage Huan Xuan to remove the current officials and subsequently seize power. Therefore, he planned to agree to surrender to Huan Xuan. Jing Xuan urgently cautioned, "The nation is in turmoil, and the fate of everything hinges on you and Huan Xuan. Huan Xuan, relying on his father's power, occupies a favorable position in Jingzhou. While he may lack the virtues of Duke Wen of Jin, he still has the strength to control a third of the world. If we let him go unchecked and let him bully the court, once his power is established, he will be hard to handle. The chaos of Dong Zhuo may be about to repeat itself!" Lao angrily said, "Do you think I’m unaware that taking down Huan Xuan right now would be as easy as flipping my hand? But after pacifying Huan Xuan, what am I supposed to do with my General of Chariots and Cavalry?" Ultimately, Lao heeded Jing Xuan's advice, and Huan Xuan appointed Jing Xuan as his advisor and military officer.
After gaining power, Liu Laozhi murdered Yuan Xian, deposed Daozi from power, and self-promoted to General of the East and Governor of Kuaiji. Liu Laozhi conspired with Liu Jingxuan to attack Liu Yu, planning to strike the next day. However, on that day, there was heavy fog, the gates opened late, and the sun was already setting, and Liu Jingxuan still hadn't arrived. Fearing the plan had been compromised, Liu Laozhi marched his troops to Baizhou with the intention of escaping to Guangling. But Liu Jingxuan had returned to Jingkou to retrieve his family, and Liu Laozhi couldn't find him, assuming he had been captured by Liu Yu, leading him to take his own life. Liu Jingxuan returned to attend the funeral, then swiftly crossed the Yangtze River to seek refuge with Sima Xiuzhi, Gao Yazhi, and others, where they fled to Luoyang and then to Chang'an. They offered their sons as hostages and sought assistance from Yao Xing. Yao Xing provided them with tokens to recruit soldiers in the eastern territories, where they successfully recruited thousands of men before returning to the area near Pengcheng to gather their former comrades.
Liu Yu sent Sun Wuzhong to attack the Governor of Jizhou, Liu Gui. Liu Gui wanted to ally with Liu Jingxuan, Gao Yazhi, and others to defend against Sun Wuzhong in Shanyang, but their efforts were in vain. They then fought at Changpingjian and were defeated, scattering in all directions, eventually fleeing to the Xianbei leader Murong De. Liu Jingxuan, who understood astronomy, knew that one day someone would restore the Jin Dynasty. He dreamed of swallowing a medicinal pill and joyfully exclaimed upon waking, "Huan Xuan has been swallowed by me, and I will restore the glory of our Jin Dynasty!" He then united with the prominent families of Qingzhou, including the Cui and Feng clans, and even persuaded the Xianbei general Murong Kui to conspire to eliminate Murong De, install Sima Xiuzhi as emperor, and set a date for the uprising. At that time, Liu Gui served as Minister of Works under Murong De and was highly valued, while Gao Yazhi wanted to win over Liu Gui. Liu Jingxuan said, "This person is old and just wants to live a peaceful life. He definitely won't participate. We can't tell him." Gao Yazhi disagreed and told Liu Gui, who ultimately refused to join. Their plot was exposed, so they killed Liu Gui and fled. In the region around the Huai River and Sishui, they encountered Liu Yu, who had subdued Jingkou, and Liu Yu personally wrote a letter summoning Liu Jingxuan. Those around Liu Jingxuan suspected it might be a trap, but he was confident it was safe and immediately returned. Upon arriving in Jiankang (the capital), Liu Yu appointed Liu Jingxuan as Assistant General to the State, Prefect of Jinling, and posthumously granted him the title of Lord of Wugang County. This year was the third year of the Yuanxing period of Emperor An. Huan Xin led the Di tribe rebel Yang Qiu in an attack on Liyang, but Jingxuan and General Jianwei, Zhuge Changmin, decisively defeated them. Huan Xin fled alone across the Huai River, and Jingxuan later killed Yang Qiu in Lianggu before returning. The emperor promoted him to General Jianwei and Inspector of Jiangzhou.
