The emperor, mandated by heaven, respectfully worships his ancestors. His virtues radiate like the sun, moon, and stars, as a descendant of the Tang Dynasty. The emperor is wise and valiant, deeply loved by the people. He is graced by heaven and has expanded the territory. Revered as the Son of Heaven, he governs all beneath the heavens. Guests gather to pay homage to the emperor, like the sun and moon in harmony, bringing joy to heaven and earth. In the flourishing Kaiyuan era, music and ceremonies thrive, with six orchestras performing and nine government offices in attendance. The sacrificial vessels gleam, and the offerings are plentiful, to express reverence for their ancestors and gratitude for heaven's blessings.
This is the sacrificial song sung during the worship of heaven and earth.
The emperor worships heaven and earth, as well as his ancestors. The preparations for the sacrifice have been completed, and the grand spring ceremony is underway. The solemn ancestral temple sacrifice is respectfully completed. Instruments resonate like golden branches and jade leaves, surrounding the vast music field. The emperor's blessings from the sacrifice extend to the capital and enrich the people. The essence of the sacrifice lights up the night, with incense burning high until morning. The yin and yang blend, and the solemn ambiance of the ceremony fills the air. After the sacrifice is completed, thanks are offered to heaven and earth for their protection. The moon traverses rhythmically, the stars drive the wheels, and the emperor arrives from afar, awe-inspiring and regal.
This is the song that welcomes and bids farewell to the gods during the worship of heaven and earth.
The emperor built an altar to pay respect to the heavens. He carefully planned and consulted auspicious days repeatedly. He built altars and palaces, placed candles for sacrifices, and lit torches. Choosing an auspicious day and time, the sacrificial rites officially commenced. The purple altar was decorated, and the sacrificial sites were arranged. The movements of the stars foretold good omens, and sacrifices were made in sequence at the six ancestral temples. The heavens and earth were serene, and the country was peaceful. The emperor's filial devotion was evident, and the sacrifice ceremony was grand. The offerings were abundant, and the emperor personally participated in the sacrifice. The sacrificial vessels were complete, and the rituals were meticulously observed. The dances were beautiful, and the music was melodious. The emperor waited for the arrival of the spirits, and the procession of the spirits was awe-inspiring. When the spirits descended, light shone brilliantly all around. Pure offerings and fine wine were used to sacrifice to the Taiyi God. The brilliance of night and the splendor of day framed the entirety of the sacrificial rites. The fragrance wafted, offering prayers to the heavens. Singing the praises of the ancestors, extolling their virtues. May the emperor have a long life and prosperous reign.
This is a song for sacrificing to the spirits of heaven and earth.
The earth is peaceful, and the heavens revolve. The canopy of stars moves, and the Purple Star shines. Banners flutter, and chariots and horses are like clouds. Riding the six airs, riding on auspicious clouds. Illuminating the capital, reflecting the cities below. The holy ancestor arrives, and the five spirits gather. A magnificent palace was built, with tall pearl curtains hanging down. The flag of the Han Dynasty flutters, and the moon rests on the eaves. Beautiful dances, melodious bells. Beautiful scenery, gentle breeze. Abundant offerings, clean livestock. Officials are solemn, and officials are devout. The emperor's virtues spread far and wide, shining brightly with great filial piety. Through the nine depths, penetrating the three lights. The spirits are peaceful, and the jade carriage comes to a halt. Auspicious signs come, and the world rejoices.
First, we must greet the spirits, in accordance with the Han Dynasty's suburban sacrificial rituals, using three-character poems, reciting a rhyme every four lines to chant the welcoming song for the spirits:
Yongtai discerns the direction, Zegong observes the celestial events. The pure fire shines in the evening, the bright water rises in the morning. Six coral halls, eight feathered splendid courtyards. Honoring the legacies of the ancient sages, cherishing the spirits above. In the solemn style of the "Four Summers" ode, singing of praises and virtues. To establish a lasting foundation and bring peace to all nations.
Next is the song of ascent, using the old-style four-character verses:
The heavens are vast, the holy ancestors are revered. Residing in myriad realms, adorning the states below. The inner spirits of the eight ministers, the outer radiance of the four seas. The palace of sagebrush gazes upward, the sun pavilion hopes for banners. The returning hall preserves the scenery, the overlapping eaves bind the winds. The carved pillars connect the coordinates, the resounding echoes carry rainbows. Establishing the rituals, harmonizing with the spirits. I will offer my worship, in the spring of Meng. With filial piety and respect, to establish the happiness of my people.
Then comes the ode to Emperor Wen, the style of this song is similar to the "Odes of Zhou":
Reflecting the evening, shining in the morning. The spirit harnesses the thunder, governing the youth. Geese are heading south, the paulownia trees begin to flourish. A gentle breeze dances, as warm light lingers. Life awakens everywhere, and all is renewed. Endless moisture, boundless grace.
Next is the ode to the Green Emperor, using three characters, the number of sentences depends on the number of trees:
The dragon spirit first emerged from the great fire. The vermilion light reaches the north, the auspicious scene is the same. The emperor's role in "Li" truly maintains the balance. The water and rain descend, the wood is flourishing. All things thrive and grow abundantly. Benevolence spreads across the four seas, embracing the nine realms.
Next is the ode to the Red Emperor, using seven characters, the number of sentences depends on the number of fires:
In the palace, he governs the four corners of the world. He regulates the seasons, balancing cold and warmth. Beautiful sights abound, where frost and ice can be shattered. The gentle breeze stirs the crimson dawn, as white clouds drift gracefully. As time passes, the cycles of day and night unfold. The emperor's reign is everywhere, the country is clear and prosperous.
Next is a song praising the Yellow Emperor, using five characters, the number of sentences depends on the number of earth:
Rivers reflect the sky, clear and radiant. Clouds billow, as virtue thrives in purity. Leaves fall, Dongting Lake ripples. Night light penetrates the ground, frost reflects the hanging river. All manner of harvests abound, as the year's labor culminates. The earth is drenched in blessings, welcoming the spirit of autumn.
Finally, a song praising the White Emperor, using nine characters, the number of sentences depends on the number of gold:
(Here should be a nine-character poem praising the White Emperor, but the original text is missing.)
It's getting late, the sun is about to set. Look at the gloomy sky, heavy clouds obscuring it, as even the birds struggle to find their way home. But in the distance, there are still some white clouds drifting, extending to the end of the sky. Thunder rumbles ominously, yet no lightning appears; the weather is truly peculiar. The country has established various regulations, strengthened border defense, and guarded the passes. All four seasons have passed, everything has completed its growth cycle. The entire nation has been blessed, and its people thrive in peace and prosperity. The morning time passes quickly, while the night feels long. Yin energy reaches its peak, and yang energy slowly emerges. Magpies start building nests, and ice and snow begin to melt; the sight of nature awakening is a true delight.
This poem, "Ode to the Black Emperor," is composed in six-character verses, adhering to the principles of water.
Next is the farewell song for the gods, and the atmosphere shifted dramatically. The ceremony was solemn and grand, imbued with a festive spirit. The spirits were about to leave, and the sky began to darken. The gates of the Nine Heavens swung open, and the five roads stood solemn and dignified. The phoenix and dragon were both ready, the clouds rolled, and the Yellow River rushed. The land was bright for thousands of miles, and the air was filled with fragrance. The chariot bearing the spirits returned to the ethereal realm. The palace was silent, the jade palace lay empty. The sage's teachings resonated deeply within people's hearts, and filial piety prevailed. People remembered the spirits' blessings with awe and reverence.
This is the "Farewell Song for the Gods," written in three-character verses. These two poems together comprise the "Song of Feasting the Gods in the Heavenly Suburbs."
During the early years of the Han Dynasty, after pacifying the various regions of the country, the tribes submitted. After several wars, the country finally stabilized, and the people thrived in peace and prosperity, while remaining vigilant, and also developing culture and entertainment. We entertained guests and soldiers, thanking the heavens for their blessings, praying for eternal peace and security. May future generations receive the heavens' blessings, like the longevity of pine and cypress. The people of the country lived in peace and harmony.
This is the "Song of Blessings and Happiness."
Next is the selection of talents, preparation of weapons and equipment, and the soldiers were all eager and well-trained, like divine warriors. Our army was disciplined, yet compassionate and just, soldiers from all over the country gathered together.
This is the "Song of New Blessings with Crossbows."
My achievements have been completed, and the people lived in peace and prosperity. We held a grand banquet in the vast courtyard, entertaining guests and soldiers. We demonstrated both civil and military achievements, pacifying the world, comforting the people, receiving the favor of the heavens, and living a long life. I hope that thousands of years from now, people will still remember our achievements.
This is the "Song of New Blessings at the Altar of Peace."
Our army is brave and skilled in battle, the soldiers are well-trained, and benevolent policies are widely practiced, with our might renowned far and wide. Throughout history, those with outstanding achievements like us are extremely rare. We have fought in all directions, our reputation has spread far and wide, reaching overseas. The Han Dynasty will forever prosper and flourish. Our country will remain strong and stable, ensuring our legacy lasts for eternity.
This is "New Fu Ge Song."
Finally, the first part of "Only the Holy Emperor" and "Spear and Shield."
