When Tang Yao was in power, the country established twelve administrative regions. Later, Da Yu successfully managed the water and reorganized the nine provinces. Jizhou was the location of Yao's capital city, making it the largest region! Yanzhou's area included the Ji and Yellow Rivers; Qingzhou included the sea and Mount Tai; Xuzhou included the sea, Mount Tai, and the Huai River; Yangzhou included the Huai River and the sea; Jingzhou included Mount Jing and Hengyang; Yuzhou included Mount Jing and the Yellow River; Liangzhou included Huayang and the Black Water; Yongzhou included the Black Water and the Western River. From the time of Yushun to the Yin Dynasty, the division of these nine provinces remained the same. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, Xuzhou and Qingzhou were merged, Liangzhou and Yongzhou were also merged, and part of Jizhou's territory was separated to establish Youzhou and Bingzhou. In the early Han Dynasty, Xuzhou and Liangzhou were reestablished. Emperor Wu of Han defeated the Xiongnu and the Baiyue, expanded the territory, established Jiaozhi Commandery in the south, established Shuofang Commandery in the north, renamed Yongzhou to Liangzhou, and renamed Liangzhou to Yizhou, bringing the total to thirteen provinces, along with the Sili region overseeing the Sanfu and Sanhe counties. Later, the Shuofang Commandery disappeared from the Eastern Capital, and Jiaozhi Commandery was renamed Jiaozhou, totaling twelve provinces, while the areas governed by the Sili region remained unchanged. During the Three Kingdoms era, the Wu Kingdom occupied Yangzhou, Jingzhou, and Jiaozhou; the Shu Kingdom occupied Yizhou; and the Wei Kingdom remained with nine provinces. The Wu Kingdom further divided Jiaozhou into two regions: Jiaozhou and Guangzhou. After the Wei Kingdom conquered the Shu Kingdom, it further divided Yizhou into Yizhou and Liangzhou. In the first year of Emperor Wu of Jin, the world was unified, totaling sixteen provinces. Later, Liangzhou and Yongzhou were divided into Liangzhou and Qinzhou, Jingzhou and Yangzhou were divided into Jingzhou and Jiangzhou, Yizhou was divided into Yizhou and Ningzhou, Youzhou was divided into Youzhou and Pingzhou, eventually increasing the total to twenty provinces.
Legend has it that after the northern minority groups invaded the Central Plains, the states of Sizhou, Jizhou, Yongzhou, Liangzhou, Qingzhou, Bingzhou, Yanzhou, Yuzhou, Youzhou, Pingzhou, and others were swiftly occupied. The Han people migrated southward, and the imperial court set up new states and counties in the south. The southern region divided Jingzhou into Xiangzhou, as these states and counties frequently split and merged. At that time, the southern region included Yangzhou, Jingzhou, Xiangzhou, Jiangzhou, Liangzhou, Yizhou, Jiaozhou, and Guangzhou, while over half of the original Xuzhou territory was lost, leaving only one city, Qiaocheng, in Yuzhou. By the time of the Song Dynasty, the situation had become even more chaotic, with Yangzhou split into South Xuzhou and Xuzhou divided into South Yanzhou, and the western part of Yangzhou was reassigned to Yuzhou. Jingzhou was divided into Yongzhou, Jingzhou and Xiangzhou were split into Yingshou, Jingzhou was further divided into Sizhou, Guangzhou was divided into Yuezhou, Qingzhou was divided into Jizhou, and Liangzhou was divided into North and South Qinzhou. During the reign of Emperor Tai Zong of Northern Wei, the northern nomadic tribes invaded the south again, and the areas of Qingzhou, Jizhou, Xuzhou, Yanzhou, and Huai West in Yuzhou could not be defended, all falling into enemy hands. North of the Huai River became enemy territory. Therefore, the court established Xuzhou in Zhongli, North Yanzhou in Huaiyin, and the administrative centers of Qingzhou and Jizhou were established in Ganyu County. This book primarily references the eighth year of the Ming Dynasty, with later divisions of states and counties documented according to the actual circumstances of the time. Regarding the establishment of the Neishi, marquisates, and feudal states, the end of the Ming Dynasty is taken as the reference point.