Jing Xuan adamantly refused to accept his fate and said to the emperor: "My hatred has been avenged, and the world is now peaceful. My greatest wish is to return to the countryside and live out the rest of my days peacefully. The emperor has already shown me great favor, and I truly feel unworthy of such kindness. I already feel honored enough. Furthermore, Panlong and Wuji have not been given important positions yet; my two younger brothers still hold low positions. If I suddenly receive a promotion, it will surely cause a stir among the court and the people." The emperor did not agree.
After arriving in Jiangzhou, Jing Xuan worked tirelessly to gather military provisions, collect ships, and acquire various military supplies, always being well-prepared. Therefore, even though other troops sometimes suffered defeats and had to retreat, thanks to Jing Xuan's preparations, they were able to quickly recover and rejoin the fight. That year, Huan Xuan's nephew Huan Liang claimed to be the governor of Jiangzhou and attacked Yuzhang; Huan Liang also sent Fu Hong to attack Luling, but Jing Xuan defeated them both.
In the beginning, when Liu Yi was young, he served as a military officer under Jing Xuan. Some people regarded Liu Yi as impressive. However, Jing Xuan said: "Truly outstanding talents should have different arrangements. How can we easily say that this person is definitely outstanding? His character may seem generous, but he is jealous and arrogant inside, looking down on others. If he ever gets the chance, he's bound to cause trouble by taking advantage of the weak." Liu Yi was very angry when he heard this and held a grudge.
Later, when Liu Yi was in Jiangling, he heard that Jing Xuan was returning. He sent someone to tell the emperor: "Liu Jing Xuan and his son have not made any contributions to the country, and they have not made adequate preparations. Those soldiers and ministers who have sacrificed for the country should be rewarded. People like Jing Xuan should be placed behind them. If Your Majesty still remembers the past and wants to promote him, based on his qualifications and merits, the position of an Imperial Attendant is sufficient. I heard that Your Majesty has already appointed him as a county magistrate, which is already more than enough; and then I heard he was made the governor of Jiangzhou, which is simply unbelievable." Jing Xuan felt increasingly uneasy.
After Emperor An was restored to the throne, Jing Xuan submitted a memorial requesting to resign from his post. Therefore, he retired, and the court rewarded him with a house and provided him with thirty thousand coins each month. Emperor Gaozu often invited him to banquets, favored him greatly, and bestowed upon him wealth, vehicles, clothing, and various treasures unmatched by anyone. Soon after, he was appointed Champion General, Interior Minister of Xuancheng, and Prefect of Xiangcheng. Xuancheng had many mountainous counties, and many military farms were previously established to supply the prefecture's and county's expenses. Previously, people often conscripted craftsmen to manufacture goods. Upon taking office, Jing Xuan abolished all these private military farms, focusing solely on cutting bamboo and wood to construct the prefectural office. Many fugitives and rebels surrendered, allowing him to recover over three thousand households.
Emperor Gaozu was in power and wanted Liu Jing Xuan to achieve a great merit. In the third year of Yixi, he ordered Liu Jing Xuan to lead five thousand troops to campaign against Shu. Zhou Zhi, a court scholar, wrote a letter to persuade Emperor Gaozu, saying, "Since you rose in arms, you have achieved victory in every battle. This is indeed a matter of favorable timing, geographical advantage, and harmony among the people. Now that the world is peaceful, both the ruler and his subjects are happy, the harvests are plentiful, and the people live in peace and contentment, and there are fewer bandits. The country is peaceful and harmonious, and it is time to rest and consolidate the foundation. Although the Shu rebels should be subdued and the world should be unified, it is not necessary to do so now! The ancients said, 'Timing is not as good as geographical advantage, and geographical advantage is not as good as harmony among people.' Going to attack Shu now means traveling more than ten thousand miles, going against the current, crossing mountains and rivers, and it will take several years on the road. Even if the army quickly captures Chengdu, it will only be a momentary pleasure for the generals. However, the land of Yizhou is barren, with no grass growing, and there are probably not many people left in Chengdu. Even if we win, the benefits gained will not make up for the substantial costs of this campaign. Moreover, the weather is currently rainy and snowy, the journey is difficult, and it is impossible to estimate how many soldiers from Jiangnan will perish on the journey to Sichuan. This is the first concern."