The Emperor is truly respected and benevolent, his grace extends throughout the land! Look at this ceremonial music, like the form and shadow of a person, civil governance and military prowess, like the inner and outer layers of clothing; only then can we have the "Ba Yu" dance. The dancers move gracefully, with swords and crossbows lined up neatly, spears and halberds as the opening, swift as eagles in advance and retreat, soaring like dragons and tigers, with an overwhelming presence. Though it appears chaotic, it is actually well-organized, with natural and smooth movements, following rules in unity and separation.
The second part of "Short Weapons" and "Sword and Shield" says: the sword is a short-range weapon, characterized by its urgent and dangerous momentum, faster than lightning, and spins freely. The dancers move in unison, sometimes gathering and sometimes separating, as swift as lightning and as unpredictable as the stars. This is a reflection of military tactics and a display of military bearing.
The third part of "Military Garrison" and "Crossbow and Shield" says: the crossbow is a long-range weapon and an important force in the army, its firing follows a set pattern. The crossbow is stable and firmly anchored, with a long range and fast speed, steady and powerful yet not slow. The shooters focus their minds, aim at the target, and hit the smallest details. The "Crossbow and Shield" dance is absolutely mesmerizing! With constantly shifting movements, retreating like a raging river, advancing like a flying bird, harmonious with the five musical tones, all eight sounds playing together, displaying the might of military force, praising the divine power.
"The Poor Martial Arts Treatise" "An Tai's Chaotic Journey" Section Four says: Over-reliance on military force ultimately leads to ruin, which is more than just a defeat; it can lead to national decline. The tales of Qin Shi Huang and King Xuyan serve as cautionary examples. The ancient kings learned from this, established a sound civil administration, and bolstered military readiness. Civil governance and military strength must work in tandem for a nation to thrive.
In times of chaos, those in power often fall into arrogance and complacency, and extremes inevitably lead to decline. Arrogance and complacency will inevitably lead to danger, and fullness will inevitably lead to overthrow. To prevent danger and upheaval, one must ensure stability. Harmony endures, and even the murky can become clear. Only when civil administration and military achievements are combined can they conform to the principles of heaven.
"The Dance of Feathers and Flutes" says: In the ancient era of the Yellow Emperor, when heaven and earth were first created, people used nets to hunt birds and animals, resulting in a stable existence. Shennong taught people agriculture, and the challenges of entrepreneurship are apparent. With food in abundance, the people lived peacefully and worry-free. The Yellow Emperor embarked on conquests, establishing the foundation for all. The army had no permanent base, which characterized the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan. The Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan was diligent in political affairs, and Yao and Shun also governed in an orderly manner. Xia Yu controlled the waters, and Tang Wu also used military force. Who can guarantee comfort and enjoy peace? The revered emperor is both wise and martial, with praises from all corners of the world never-ending, shining with radiant virtues. Only the revered emperor can promote civilization and bring clarity to the realm, prosperity to all things, and peace and security to the nation. The concealed dragon takes flight, while the phoenix soars, the wind and rain harmonize, all things flourish, auspicious signs appear, virtuous men are employed, the people live in peace and happiness; may the revered emperor enjoy boundless longevity!
Long, long ago, when the universe was in chaos and yin and yang had yet to be distinguished. The sun rose, bringing light; the yin energy descended, forming clouds. With the harmony of yin and yang, all things grew, each unique in its own way. Everyone could live and work in peace, all united under a wise ruler. From the Three Sovereigns to the Five Emperors, writing and civilization emerged. The rise and fall of dynasties was marked by constant change. The Jin Dynasty was renowned for its virtue, surpassing all ancient dynasties. From Fuxi and Shennong to Yao, Shun, and Yu, they governed the world with remarkable achievements, surpassing the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, as well as Tang Yao and King Wu of Zhou. Their great achievements even exceeded those of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. Their blessings spread throughout the world, enriching the universe. With a wise emperor on the throne, assisted by Yuan Kai, the world was peaceful and joyful! Such vast and ancient vitality! As the five elements rotated and the sun and moon alternated, all things grew and changed with time. The wise emperor inherited the Mandate of Heaven, guiding all beings, using morality to educate the world, ensuring peace across the realm, enjoying the blessings of heaven, with the national fortune continuing indefinitely.
Tonight, we are conducting our sacrifices with great respect and care. Exquisite offerings are presented to our ancestors. The spirits observe our sincerity and will surely accept our sacrifices. The spirits bestow blessings upon us, protecting our descendants.
Oh, time passes quickly! Today's sacrifice was witnessed by the deities. If we offer sacrifices on time, the deities will protect us. With their blessings, we can enjoy an era of peace and prosperity. Our national fortune continues, all thanks to the blessings from heaven. The great emperors, esteemed ancestors, and glorious forebears, each generation inheriting the throne.
As we begin the ancestral temple sacrifices, the deities descend. Heaven grants us infinite blessings, and we conduct our sacrifices devoutly. We express our gratitude to our great ancestors for their protection of our descendants. May our descendants also enjoy these blessings.
Beautiful music plays in the courtyard, while the ritual is taking place in the main hall. In the solemn ancestral temple, we honor our ancestors. Many officials gather together for the ritual. The sacrificial ceremony is grand and perfect, and is sure to bring bountiful harvests and blessings.
From ancient ancestors to the present, all have received the blessings of heaven. Our illustrious ancestors bestow their grace upon us. Our family's prosperity stems from their pioneering efforts. They bestow upon us boundless grace, and our national fortune will continue forever.
Our forebears, noble in character, upright, and humble, are able to overcome all difficulties. They safeguard our national fortune and serve as our role models. They gave birth to the holy ancestors, shining light on the four nations.
First, let us recite this hymn, praising the merits of our imperial ancestors. The hymn praises our imperial ancestors, radiant with holy virtue, diligent in governance, toiling day and night, promoting cultural education, showcasing military achievements, strengthening the state, implementing heavenly punishment, establishing the foundation, securing the imperial throne, revering the mandate of heaven, and safeguarding the state.
Next is a song praising Emperor Jing. The song says, oh Emperor Jing, wise and sagacious, respectful and reverent, inheriting the legacy of the ancestors, consolidating achievements, ascending to the throne of wisdom, quelling rebellions, diligently governing the country, following the mandate of heaven, and the prosperity of the nation.
The third song praises Emperor Wen. The song says, oh Emperor Wen, governing with culture and military might, intelligent and wise, holy and martial, handling political affairs in an orderly manner, quelling rebellions, pacifying distant lands, befriending neighbors, promoting talents, establishing the foundation, inheriting the rule, with achievements that resonate in the heavens.
This section describes the scene of the sacrifice. During the Jin Dynasty's sacrifice, it proceeds in order, with the ancestral temple solemn and dignified, with all the rituals and music in place. People from all over the country come to sacrifice, offerings are neatly arranged, wine and water are prepared, along with various offerings. In a spirit of reverence, the sacrificial ceremony is held, with songs and dances, with our ancestors blessing the nation and peace reigning across the land.
Next is the song and dance performance during the sacrificial ceremony. In the singing, officials stand solemnly, civil and military officials gather together, all under heaven bow in submission, with all rituals meticulously observed, bells and drums resound, music plays, dances are performed, singing melodiously, expressing reverence for the ancestors, praising their achievements, the scene is both solemn and grand, the atmosphere harmonious.
The last two songs are dedicated specifically to Emperor Gaozu Xuan and Emperor Shizong Jing. The first song says, oh Gaozu, the virtues and signs from heaven align, rising with fortune, pacifying rebellions, achievements spread throughout the universe, all corners of the world submit, regulating with laws and systems, influencing with education, auspicious signs frequently appear, establishing heavenly mandate, comparable to the virtues of Yao and Shun. The second song praises Emperor Jing of the Shizong, (original text not provided, unable to translate).
Emperor Jing inherited the throne, continuing to carry forward the great foundation of the Hongwu era. Imperial power is once again consolidated, heavenly mandate once again revealed. Those rebellious bandits disturbed Yangzhou and the Chu region. So the Emperor reorganized the army and prepared to suppress. The Emperor's strategies were ingenious, the army valiant and skilled in battle. The rebellion was quelled, with remarkable accomplishments.
Next is a poem praising Emperor Wen of the Taizu: Emperor Taizu is wise and martial, his royal path spreads across the land, benevolent policies extend to all directions, the foundation of the imperial family is thus further consolidated. The imperial family has experienced many hardships, Emperor Taizu reorganized the Forbidden City, his authority is as formidable as autumn frost, his grace is like a gentle spring breeze, pacifying Shu and Chu regions, using both civil and military means, ultimately unifying the country, his achievements will forever be remembered.
Then is a poem praising Emperor Wu of the Shizu: Emperor Shizu, his virtues are admirable, he ascended the throne by heavenly mandate, soaring to the Forbidden City like a dragon. He managed government affairs meticulously, judged cases fairly. He brought many diverse regions under his rule, also pacified the pseudo-Wu regime. Morning dew falls, and stars shine at night, the people live in peace and contentment, everywhere singing praises of his merits.
Next is a poem praising Emperor Zhongzong Yuan: After a tumultuous period of 160 years, the world finally found peace. Emperor Yuan rose, like a large net encompassing the Jianghan region. He acted in accordance with the mandate of heaven, pacified rebellions, his teachings spread like a gentle breeze, his blessings showered like rain, his radiance shone even brighter, the golden light sparkled once again, his virtues unmatched for a thousand generations, his achievements will be remembered forever.