The geographical situation is constantly changing, and there are too many details to cover! The main reason is that the names of states and counties are frequently changed, and the boundaries are also frequently redrawn. Sometimes a district or county can be split into four or five sections; these sections are often merged or split again, changing thousands of times, and it’s impossible to make sense of it with simple calculations. Therefore, I consulted the geographical records by Ban Gu and Ma Biao, the household registration during the Taikang and Yuankang periods, Wang Yin's "Di Dao Ji," the "Qiju Zhu" and "Yongchu Jun Guo Zhi" of the Jin Dynasty, He Xu's "Zhou Jun Zhi," and some other geographical books, cross-referencing and verifying them repeatedly. Moreover, there weren't any dedicated geographical records during the Three Kingdoms period, and related records are scattered throughout the imperial annals. Although the establishment of counties is documented, the establishment of districts is not recorded. Therefore, I can only rely on the "Xu Han Jun Guo Zhi" to cross-check the "Taikang Di Zhi," noting the differences and confirming them. From the Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, if there were no relocations or changes to counties, it is noted as "Han old" in the book; if there were relocations, the sources are traced based on historical materials and carefully distinguished. If the book simply states that "a certain place does not exist," it indicates that the place existed previously; if the establishment time is not mentioned, it represents a missing entry in historical records.
The jurisdiction of the governor of Yangzhou was not formally established during the Western Han Dynasty; this was also the case for other provinces. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was responsible for Liyang; during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it governed Shou Chun; and after the Jin Dynasty conquered the Wu Kingdom, it governed Jianye. In the fourth year of the Xiankang reign of Emperor Cheng, Wei Commandery was newly established (details to be provided later), along with Feixiang (details to be provided later) and Yuancheng (an ancient county from the Han Dynasty that was part of Yangping Commandery during the Jin Dynasty), two counties. Later, Yuancheng was abolished. Guangchuan Commandery was newly established (details to be provided later), which included one county. In the Jiangzuo area, Gaoyang (details to be provided later) and Tangyi (details to be provided later) were established. Gaoyang Commandery had Beixincheng (details to be provided later) and Bolu (Bolu County, a fief of Huo Guang, but there was no such county in the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties; it belonged to Gaoyang Commandery of the Jin Dynasty) under its jurisdiction. Tangyi Commandery had one county under its jurisdiction. Later, Tangyi Commandery was abolished and merged into Gaoyang Commandery, which was then abolished and merged into Wei Commandery, all under the jurisdiction of Yangzhou, with its administrative center in Jingyi. In the eleventh year of Emperor Wen's Yuanjia reign, these commanderies were abolished, and the local residents were relocated to Jiankang. In the first year of the Yongguang reign of Emperor Qianfei, the counties of Kuaiji, Dongyang, Xin'an, Yongjia, and Linhai within Yangzhou were separated, and East Yangzhou was established. In the third year of the Daming reign, East Yangzhou was dissolved and incorporated into Wangji (the emperor's direct jurisdiction). The officials overseeing these counties reported to the Southern Court Attendant, and East Yangzhou fell directly under Yangzhou's jurisdiction. Eight years later, East Yangzhou was restored. In the first year of the Yongguang reign of Emperor Qianfei, East Yangzhou was abolished and merged into Yangzhou. In the third year of Emperor Shundi's Shengming reign, the position of the Yangzhou governor was renamed to Yangzhou Governor. The Yangzhou Governor governed ten commanderies, eighty counties, with a population of 143,296 households and 1,455,685 residents.
Danyang Prefecture, originally part of the Zhang Commandery of the Qin Dynasty, was situated in present-day Zhang County, Wuxing Commandery. In the early Han Dynasty, it belonged to the state of Wu, but after the rebellion of King Liu Bi of Wu failed, it became part of the Jiangdu state. In the second year of Han Emperor Wu, Danyang Commandery was established, with its administrative center located in Wanling County, Xuancheng Commandery. In the second year of Jin Emperor Wu, a part of Danyang Commandery was separated to establish Xuancheng Commandery, with its administrative center in Wanling, while the administrative center of Danyang Commandery was moved to Jianye. In the first year of Emperor Yuan of the Jin Dynasty, Danyang Commandery was renamed