The Shu rebels will definitely not defend the city to the death; they will fight fiercely. We have traveled a long way, exhausted, while they rest at home, conserving their strength. In case the army does not perform well in battle, morale falters, and the overall situation deteriorates, what will we do? This is the second concern. Furthermore, long-distance marches pose a big problem for food and supply; soldiers are hungry, not to mention the long journey without any supplies along the route. If the war is prolonged and supplies run short, even with generals like Han Xin and Bai Qi, how can we expect to achieve victory? This is the third concern. Now everyone says the Shu rebels can be defeated, the reason being 'they are internally divided.' I think this is not correct. The bravery of a single individual like Qiao Shi has developed to this point today; if his subordinates are really divided, how could this be possible? The army you sent was a hastily assembled group; they will definitely not unite and cooperate, and it would be surprising if they managed to win any battles! Governing a country requires prioritizing internal stability before addressing external threats. During this time, there has been continuous war and killing; how can we call this 'harmony'? The terrain in Shu is high and dangerous; how can we consider this 'advantageous'? Mao Xiuzhi's revenge has not been avenged; there's no need to regret his death. Liu Jingxuan has received your favor; he should repay you with loyalty. Now the general wants to achieve success quickly but ignores the country's long-term plan; I feel really uneasy. You should think carefully before acting; if you were truly determined, you wouldn’t have all these doubts." Gaozu did not listen to him.
It is said that Jing Xuan was appointed as the military inspector, in charge of military operations in Shu. After taking office, the situation in Shu remained unchanged. Upon entering the gorge, he sent General Zhenwu and Ba Dong Prefect Wen Zuo to create a diversion along the Yangtze River, while he himself led the governor of Yizhou, Bao Lou, Deputy Guo General Wen Chumao, and General Longxiang Shi Yanzu to attack from the Dianjiang direction. Jing Xuan personally led the charge and fought all the way to Huang Hu in Suining County, five hundred miles from Chengdu. However, the rebel forces under Qiao Daofu took up strategic positions, resulting in a stalemate that lasted over sixty days, with over a dozen skirmishes occurring, and the enemy held their ground. Jing Xuan had no choice but to retreat as their supplies dwindled, and an epidemic broke out among the troops, leading to numerous casualties. As they retreated, Qiao Zong discarded the bodies of Mao Qu's family and the coffins of Wen Chumao's mother and other scholars into the river. Jing Xuan recovered them and returned them to their families. This incident was reported to the court, and Jing Xuan was dismissed from his post, and one-third of his titles were stripped away.
Five years later, Emperor Gaozu set out to battle the Xianbei, and Jing Xuan was appointed as a military advisor for the central army and was also promoted to Champion General. Following Gaozu to Linqu, they encountered the army of Murong Chao for a decisive battle. Jing Xuan fought bravely with the Yanzhou Governor Liu Fan, securing a resounding victory. During the battle, General Long Xiang Meng Longfu was killed, and Jing Xuan took over his troops, continuing to besiege Guanggu and proposing several effective strategies. Later, Lu Xun led his troops close to the capital, and Jing Xuan led the Tiger Elite Cavalry of the Xianbei, setting up a formation which deterred Lu Xun from acting recklessly. After Lu Xun fled, Jing Xuan followed Gaozu to the south to suppress the rebels and was promoted to Left Guard General and appointed as a Cavalier Attendant.
Jing Xuan was known for his generosity and kindness and was also talented in archery, horseback riding, music, and dance. At that time, there was a man named Xie Hun, who was the Supervisor of the Secretariat, an arrogant man who seldom engaged with others. However, when he met Jing Xuan, he became remarkably friendly. When asked why he was so friendly towards Jing Xuan, Xie Hun replied, "How can we measure interactions between people by a single standard? Confucius respected Taishi Ci; would anyone argue that he was wrong?"