Then comes a poem praising Emperor Sizong Ming: Emperor Sizong Ming, wise and sagacious, continued and expanded the ancestral legacy, his wisdom and integrity shining on the land. The treacherous villains who dared defy the emperor, Emperor Sizong personally led the army, quelled rebellions, created a new era, his grand plan was deeply rooted in people's hearts, his achievements will be remembered forever, the world at peace, the nation enduring.
Next is a poem praising Emperor Xianzong Cheng: Emperor Xianzong, his grace was widely acknowledged, promoting benevolence and harmony throughout the world. He based his rule on benevolence, never straying from ritual and law, nurturing the people with virtuous morals, cleansing the nation with honest governance, the country prospering like a phoenix rising from the ashes, his merits akin to Yao and Shun, his achievements will be remembered forever.
Then comes a poem praising Emperor Kang: Emperor Kang, inheriting the virtues of his ancestors, governing through virtuous leadership, his benevolent rule spreading throughout the land, based on honesty, using silence to suppress evil, his authority brought stability to the realm, his teachings leading to national prosperity.
Lastly, a poem praising Emperor Xiaozong Mu: (The poem is missing in the original text)
Emperor Xiaozong was intelligent and wise, with great virtues and reputation, shining like the rising sun in the morning, radiating light in all directions. He taught the world; his benevolence reached every corner, and his profound virtues deserve to be celebrated in poetry. He pacified the rebellion in Shu and stabilized the northern borders; his great achievements will be remembered by future generations for his grace.
Emperor Ai, his noble character and broad-mindedness, his love for ancient rites and systems, and his practice of them. His way of governing embraced a philosophy of non-interference, with clear and simple politics; his teachings spread like a spring breeze, and the people thrived in peace and contentment, like flora in harmony with nature. Although he has passed away, his great virtues shine even brighter; the melodious "Yunmen" and "Shao" music perfectly interpreted his greatness.
Emperor Jianwen, how truly great you are! Your virtues shine between heaven and earth! Your wisdom is extraordinary, like a deity; your morals are noble, as profound as an unfathomable abyss. You followed the will of heaven and accomplished your great achievements; your teachings quietly nurture all beings, growing deeper with each passing day. You treated people kindly, and your way of governing was simple and easy to follow, worthy of emulation by future generations. Your virtues flow like rivers, with deep and profound origins.
Emperor Xiaowu of the Liang Dynasty, under the watchful eye of heaven, you were a wise monarch of the Jin Dynasty! You inherited the aspirations of Emperor Wen; your virtues were noble and profound. You were majestic yet compassionate, strict but not rigid; once you issued an order, all under heaven obeyed. Your virtues spread throughout Huaihai; your governance was akin to the "Book of Songs" and "Odes," rich in tradition and with deep roots. Your teachings were like life-giving dew, nurturing all aspects of society, creating a stable and harmonious society.
The song of the sacrificial rites echoes through the four seasons: the solemn and serene temple, lofty sacred accomplishments, nations gather to pay their respects in grand ceremonies. The clash of bells and drums harmonizes, announcing the prosperity of the dynasty, the establishment of the martial emperor. The spirits rejoice, the music is melodious, harmonious resonance, singing praises of virtues, praising the holy wisdom. The far-reaching teachings nourish the land of the Nine Provinces, the people thrive in peace and prosperity, and the nation flourishes. The rituals are upheld, the music is solemn, singing praises of the nine achievements, passing down for generations.
The unbroken royal lineage shines brightly, the virtues of the Han Dynasty endure, the legacy of Yao and Shun still remains. Great imperial ancestors, your virtues shall be eternally celebrated, we are fortunate to be your descendants, your grace will never cease.
This is the song of the sacrifice to the Lord of Beiping Prefecture. In the clear temple, solemn and dignified, the sacrificial rites are meticulously prepared, with grand and orderly etiquette. We sacrifice to the illustrious imperial ancestor, inheriting his teachings, seeking his blessings to bestow upon us prosperity and happiness.
This is the song of the sacrifice to the Lord of Xiangguo County. The sacrificial ceremonies of the four counties have ended, the music of the pipes and drums has ceased. Six sacrificial vessels are placed on the altar, and the courtyard dances the Ba Yi dance. The ancient kings established enduring rituals and systems, and we use them to sacrifice to the imperial ancestor. Your illustrious virtues and boundless grace.
This is the song of the sacrifice to the Lord of Kaifeng Prefecture. The bells and drums ring loudly, the ceremonial procession is grand and dignified. With utmost respect, adhering to the norms of etiquette and music, we reverently sacrifice to the ancestors. Your noble character and compassion that spreads across the world, ushering in a new era, your glory endures.
This is the song of the sacrifice to the Lord of Wuyuan Prefecture.
Oh glorious and brilliant imperial ancestors, your heart is as vast as the emperor's. You have always followed Heaven's mandate, spreading your virtues. We remember your great achievements, shining like precious jade and gold. Your valiant army stands guard at the palace; we express our respect and reverence in this way.
This is a hymn to the Duke of Dong'an Prefecture.
Oh filial emperor, your wisdom is as profound as that of the greatest sages. Your auspicious energy descends from heaven, celebrating grandly. Your virtues are as solid as gold and stone, your teachings resonate with harmony like a symphony. Heaven's mandate has gathered, and your virtues will forever be passed down.
This is a hymn to the Filial Emperor.
Only heaven can determine fate, bestowing favor upon virtuous sages. You are the glorious and great Emperor Wu, governing the world and stabilizing the state. Your achievements spread throughout the country, your teachings throughout the entire nation. You use military force for peace, governing with the principles of balance and harmony, renowned as the sage ruler who excelled in both civil and military affairs. You ended the chaos, overthrew dynasties, and established the capital of our Song Dynasty. You are the supreme ruler, establishing a monumental legacy, blessing the people, and we all sing praises in the clear temple.
This is a hymn to the Ancestor Emperor Wu.
The ancestral temple is solemn and dignified, with offerings of jade placed in the courtyard. The harmonious sounds of sheng and xiao fill the air, and the offerings are abundant. Although millet and other grains are not the most precious offerings, we offer them with utmost sincerity, conveying our deepest respect. May the spirits accept our offerings and bless us with good fortune. Civil and military officials witness this grand sacrificial ceremony in unison.
This is a hymn to the Seven Temples, including the Empress Dowager section.
Hymn to the Filial Emperor Xiaowu by Xie Zhuang:
Heaven has bestowed long-lasting blessings upon our ancestors. Our wise father inherited the ancestral wisdom, adhering to the ancestral teachings. As the heavens shifted and dynasties rose and fell, you laid a stable foundation for the Song Dynasty, stabilizing the nation. You pacified the world, built a new capital, restored rituals and music, and brought peace to society. Your benevolence spread far and wide, educating and influencing all corners of the earth. Auspicious omens enveloped the court, and dew fell on the rooftops. The temples were solemn, the palaces splendid. We sing and dance in celebration of your virtues, playing solemn music. While our offerings may not be the most valuable, it is your wisdom and virtue that we hold in highest esteem. May the spirits accept our offerings and bestow endless blessings upon us.
Empress Dowager Xuan's Temple Song:
(The content of Empress Dowager Xuan's Temple Song is missing.)
Wow, these lyrics are quite ancient! Let's go through them sentence by sentence and explain them in modern terms.
The first paragraph is about: In the bright moonlight of the first month, the virtues of the royal family shine brightly. Inheriting the excellent traditions of the Zhou Dynasty, just like the virtuous Zhou Jiang. The empress governs the realm, teaching the princes and princesses in the Forbidden City. Let the music play to celebrate this beautiful scene. May heaven bless the Jin Dynasty; generations of emperors are wise. People from all over the world come to pay their respects.
The second paragraph is about: The bells and drums are ringing, guests are gathering, the grand ceremony commences, creating a solemn and dignified atmosphere.
The third paragraph is about: The stars in the sky shine brightly; the emperor and empress shine as brilliantly as the stars, majestic and devout.
The fourth paragraph is about: Acting in accordance with etiquette, without a single misstep, all are noble virtues. The emperor is a model of wisdom, and all nations revere him.
Next is the song "Yu He," which conveys: The emperor is wise, like the rise of a dragon, three toasts to the emperor, wishing him everlasting longevity! Bless the people of the four directions, shining like the rising sun! May heaven bless you with prosperity and harmony!
Next is the song "Tianming," which is relatively long, so let's take it slowly:
The first paragraph is about: Heaven has decreed the rise of the Great Jin Dynasty to nurture the people of the world. The emperor is noble in virtue, adapts to the situation, and resolves crises.
The second paragraph is about: Inheriting the mission from ancestors, the emperor and empress have ushered in a new era, inherited the ancestors' cause, and promoted the achievements of cultural governance.
The third paragraph is about: The emperor inherited the cultural governance of his ancestors, valued agricultural production, was diligent and thrifty, and ensured the people were well-clothed and well-fed.
The fourth paragraph is about: The people have sufficient clothing and food, and the emperor helps them overcome difficulties. Thanks to Heaven's blessings, the people live and work in harmony.
The fifth paragraph is about: With the blessing of heaven, the wise emperor, as people from all nations come to offer their congratulations. Although it is a time of peace and prosperity, one must not slack off and must govern diligently at all times.
The sixth paragraph is about: The emperor sacrifices to the heavens and earth, establishes the sites of ancestral temples and state altars, creates a powerful clan, and shines throughout the world.
The seventh paragraph is about: Conducting sacrificial rituals respectfully, offering sacrifices, with proper etiquette and harmonious music.
The eighth paragraph is about: Various musical instruments play together, including sheng, yong, qin, se, chi, xun, and more, filling the air with a festive spirit.
The ninth paragraph is about: Drums and bells ring together, the instruments blend in harmony, the eight sounds play together, with a grand and solemn sound.
The tenth paragraph is about: The sound is grand and solemn, yet not overly ostentatious, subtly shaping the lives of the people, much like clouds and rain.
The eleventh and twelfth paragraphs are about: Moistening the people like clouds and rain, education and music foster harmony among the people, allowing them to thrive in peace.
The thirteenth paragraph is about: With solemn etiquette and harmonious music, the emperor's reign ensures peace across the realm.
The heavens destined the Jin Dynasty to prosper and shine upon all nations. The emperor is extremely wise, and his cultural governance and military achievements have become exemplary. Heaven is just, reflecting its virtues in the earthly realm. He implements astute politics and laws, as well as promotes the education of rites and music, embodying the principle of moderation. This is how "Zhengde Dance Song" is sung.
Oh, how great is the emperor of the Jin Dynasty! Blessed by the heavens, ordained by the heavens. The emperor shines brilliantly, a wise ruler through the generations. Performing the 'Dayu' music to bless the people with peace. Like an unfathomable abyss, endlessly abundant. In harmony with the will of heaven, devoutly attuned to its timing. "Dayu Dance and Song" also says so.
During the grand assembly on the first day of the lunar new year, four ceremonial songs are to be sung. The first one is: The emperor is the cornerstone of all existence; all living beings depend on him for their being. Conducting a grand sacrificial ceremony on the first day of the lunar new year, respectfully welcoming auspicious signs. Meeting with courtiers, including all officials. Everyone follows the emperor's decree; this is the emperor's rightful duty. The song "Yu Huang" has eight lines, actually should be called "Yu He."
The second one: The wise emperor gazes majestically over the realm. People from all corners of the realm are devoted to him; his benevolence reaches the farthest lands. He is good at pacifying distant lands and governing neighboring regions; his virtues are commendable, and there are no grievances. Everyone comes to pay homage; thus, the nation thrives in stability and prosperity. The song "Ming Ming" has eight lines, actually should be called "Wei Wei."
The third one: The country is prosperous and flourishing, blessed by the heavens to thrive and develop. He inherits the excellent qualities of his ancestors, inheriting the virtues of his forefathers. Generation after generation pursues virtues, thus owning vast territories. Think of the achievements of our emperor; the ceremonial system flourishes in orderly fashion as a result. The song "Bang Guo" has eight lines, actually should be called "Yang Yang."
The fourth one: Our ancestors represent our guiding principles; their noble legacy illuminates our path. We face the heavens, grateful for the grace of the emperor. We must strive to fulfill our aspirations, and the emperor diligently works towards this as well. We must safeguard this blessing and use it to govern the country. The song "Zu Zong" has eight lines, actually should be called "Lu Ming."
On the first day of the first month, at the grand assembly, the royal officials will also sing a longevity song: On this festive New Year's Day, we gather together in celebration. Offering fine wine to the Emperor, wishing him boundless longevity. May the Emperor enjoy long life and glorious achievements. The royal family flourishes and thrives, prospering through generations; the Emperor's virtuous deeds will be remembered for generations. The song "Jian Yuanchen" consists of eight lines; it should actually be called "Yushangxing."
During the banquet, there will be twelve songs sung in the east and west wings. The first one is: Seven bright stars shine together, a great blessing to have esteemed guests. National affairs have been planned, followed by a grand banquet. Everyone respects us, adhering to etiquette and humility. The song "Huanghuang" consists of eight lines; it should actually be called "Luming."
As the guests arrive at the banquet, the atmosphere is lively and bustling. There are morning court meetings and evening banquets, all to fulfill various rituals. Seating arrangements are made according to official ranks, some in the court, some on the steps. Even the elderly on the welcoming platform bring their brothers along. Everyone accompanies each other; subordinates follow rules and regulations. Everyone looks up to the Emperor as a role model, cultivating themselves and praying for blessings together.
The chapter "Binzhichuyan" consists of twelve lines. (When "Yumu")
Our ancestors established a great legacy. Now our Emperor shines even brighter than those before him. Generation after generation inherits and promotes greatness, shining light across the country. He is committed to uniting the people, promoting welfare, and always aligning with the times. He follows the example of Yu the Great in managing water; wherever he goes, he commands great respect. Heaven's blessings bestow upon him high ranks and great fortunes.
The chapter "Sanhou" consists of twelve lines. (When "Zhaozhao")
What a great emperor Taizu was! He implemented benevolent governance, expanded the realm, stabilized the country, and established a good social order. He reformed and innovated, allowing the people to live and work in peace, without any complaints. He laid the foundation for our Jin dynasty and created a lasting legacy.
In the chapter "He Yi," eight sentences. (As "Hua Hua")
Our virtuous Duke Liewen served as a minister during the reign of Emperor Jing. He quelled rebellions with authority yet without cruelty. He governed the nation with a clear vision, leading to prosperity. He implemented the Seven Virtues, bringing stability and prosperity to the nation.
In the chapter "Lie Wen," eight sentences. (As "Chao Yan")
How magnificent! The late Emperor Shengwen, blessed by the heavens, was truly a great monarch. He carefully adhered to the Five Principles, was diligent in state affairs, and achieved remarkable success in both civil and military affairs, leaving a lasting legacy. He cultivated his own virtue, managed his household, governed the country, and ensured peace and prosperity for the people, leading to a rich and comfortable life. He cared for distant lands and understood underlying issues, spread education, and fostered harmony throughout the realm. He governed wisely, avoided excessive use of force, and ensured officials fulfilled their duties. His virtues were vast, his teachings flourished, and his moral principles were profound and boundless.
In the chapter "Yi Yu," sixteen sentences. (As "Sheng De")
In a prosperous and harmonious era, thanks to the Emperor's great favor, our Jin dynasty prospered, all thanks to his wise leadership. He initiated reforms that unified the realm. He was wise and comparable to legendary rulers like Yu the Great and Yao. By rewarding vassals, he brought ongoing blessings to the nation. For three generations, the country flourished, all thanks to him. Why was there such prosperity? Because he governed the entire nation. Vassals, ministers, nobles, and kings all thrived in peace and prosperity as the standard. Guests greeted each other with warm bows in the courtyard, dignitaries sat in the hall. Representatives from Song and Wei came to pay respects, Chenliu and Shanyang also sent envoys. Our emissaries observed the prosperity of the country, offered talented individuals, strategic advice, jade discs, and precious gems. May the heavens bestow upon him endless blessings.
In the chapter "Long Hua," twenty-eight sentences. (As "Sui Wan Bang")
Speaking of this article, it starts with a majestic poem:
The egret takes to the skies, the swan unfurls its wings. The capital is dignified, the four directions are orderly. There is no rivalry, only the ruler’s decrees are upheld. The nobles come to court, speaking of the utmost.
The next section discusses the emperor's benevolence and strategies for governing the country, using gorgeous language and profound meaning:
Oh, this great emperor—he's the one the common people depend on! He acts in accordance with the mandate of heaven, governs wisely and showers his people with continuous blessings. For the unkind and unjust, he employs straightforward teachings to guide them. The court is well-organized, and talented individuals are given their due recognition. The nine clans are harmonious, and all states obey the court. He has ushered in a new era, promulgated new laws, and the people unite like fish scales, living in harmony. He follows the trend of the times, adheres to orthodoxy, and all different paths ultimately converge. His heart is broad, able to accommodate all things, his spirit noble, his conduct honorable. He graciously welcomes advice and different opinions, never hiding anything. He sets an example, educates the people, like the spring breeze and rain, and the people flourish. His blessings extend to the people, and the people share in his glory. The emperor feasts and celebrates; this prosperous scene will be passed down forever.
This section describes a grand banquet scene, with a warm and solemn atmosphere:
The banquet begins, and everyone is overjoyed as people from all nations gather together. The atmosphere is solemn and orderly. Look, the courtyard is brightly lit, the drums thunder while the wind instruments play sweet melodies, celebrating the emperor’s accomplishments, and everyone sings and dances to honor great achievements. Various instruments play in harmony, shifting the social atmosphere. This harmonious scene resembles a beautiful melody, where the world is at peace and the people thrive.
The following section reviews the glorious history of the dynasty and the emperor's great achievements:
This is a peaceful and prosperous era, where all the people are united like one big family. Thinking of our ancestors, they were wise and powerful, intimidating all foes. They first pacified the regions of Shu and Wu, then conquered Yan and Qin, with Emperor Wen being both benevolent and virtuous and achieving remarkable feats. From the founding of the country, he followed the will of heaven and cared for the people. Various auspicious signs appeared, heralding even greater prosperity for the country. With heavenly blessings and people living in harmony, the country thrived. All of them submitted to the court. The Sushen region also paid tribute on time, sending exquisite arrows. Han Xian offered wonderful music, with various instruments harmoniously unified; the Western Regions paid tribute with mastiffs, Funan also offered treasures, and barbarian tribes sent envoys to pay tribute, some with black teeth, some with patterns on their bodies. The emperor graciously welcomed them, and the country prospered even more as a result.