At first, Jing Xuan returned from Shu, and Liu Yi wanted to punish him with strict laws. Gaozu had already entrusted important tasks to Jing Xuan earlier, so he clearly told Liu Yi that personal grudges should not compromise national interests. If Jing Xuan were to be punished, he would personally go to the capital to discuss it in court. Although Liu Yi abandoned the idea of punishing Jing Xuan, he still said to Gaozu, "How can we only believe in one side in our usual old friendship? Emperor Guangwu regretted not listening to Pang Meng's advice, and Cao Cao also lost Meng Zuo because of his credulity. You should consider it carefully!" Later, Liu Yi was sent to Jingzhou, and he said to Jing Xuan, "I am assigned to work in the west this time, and I want you to compromise and serve as my chief historian to manage the southern barbarian area. Do you really think I want to promote you?" Jing Xuan, fearing trouble, reported this to Gaozu. Gaozu smiled and said, "As long as you’re safe, there’s nothing to worry about." Therefore, Jing Xuan was appointed as the governor of Qingzhou, the inspector of the Northern Qingzhou army and county, the general of the Northern Qingzhou, concurrently as the commandant of Qinghe, and soon promoted to the governor of Jizhou. At that time, Gaozu was attacking Liu Yi in the west, and Zhuge Changmin, the governor of Yuzhou, was responsible for supervising the Grand Commandant's military operations. He wrote to Jing Xuan, "Panlong (referring to Liu Yi) is fierce and cruel, arbitrary and domineering, is about to be eliminated, and evil forces will be eradicated; the world will be peaceful and prosperous, and we will all share together!" Jing Xuan replied, "Since the Yongxi era, I have held official positions in three states and seven counties for ten years. Now I hold the official seal, often worrying that too much fortune will bring disaster. I believe I should remain humble to avoid calamity; I truly cannot bear the wealth and glory you speak of." Jing Xuan also sent someone to deliver the reply to Zhuge Changmin. Gaozu said to Wang Dan, "Ashou (referring to Jing Xuan) has truly lived up to my expectations." In the first month of the eleventh year, Jing Xuan was promoted to Right General.
Simadao Ci was a lesser branch of the Jin Dynasty royal family. At the time, he served as an officer in the Jingxuan army. Later, when Emperor Gaozu launched a military campaign against Sima Xiuzhi, Dao Ci secretly conspired with officials like Bi Lu Dao Xiu and some minor generals, including Wang Meng's son, to stage a rebellion. Dao Ci proclaimed himself the Prince of Qi, appointed Dao Xiu as the Governor of Qingzhou, planned to seize Guanggu, and then rise up against Sima Xiuzhi. Jing Xuan summoned Dao Xiu for a talk, dismissed everyone else, and only Wang Meng's son hung back. As a result, Wang Meng's son seized the moment to grab Jing Xuan's knife and killed him. At that time, Jing Xuan was forty-five years old. Civil and military officials swiftly moved to suppress Dao Ci, Wang Meng's son, and the others, executing them all. Before his death, Jing Xuan once gathered with his subordinates at night, and suddenly, a pair of straw sandals fell from the sky and landed on Jing Xuan's plate. The sandals were three feet five inches long, looking as if they had been worn, and their toes and straps were nearly falling apart. Eventually, the sandals rotted away. After Jing Xuan's death, Emperor Gaozu personally went to mourn him and was deeply saddened. Jing Xuan's son succeeded him in his title. Later, during the Song Dynasty, Jing Xuan's title was revoked when the new dynasty took power.