The last paragraph describes the peaceful scene after the banquet, foreshadowing peace and prosperity for the nation:
The banquet is over; though there are no loud voices, a festive and peaceful atmosphere fills the air. The table is full of fine wine and food, with delightful aromas wafting through the air. The etiquette is impeccable, and the musical arrangements are complete, with "Xiao Shao" playing ninety percent, the music is melodious and pleasant. Everyone drinks joyfully and returns content, but not overly intoxicated. The people are immersed in joy, and the country is more stable as a result. The emperor's governance strategy is exemplary; the country is destined for lasting prosperity and will not decline.
In ancient times, there was a grand ceremony celebrating the emperor's virtues and governance. First, let's have a song called "Zhengde Dance Song": "When humanity flourishes, great virtues are embraced. Voices echo the melody, while dances symbolize achievements. Weapons are wielded, and music resounds. Feathers and flutes gather, assisting in the command. Promote beauty and goodness, in harmony with the times. Brighten its chapters, shining to all nations. All nations are thriving, following our path. Offering sacrifices to the heavens, destined by fate. Heavenly blessings like the wind, people respond like grass. Majestic and orderly, taking shape in signs. Civil and military achievements, celebrating the four seasons. No competition for greatness, eternal succession."
This song celebrates good customs, great virtues, and the emperor's achievements as expressed through song and dance. The grand ceremonies symbolize the emperor's dignity, bringing peace to the realm and admiration from all subjects, ensuring that this prosperous era will be passed down forever. Next, there is another song called "Da Yu Dance Song": "In harmony with the times, great is the era of Yushun. The time advances its benevolence, the world flourishes with prosperity. Signs of our era, proclaiming Wen as the foundation. The great cause is renewed, our emperor is flourishing. Bright lights and brilliance, honoring clear thoughts. Achievements are accomplished, the fortune of Jin. Majestic holy emperor, the mandate is firm. All things are peaceful, fragrance spreads widely. Education thrives, characterized by sincerity and simplicity. Profound transformation is smooth, enjoying leisure. Music elevates virtue, emulating the beauty of 'Shao' and 'Huo'. Profound and distant, following the royal standards."
This song talks about following the timing of heaven; it is a great era where benevolence and virtue prevail, bringing peace to the world due to the emperor's civil governance. A new great cause is flourishing, the emperor's virtues shine brightly, governance is proper, the country prospers, the emperor receives the mandate from heaven, bringing peace to the world. Education flourishes, society is simple and pure, moral influence is widely spread, people are happy, music is grand, following the ancient models, all following the royal path. Then, someone composed a birthday poem: "Celebrating Yuanqing with a toast to longevity. The emperor extends his blessings, wishing peace and prosperity for all." This poem simply wishes the emperor a long life and peace and prosperity for the nation.
Finally, looking at the grand scene of this celebration, the singing, music, and dancing all express reverence and praise for the emperor: "Clearly above, grandeur is evident. With threefold longevity, the barbarians find peace. The multitude gradually gains virtue, the six realms share in the blessings. Three celestial alignments, morning celebrations are abundant. Huaxia offers tributes, and from all corners come various gifts. The jade ornaments adorn the morning court, the grand court, where words reflect their brilliance. The ceremony is timely, and the rites are elaborate. In gratitude for the emperor's blessings, the joyous music never ceases. The nine guests are in the courtyard, the praise is communicated. Ascend the auspicious offerings; they become marquises and dukes. The solemn respect for the heavens, the grand ceremony stirs the heart. The auspicious signs multiply." This describes the grand scene of the morning court, where civil and military officials pay their respects, the world submits, the etiquette is grand, the auspicious atmosphere is full, praising the emperor's merits, wishing for prosperous national fortune and eternal peace. The whole scene is magnificent, filled with a peaceful and festive atmosphere.
The emperor's morning court, all officials come to pay their respects. The ceremony is grand, and the etiquette is intricate. The dances display the virtues of a prosperous era, and the songs extol the nine great achievements. Promoting good deeds, spreading the footsteps of peace. The emperor's grace is boundless, illuminating the shadows. Soothing the spirits and gathering auspicious blessings. The hidden dragon emerges, and the fierce tiger turns gentle. The phoenix and qilin appear, heralding an era of peace and prosperity. Withered trees spring back to life, and dried-up springs flow once more. Lingzhi mushrooms thrive, and thorns soften. A peaceful atmosphere emerges, and signs of tranquility multiply. In harmony with heaven, earth, and spirits, it reflects the emperor's era of prosperity. Stabilizing the universe, harmonizing all nations. Heaven bestows great blessings, safeguarding the royal family!
This prosperous era is the result of the accumulation of wise rulers throughout history, and even the spirits of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors in heaven rejoice. They have laid the foundation of the royal lineage. The people are joyful and supportive of the current monarch. Emperor Hengwen's benevolent governance is as radiant as the sun and stars, signifying a prosperous age that has continued through generations.
When the era began, the monarch ascended to the throne and took charge. People from all corners enjoyed peace and happiness, living in peace and happiness. The harvest was abundant, and all living things flourished.
With the people living happily and society stable and prosperous, the country flourished, guaranteeing boundless prosperity for generations to come. With a solid foundation and a legacy that endures, the glorious achievements will be forever remembered. Following the heavenly mandate forever, this signifies good fortune for the Jin Dynasty.
Under the rule of wise monarchs, the realm was filled with benevolence. Their virtues were in harmony with heaven and earth, governing the realm as naturally and harmoniously as one refines metal. Profound teachings were integrated with nature, and the highest virtues reached the divine. Blessings spread across the land.
The Jin Dynasty's prosperous era, guided by wise monarchs, shone brightly like the sun and moon. Blessings from above and divine protection secured stability. Bringing benefit to all people, they gathered the great heavenly mandate. With the mandate fulfilled, the glorious achievements of the emperor shine brightly. Light reappeared, illuminating the darkness. Teachings spread far and wide, blessings reaching the world. This transformed social customs. The court was teeming with talent, and the people were sincere and humble, abandoning extravagance and returning to simplicity. Remembering the distant people, grand performances of song and dance took place in the palace, and envoys from distant minority groups came to pay tribute. Envoys from Funan arrived for an audience, and the Sushen people came in splendid attire to offer tribute. Rain and dew nurtured all living things, blessings spread endlessly. A scene of peace, with benevolent governance flourishing across the realm.
Today is the Chao Yuan Festival, and everyone is paying homage to the Emperor in the palace. The Emperor sits in the highest position, creating a scene of unparalleled peace and prosperity. Everyone is wholeheartedly playing harmonious music, expressing loyalty to the Emperor. We admire the Emperor's grace, with hearts brimming with gratitude. Immersed in the simple atmosphere, bathed in a pure, radiant glow. People across the country are celebrating together, sharing in the glory and riches. The Emperor has founded a great dynasty, governing the realm. Mastering the dynamics of yin and yang, commanding the six forces of heaven and earth. The people live in peace and happiness, each thriving in their own pursuits. The Emperor's royal road extends throughout the world, governing wisely and ensuring a pure and just social order. The Emperor sincerely offers worship to the deities of heaven and earth, promoting rituals and music, leading by example.
On the auspicious day of the Yuan Festival, the Emperor hosts a banquet for his courtiers in the palace. The sound of metal and stone echoes, the melodious sound of the flute drifts. Performing pieces like "Jiu Xia," dancing the "Yunmen" and "Shao" dances. The Emperor's virtues and reputation are widely known, bringing peace to the world, and prosperity to the seas. The world is peaceful all because of the Emperor's wisdom. His grace is boundless, and the royal path flourishes. The Emperor governs the land of Huaxia, leading the four corners of the world. The unified moral teachings harmonize diverse customs. Different customs merge together, bringing peace to all nations. The Emperor champions simplicity and promotes integrity and virtue, upholding the royal road, and setting ambitious goals.
—The above is Chapter Eleven of "East-West Chamber Music Poem."
How magnificent our imperial ancestors are! They are wise and talented, establishing a great legacy and fulfilling the mandate of heaven. They have accomplished great feats, bringing about auspicious scenes. They educate the people, guiding them like the stars in the sky.
Emperor Jing is both wise and insightful, with remarkable achievements, bringing peace to all corners and strengthening national authority. He educates the people, serves as a role model, reinforces the national framework, and inherits and advances the legacy of his ancestors.
The late emperor was both literary and martial, born at the right moment, his virtues as vast as the universe, and achievements as enduring as the changing seasons. He ruled the country wisely, and the people lived in peace and happiness. He ushered in the prosperous era of the Jin Dynasty and ascended to the throne.
The current emperor, virtuous and god-like, inherited the throne in harmony with the divine will, loving his people like his own children, kind and generous. He practices benevolence, and the country flourishes day by day.
- The above is from the "Yale Zhengdan Dahui Xingli Shi" four chapters
"Zhengde Dance" Song Poem:
The emperor is like the heavens, with all-seeing eyes. The divine artifacts are passed down through generations, and the five virtues continue to cycle. The rule of the Jin Dynasty is blessed by heaven, with wise rulers appearing generation after generation. The emperor educates the world and nurtures the people. His grace shines upon the earth, reaching far and wide. The people live in peace and happiness, with a good social atmosphere. The dynasty is clear and bright, with music and rituals flourishing. The music resonates in the heavens, while the court dances are elegant. The dance expresses celebration, with harmonious and pleasant music. "Zhengde Dance" surpasses "Wu Dance" and "Huo Dance," displaying six virtues. The dancers move with grace, subtly influencing others. The atmosphere of harmony pervades, connecting heaven and earth.
"Dayu Dance" Song Poem:
It is said that the Great Jin Dynasty is truly heaven-sent, with the country flourishing, three generations of emperors shining successively, the country and people prospering, and the world at peace. Our emperor has inherited the legacy of his ancestors, governing the country with the steadiness of the North Star. The people all submit to him, and all nations bow to the Great Jin Dynasty. The emperor governs diligently and loves his people, following the Five Classics, promoting wise teachings, and all people under heaven follow the same system, with unity and stability within the four seas. The emperor also established the "Dayu" music chapter to praise his achievements. The country has a pure atmosphere, the path of righteousness is thriving, blessings extend to all living things, and the common people praise the emperor endlessly. The golden age of the Great Jin Dynasty will endure for generations.
This poem was used by noblemen to wish the emperor a long life. The poem reads: "A toast to the emperor, may joy never cease. Great Jin rejoices in the heavenly mandate, may the emperor's reign know no bounds." It means wishing the emperor long life, and that the Great Jin dynasty will prosper forever.
The emperor arrives, nations pay their respects, civil and military officials in the court, all talented and virtuous. The emperor's grace is widely known, governing the country with wisdom. Today, a grand banquet is held to entertain the guests, with a grand and joyous atmosphere. Officials bow in respect, adhering to solemn etiquette, the sounds of gold and jade resound through the heavens.
At this banquet, where etiquette and music abound, guests fill the seats. Everyone wishes the emperor good health and prosperity, and a flourishing nation. Officials come to offer congratulations, creating a scene of lively celebration. Toasts and gifts are exchanged, with an abundance of food and fine wine, laughter and joy filling the air.
Just imagine, peace reigns throughout the land, with a harmonious social atmosphere, music playing, celebrating the era of prosperity. Yearly harvests, national prosperity, and peace, this glorious era brings endless joy! The emperor is wise and valiant, ministers loyal and dedicated, good weather and social harmony.
Various auspicious signs appear, indicating the emperor's virtue, with mythical creatures appearing and bountiful harvests, blessings from the heavens bestowed upon the emperor. The emperor inherits the throne, ruling over all nations, governing in accordance with the heavenly mandate and embodying saintly virtues. The Great Jin dynasty shines for generations, establishing a remarkable legacy, with distinguished literary and military achievements, and notable virtues. The Great Jin dynasty is destined to prosper forever!
During the Taishi era, the phoenix and dragon prospered; the flourishing scene of this prosperous era is truly a blessing for all generations! Our country is vast and rich in resources, the people live in peace and happiness, detailed records are found in historical books, and ancient artifacts serve as evidence. The emperor's virtues shine brightly and magnificently, righteousness flourishes, national prestige spreads far and wide, reaching the heavens. The descendants prosper and thrive, shining brightly, for eternity; the nation's prosperity endures alongside the heavens!
This wise emperor governs the world, in accordance with the will of heaven and the hearts of the people. The glory of the three dynasties is revived, laying the foundation for a great legacy during the Taishi era. The emperor's merits shine upon the sun and moon, his blessings extend through all four seasons. The world is at peace, the people are happy; truly a scene of prosperity! Well done, the Yongxi era of prosperity!
All of this is the decree of heaven, blessing the righteous and wise emperor. Like the ancient Three Emperors, his virtues continue to flourish, mastering the laws of celestial bodies and commanding the seven planets. Each official fulfills their duties, governance is clear and effective, as if they were gods among men. The world is united in heart and virtue, cultivating a spirit of benevolence and righteousness, aiding the people, nurturing all things, like the ancient gods of creation, blessings spread throughout the world. Countless talents emerge, spreading virtue and blessings to future generations.
The ancestral temples stand solemn and dignified, the imperial palace stands with its four gates wide open; everything is in perfect order. The emperor governs diligently and loves the people, attending to countless affairs each day, even forgoing rest despite hunger and fatigue. After the grand sacrificial ceremonies, the joyous music fills the air.
The emperor ascended to Kunlun Mountain, ascended to Zengcheng, rode a flying dragon, and rose into the clear sky. He wore the crown of the sun and moon, adorned with five stars, draped in a rainbow, held the comet flag in his hand, and was enveloped in auspicious clouds, immersed in a scene of prosperity. He inspected the four corners, visited the heavenly court, aligned with the principles of heaven and earth, harmonized yin and yang, regulated the four seasons, illuminated the world, cast the celestial net, restored order, spread the wind of benevolence and righteousness, benefited the world, promoted the great transformation, displayed divine power, embraced the entire realm, accepted the nine barbarians, met at the Changhe Gate, and banqueted at the Purple Palace.
He erected five flags, arranged the bells and chimes, lined up the troops of the four counties, played the "Shao" and "Wu" music, and the resonant sounds of bells and stones filled the air. The banners fluttered, the Eight Yis and Bayu dances twirled gracefully, the melodies of "Ya" and "Song" floated through the air, and the music was harmonious as everyone celebrated the merits of the holy lord together.
The emperor's merits are vast, a gentle breeze caressed the face, he leads heroes and valiant men, creates the universe, sweeps away the four barbarians, radiating brilliance, extolling the wise and enlightened monarch, surpassing the generations, promoting achievements, leaving a lasting legacy, illustrious for generations to come!
Let's start by reading this poem, praising the merits of our ancestors and the flourishing era of the current emperor. The poem says that our ancestors were wise and martial, assisting the wise monarch and establishing a great foundation, truly immeasurable merits! The emperor has also inherited the excellent qualities of his ancestors, governing the country well, bringing peace to the world, and the people live in peace and contentment, truly admired by all!
Next is the description of the music and dance performance scene. The poem mentions that the emperor is extremely majestic, civil and military officials were all impeccably dressed in anticipation, the scene is grand and majestic, truly breathtaking! Look at this poem where it says "with the brilliance of our emperor, courtesy and benevolence," the emperor is kind, highly respected, shining like the sun and moon, as vast as heaven and earth! The officials waited for the emperor's arrival, and then they enjoyed a sumptuous feast together, enjoying splendid song and dance performances, truly lively and extraordinary!
The poem also describes the scene at the banquet, where everyone is orderly and harmonious. The atmosphere is solemn and festive, and the emperor is dignified and steady. It is truly awe-inspiring! You see, with the "laws and regulations in place, the feast officially begins," and the civil and military officials are seated in their places, each dignified and orderly. The banquet proceeds without a hitch; everyone is happy, and the emperor maintains a humble and gentle attitude throughout. It is absolutely perfect!
Finally, the poem summarizes the splendor of the entire event, praising the prosperity of the Great Song Dynasty and the emperor's wisdom and virtues. What a peaceful and prosperous era it is! The poem says, "Great is the Song Dynasty, flourishing for a long time," the Great Song Dynasty shines magnificently, filled with thriving auspicious energy! The emperor is exceptionally wise, blessed by the heavens, establishing the great Song Dynasty and leading the nation to prosperity. This is truly an admirable achievement! The poem concludes with, "Offering longevity and celebrating the holy emperor," as everyone raises their glasses, wishing the emperor a long and prosperous life. It is truly a joyous ending!
Glorious ancestors, supporting the world in time. Bringing peace to the six realms, fulfilling the mandate in due time. With martial spirit soaring, fostering great change. Broadening the imperial streets, establishing the emperor's foundation.
Radiant and majestic emperor, unmatched in valor. Rectifying the times, saving the common people, resting in accomplishments that cover the world. The universe is at peace, and the nine regions thrive. Heaven's mandate shines down, enlightening the auspicious reign.
Solemn and distinguished examinations, excelling in wisdom and talent. Inheriting heavenly virtues, gaining the blessings of the spirits. Founding the imperial business, bringing prosperity to the realm. Carrying on virtues for generations, bestowing bountiful blessings.
Bright and holy emperor, the dragon soars majestically in the sky. In harmony with the spirits, understanding the profound virtues. Greeting the clear skies above, nurturing the depths below. Receiving the blessings of the spirits, for countless generations.
- From the Right Ya Music, the ritual poem for the New Year's grand ceremony, in fifteen chapters
To honor our emperor with courtesy and kindness. Equaling the brightness of the sun and moon, measuring the expanse of heaven and earth. Choosing from among the hundred kings, inspecting the Yellow Court. Discussing and deliberating to shape destiny, proclaiming to all corners.
After the banquet, the loyal officials assembled. In splendid attire, they awaited the dawn and set off to pay their respects at court. Enjoying a feast of delicacies, they reveled in the melodies of the Nine Songs. Looking up to the heavens, they praised the emperor's wisdom and virtue.