Tan Zhi, courtesy name Gongshu, was a native of Gaoping Jinxiang. He was the younger brother of General Xin. When he was young, he served as a military aide to Sun Wuzhong, following him on expeditions against Sun En, and achieved notable achievements in battles. Later, he served as a military aide to Wang Dan. He participated in the military actions led by Gaozu to capture the capital city and was involved in establishing the military forces of the Wu. After the Battle of Luoluotan, where Tan Ping was killed, Tan Zhi took over the troops previously commanded by Tan Ping. After the capital was pacified, Tan Zhi participated in military duties and was appointed as the Zhenwu General under General Dao Gui, and together they pursued Huan Xuan, achieving victory in every battle. After Jiangling was pacified, Dao Gui sent Tan Zhi to subdue Huan Dao'er, Zhang Jing, and Fu Si, who had taken refuge at the Yuanshui and Mianshui rivers, all of whom were defeated. Tan Zhi was appointed as the Longxiang General, the Prefect of Qin County, and the Internal Historian of Beichen County; later he was appointed as the Ningshuo General and the Prefect of Jingling, but he did not assume the position. He once defeated Huan Liang in Changsha and Fu Hong in Xiangdong. When Yu Yue, the Internal Historian of Wuling, fell ill, Dao Gui appointed Tan Zhi to replace Yu Yue and also promoted him to Ningshuo General, granted him the title of Marquis of Xichang County, and allocated him a thousand households. Five years later, Tan Zhi was summoned to the court as the Minister of the Central Secretariat. As Lu Xun's army drew near to the capital, Liu Jingxuan was appointed as the General of Assistance, leading his troops to station outside Ximing Gate. Later, when Lu Xun fled, Liu Jingxuan fell ill before he could set out on foot to support Jiangling. Eight years later, he was promoted to Right Guard General, then appointed as the Assistant General, the Internal Historian of Xuancheng, concurrently serving as the Supervisor of the military affairs of Jiangbei Huainan, the Inspector of Qingzhou, and the Magistrate of Guangling. He was later promoted to General Who Conquers the Barbarians and granted the power of military command.
After ten years, the fugitive Sima Guofan and his brothers gathered with several hundred people near North Xuzhou, secretly crossing the Huai River. Taking advantage of the dark night, they climbed the walls of Guangling and stealthily entered the city, heading straight to the government office. Liu Jingxuan was awakened and went out to deal with them, but was shot in the thigh by one of the thieves and had to retreat into the house. Liu Jingxuan said to those around him, "If we just wait until the fifth watch bell rings, when it’s almost dawn, they’ll definitely flee." Hearing the bell, the thieves thought it was dawn and scattered in a panic. Later, more than a hundred of them were pursued and killed. Because of this incident, Liu Jingxuan was demoted to General of Jianwu. Eleven years later, he was promoted to Right General. In the twelfth year, during Emperor Gaozu's Northern Expedition, a fugitive Sima caused trouble in Tuzhong (or Chuzhong), and the Qin County Prefect Liu Ji requested reinforcements. Liu Jingxuan was sent to lead the troops to suppress the rebellion, quickly defeating the rebels and killing their leader.
In the fourteenth year, just after the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the Emperor decreed, "The Song Dynasty has just been established, and both internal and external affairs are still in the early stages. The military and important positions require talented individuals. Right General Liu Jingxuan can serve as the leading general of the Song Dynasty and be appointed as a cavalier attendant." Liu Jingxuan was proud and loved to indulge in pleasures outside, unwilling to be transferred back to the capital, and was therefore dissatisfied. Later, he fell ill and did not seek proper treatment, passing away in Guangling at fifty-one. He was posthumously appointed as a cavalier attendant and General of Fumilitary Affairs, with the posthumous title of Weihou.
His son Liu Xian inherited the title, but he died during the Yuanxi era without having any sons. Therefore, Liu Jingxuan's second son Liu Lang inherited the title. After Liu Lang's passing, his son Liu Xuanming inherited the title. After Liu Xuanming's passing, his son Liu Yi inherited the title. After the Qi Dynasty abdicated, Liu Jingxuan's title was revoked.
The historian comments: Liu Jingxuan and Emperor Gaozu Liu Yu established a deep bond during the Longqian period; their friendship and loyalty had already been established. Although their initial interactions in the early days of Emperor Gaozu's restoration were somewhat sycophantic, their deep expectations and enduring friendship remained unchanged. The prominent official position bestowed upon him by Emperor Gaozu stemmed from his personal trust in Liu Jingxuan; while Liu Jingxuan's posthumous evaluation stood in stark contrast to the favor he enjoyed during his lifetime. Perhaps this is the essence of favor and grace!