The laws were established, and the banquet was lavish. The distinguished officials took their places, and the emperor presided. The wine flowed freely, and the decorum was abundant. With warmth and respect for their emperor, they remained as steadfast as ever.
The Nine Achievements were sung, and the legacy of the Six Dynasties was honored. Virtue shone through the music, and the teachings were conveyed through poetry. Peace and harmony reigned, and all things flourished. The blessings accumulated from distant lands culminated in this celebration.
The song of the Four Seasons was performed in four movements, with various arrangements for the emperor's entrance. (As the guests entered, the "Yu Shuo" song was performed in the four corners. When the emperor arrived, the "Jiang Jiang" song was played in the four corners. As the emperor changed attire, the "Yu Shuo" and "Jiang Jiang" songs were performed in the four corners. Additionally, the "Fa Zhang" and "Nine Achievements" songs were played in the two corners with the Huang Zhong and Tai Cu instruments.)
Great is the Song Dynasty, flourishing and bright. Its lineage proudly traces back to the Han and Tang dynasties. Its virtue shines brightly, radiating glory. United with the heavens, they rule over the four directions.
Oh, the imperial Song Dynasty, with its sacred virtue and divine blessings. The mandate from heaven bestows a peaceful reign. The dragon soars to the purple pole, establishing the Song capital. The light illuminates the universe, shining brightly.
Two chapters of the Grand Ceremony song were performed. (Performed in the Guxi chamber.)
Offering a toast, celebrating the holy emperor. The spiritual blessings of yin and yang, and the radiance of the three lights.
It is said that this song, "The Righteous Song for the King's Birthday Celebration," was written in the Huang Zhong palace tune, praising the emperor of the Song Dynasty for his achievements and birthday. The song begins by praising, "The bright Song Dynasty, the flourishing path of the imperial way. The heavens bestow grace, securing the nation." It means that the Song Dynasty is upright and bright, the imperial family follows the right path, and by the grace of heaven, the country is safe and prosperous. It goes on to say, "With the nation secured, all nations pay tribute. Rich in rituals and music, majestic and noble." This means that during the secure years of the nation, all nations come to pay tribute, with grand ceremonies and rich music, the people are prosperous, and the entire country presents a scene of prosperity and flourishing.
In celebration of this moment, may the Song Dynasty continue to thrive in peace and harmony.
Then in the song, it uses the phrase "the waters flow from the Mian River to the heavenly pool. Abundant tributes and dignified presence" to metaphorically describe the grand and solemn scene of the nations coming to pay tribute. It goes on to say, "Having mastered the demeanor, yet remaining at ease with manners. When one person embodies this, it sets an example for all nations." This means that the emperor not only emphasizes etiquette but also focuses on self-cultivation, setting an example that impacts the entire country, causing all nations to submit. It then praises the emperor's sagacity: "Oh, our emperor, truly a sage born of heaven. From the very beginning, bringing auspicious signs and celebrations to the country." "May he endure like the heavens and flourish like the sun. Enjoying endless blessings, possessing eternal life." It is a wish for the emperor to have a long and prosperous life like the heavens and the sun, enjoying boundless blessings and a long life. Next are the three songs sung in front of the palace, accompanied by metallic instruments, with a grand and majestic atmosphere. "With the morning sun shining, all things are illuminated. Celebrating the three reigns with an abundance of rituals and music." The song describes the scene of the sunrise, with all things bathed in sunlight, and praises the grandeur of the rituals and music during the three reigns of Jiaqing. On the day of the New Year, the ceremonial system is further refined, nations come to congratulate, the imperial palace is filled with people, civil and military officials gather in one place, "Many scholars occupy the nine ranks, bowing in admiration of the jade tones. With respect and admiration, they carry the brilliance. Drums and bells echo through the heavens, etiquette fills the imperial court." The scene is grand and solemn, the sounds of rituals and music echo through the heavens, and the entire imperial palace is immersed in a festive and harmonious atmosphere. "Thinking of joy until the end, may blessings and longevity accompany him." This expresses blessings for the emperor, wishing him a long and prosperous life.
"Five pieces of jade, three bolts of silk. Your highness, noble lords, the sound of jade music fills the grand palace." The song describes the scene of courtiers presenting treasures, with the jade music playing in the beautiful palace, creating a solemn and dignified atmosphere. "The holy queen descends to receive the tribute, facing south. The emperor accepts the congratulations from all nations, with joy shared between ruler and subjects. Peace! A joyous feast for ruler and subjects." The queen also participates in the ceremony, the emperor receives congratulations from all nations, and there is harmony between ruler and subjects, creating a peaceful atmosphere. "Raising five banners, establishing four territories. Music infused with culture, rituals without weariness. Embodying the royal spirit, a harmonious transformation." The song depicts a grand celebration and the flourishing of music and rituals, showcasing the royal dignity and style. "Harmony and balance, feeling the harmony of yin and yang. Virtue is gentle, bringing prosperity and peace. Auspicious symbols and jade treasures, welcoming the auspicious bell. Dancing phoenixes, leaping dragons." The song praises the emperor's virtues, likening them to the harmony of yin and yang, his benevolence influencing all things, bringing auspicious signs, like dancing phoenixes and leaping dragons. "Stars align, sweet dew falls. Trees intertwine, grains grow together. Profound transformations, benevolent influence spreads. Great fortunes and auspicious signs, reaching the divine symbols." A variety of auspicious omens are used to extol the emperor's wisdom, heralding a brighter future for the nation. "Embracing the borderlands, soothing the people. Blessed by the heavens, all are invited. All are invited, a long-lasting prosperity. Bright and wise, abundant celebrations." The emperor soothes the borderlands, bringing comfort to the people, blessed by the heavens, all nations come to pay tribute, promising everlasting prosperity for the realm. "Abundant celebrations, Emperor Xi ascends. Harmonizing the energies, the people rejoice. The three spirits unite, heralding a new era under the new emperor." Praising the emperor's merits, the people live in peace and happiness, with divine blessings, heralding a hopeful era under the new emperor.
Finally, "the emperor's way is all-encompassing, benevolence and virtue spread to all corners. Exploring principles and singing praises to the heavens, imparting teachings to follow the emperor's ways. Spiritual transformation mirrors the four seasons, profound sincerity communicates in silence. Virtue and blessings spread to all corners, bringing peace and stability to all nations." Summarizing the emperor's way of governing, his benevolence reaches all corners of the world, his teachings are like the heavens, his virtue and blessings extend to all directions, and all nations follow his rule.
This song praises the peaceful and prosperous era, beginning with: the emperor is wise and martial, the world is peaceful, rituals prosper in the court, and remote regions have submitted. Look at those ethnic minorities, all dressed in our Han attire, accepting our culture. Blessed by heaven, grace widely spread, the emperor's teachings are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, his virtues shining brightly!
The following part praises the flourishing era of Kaiyuan; since the emperor ascended the throne, envoys from all nations come to pay tribute and taxes, subjects obey the emperor's will, learning laws and regulations, enjoying the peace and happiness brought by the prosperous era, praising the emperor's merits, immersed in a peaceful atmosphere—this prosperous scene is destined to endure!
Moving forward, it praises the Yongchu era, the emperor's noble virtues, well-governed country, implementation of various policies, social stability, people living in peace and contentment, the emperor's grace knows no bounds, the world is peaceful, the emperor's teachings deeply rooted, solemn and grand sacrificial activities, the country's prosperity, and long-lasting blessings.
This part describes grand sacrificial ceremonies, a complete system of ritual music, a full range of musical instruments, classical music performances, grand scenes, melodious singing, beautiful dances, fully embodying the prosperity of the era, praising the emperor's civil and military achievements.
Lastly, this part praises the emperor's benevolence, the world's peace, peaceful borders, people living in peace and contentment, good social atmosphere—this prosperous scene will continue forever, and the emperor's merits will be celebrated for generations to come.
The Right Feast of Songs consists of ten chapters. (Huang Zhong and Tai Cu each composed one part. Huang Zhong composed five songs: "Morning Radiance," "Body to Harmony," "Royal Way," "Kaiyuan Chen," and "Li You Rong." Tai Cu composed five songs: "Five Jades," "Huai Huang Yi," "Huang You Ji," "Wei Yong Chu," and "Royal Way Pure.") These ten songs are divided into two parts, with Huang Zhong and Tai Cu taking turns performing. Huang Zhong performs five songs: "Morning Radiance," "Body to Harmony," "Royal Way," "Kaiyuan Chen," and "Li You Rong"; Tai Cu performs five songs: "Five Jades," "Huai Huang Yi," "Huang You Ji," "Wei Yong Chu," and "Royal Way Pure."
The final paragraph describes a grand sacrificial dance scene, as if blessed by heavenly omens, with sunlight shining, music and dance in harmony, creating a grand and magnificent spectacle. Both the singing and dancing express praise for the emperor's virtues. This flourishing era will endure eternally, and the emperor will always be remembered by future generations.
The chapter on the Right "Pre-Dance Song." (Jin Dynasty's "Zheng De Dance," composed by Rui Bin Xiang.) This is a song for sacrificial dance, adapted from the Jin Dynasty's "Zheng De Dance," performed by Rui Bin Xiang.
After the emperor ascended the throne, his grace extended throughout the world, and his accumulated merits filled the country. Just like a dragon soaring in the sky, his virtue influenced all nations. The emperor's sagacity is like that of a god, profound and composed in the court. Without saying much, he can influence all things, benefiting everyone. The emperor reports his achievements to the heavens and inscribes his merits. He is diligent, kind, and gentle, following the will of heaven to establish order, thus ensuring the stability and peace of the country, both at home and abroad. Crowned in majesty, he governs the realm. Then, the emperor performs the "Da Yu" dance, as if in harmonious unity with heaven and earth, wishing for national peace and prosperity for generations to come. (The above is the "Post-Dance Song" chapter, from the Jin Dynasty's "Da Yu Dance," composed by Rui Bin Xiang.)
Next are the lyrics of the "Su Cheng Yue" composition performed by guests, totaling two chapters:
The first verse of the lyrics means: We inherit the traditional virtue of filial piety and respectfully serve the enlightened ruler. People from all over the country gather to pay tribute, expressing congratulations to the emperor. The ceremony is conducted by the officiants following the established rituals, the procession is grand and orderly, the air is rich with fragrance, and the palace is decorated luxuriously. Precious treasures are displayed in the hall, and the courtyard is filled with an abundance of fine wines and delicacies. Musical instruments play, songs are melodious, the sacrificial rituals have been meticulously prepared, and everything is in perfect order. We respectfully face the gods, and the emperor's grand celebration is blessed by heaven.
The second verse of the lyrics means: We respectfully observe the rituals of sacrifice, and the emperor's majestic presence illuminates all. We promptly and reverently carry out the sacrificial rites, with abundant and exquisite offerings. The imperial palace is solemn and majestic, with a solid and towering foundation. The emperor's spirit blesses us, and all officials perform their duties. We devoutly await the arrival of the night, standing in formation to greet the rising sun. As the sun rises in the east, all things bask in the sunlight, an auspicious aura fills the atmosphere, and the splendid sacrificial ceremony is truly awe-inspiring. May the emperor's virtuous deeds be passed down for eternity, and may the country prosper.
Next is the lyrics of the "Music of Offering Sacrifices" played during the offering of sacrifices: With sincere hearts, we humbly offer our sacrifices to the deities. We present exquisite grains and meticulously prepared offerings. The plump livestock stands ready, and the altar is filled with abundant offerings. We offer sacrifices to our ancestors and express loyalty to the emperor. The air is filled with fragrance, the fire shines brightly, and the gods watch over us; everything appears so beautiful and solemn.
The last is the lyrics of the "Music of Offering Beans, Fur, and Blood" played during the offering of beans, fur, and blood. The lyrics for this part are not available for translation.
The sacrificial ceremony was grand and orderly, truly "beginning the sacrifice with solemnity, observing all rites. Decorating the six classics with care, arranging the nine ministries in order." Look at the fat and strong livestock selected for the sacrifice; the procession was arranged so neatly, "the livestock are healthy and radiant, the rites are firm and orderly." Everyone cleaned diligently, serving the gods devoutly, "with respect and purity, devoted solely to the gods." The offerings were neatly arranged, and the sacrificial procedures were meticulous, "adding the baskets and royal utensils, presenting the sacrificial vessels. Moving gracefully, with a sound like flowing gold." The entire sacrificial scene was solemn and dignified, with a reverent atmosphere, "vibrant yet solemn, harmonious yet strict. Pure and sincere in the evening, dignified and bright in the morning." May heaven bless our emperor, and may the country prosper and flourish, "may the divine spirit find peace, supporting our emperor. Above, pacifying the four directions, below, influencing the myriad nations." This sacrificial activity expresses respect for our ancestors, "eternally honoring our ancestors with grace." All participants in the sacrifice fulfilled their duties meticulously, "attendants and ministers standing in praise, solemn and respectful." Next are the lyrics of the music played during the welcoming of the gods, with a melodious voice and a peaceful atmosphere: "The palace is dark, the hall is faint. The jade shines clear and bright, the candlelight is glowing. The divine garments are solemn, the jade hall is fragrant. The circular fire shines in the evening, the square water is clear in the morning. The golden branches sway gently in the trees, the emerald steps stand in the county. The waves are calm at night, the Milky Way floats in the sky. The ceremony begins early, with devout hearts. Looking up to the imperial spirit, bowing down in search of blessings." The lyrics describe the solemn scene of the sacrificial ceremony and the sincere prayers of the people, seeking blessings from above.
When the emperor entered the north gate of the temple, the music performed was "Eternal Joy," with solemn and respectful lyrics: "The emperor shines with virtue, demonstrating his filial piety. The dragon and phoenix feathers flutter, flowing like the Han River. The night is auspicious, the morning is peaceful. Walking amidst golden splendor, stepping to the jade winds of 'Shao.' Adhering to the rituals, solemnly making offerings." These lyrics depict the emperor's solemn procession and devout sacrificial behavior, expressing respect for ancestors and blessings for the country.
The Grand Preceptor performed music at the sacrificial altar, singing two chapters praising the emperor's filial piety and the solemnity of the sacrifice: "The emperor graciously accepts the offerings, diligently practicing every day. Passing through the nine gates, entering the four spiritual chambers. The solemn music resounds, with the dancers and musicians. Offering a feast to the spirits, presenting the fragrant offerings. Adorning with jade and arranging with cassia. The officials carefully select the rituals, honoring the rites with respect and reverence. Upholding the sacrificial rites, reverently observing filial piety. The rituals must be flawless; the sincerity must not be in vain. The essence of the libation is pure, the sincerity is clear. Singing to enhance the ceremony, playing the music to adjust the atmosphere. The emperor's heart is steadfast, honoring and respecting the ancestors. Great is filial piety, reaching the level of communicating with the gods." The lyrics praise the emperor's filial piety and the solemnity of the sacrifice, expressing wishes for the prosperity of the country.
Finally, at the shrine of the Empress Dowager Zhang, the music played was the dance "Zhang's Virtue and Triumph," with lyrics honoring the virtuous and revered empress: "The mysterious and auspicious spirits, praising the virtuous and saintly empress. Enhancing the glorious writings, spreading the light of honor and celebration. The auspicious signs are intertwined, the praises are adorned. Forever belonging to the brilliance, connecting with the prosperous destiny." The lyrics praise the Empress Dowager's virtue and pray for the eternal prosperity of the country. The entire sacrificial ceremony was marked by solemnity and reverence, imbued with awe for the spirits and hopes for the nation's prosperity.
In the shrine of the late Empress Dowager, the music played was the dance "Zhao's Virtue and Triumph," with lyrics written by the Ming Emperor:
"The spirit of the late empress is remarkably powerful, inheriting the excellent virtues of her ancestors, radiating brilliance, spreading her grace and wisdom across the realm, with remarkable military achievements, leaving a good reputation in the palace.
Next, in the sacred chamber of Empress Xuan, the music and dance of "Xuande Kairong" were performed, with lyrics written by the Ming Emperor:
"The heavens shine brightly, the earth glows with radiance. Interweaving light across the ages, celebrating auspicious signs. Filling the cosmos with auspicious energy, intertwining with the heavens. Singing praises of virtue, transmitting her illustrious name."
Then, the emperor returned to the eastern hall and performed the music and dance of "Jiashi" at the ceremony of receiving blessings:
"Offering rituals, ensuring peace and prosperity. The emperor's divine favor, consolidating peace and prosperity. Governing with great fortune, dwelling in the palace of fortune. Enlightening the four quarters, extending blessings across the eight directions. Spreading benevolence throughout the land, illuminating the heavens with brilliance. Blessings entwined with the world, eternal greatness without boundaries."
As the spirits were bid farewell, the music and dance of "Zhaoxia" were performed, featuring two verses of lyrics:
"Immense filial piety, abundant offerings. Spirits at peace, filled with joy. Soaring chariots, spanning the blue sky. Reaching out to the eight directions, dispelling the four voids. Breathtaking scenery, solemn winds in procession." "Embodiment of noble teachings, capturing grace. Longing for the royal spirits, fostering deep reverence. Unfurling feathers, pausing by the splendid tree. Transcending the mundane, bearing the jade carriage. Flowing with grandeur, honoring the nation's strides." These lyrics express reverence and nostalgia for ancestors, praising grand sacrificial ceremonies, conveying deep longing for ancestors, and praying for the peace and prosperity of the country. Finally, the emperor performed the dance of "Xiucheng" in the side hall: "Pouring libations, presenting sacred offerings. Feasting sincerely, with rituals and melodies resounding. With blessings and words concluded, maintaining order and decorum. Carriages gliding through the courtyard, returning to the majestic palace. Divine rituals in place, with the imperial pavilion standing silent. Guarded by the Eight Spirits, under the guidance of the Three Deities. Emerald canopies gleaming, brilliance gathered within the palace. Jade reins at rest, golden carriage echoing with music. Sincerely devoted to filial piety, profoundly moved at heart. Following the emperor's example, upholding the ancient traditions. Bestowing blessings and prosperity, radiating brightly in all directions. Looking up to the emperor's emblem, paying homage to all the people." These lyrics describe the grandeur of the sacrificial ceremony, expressing the emperor's sincere filial piety, praying for the blessings of the spirits, the prosperity of the nation, and the happiness of the people.
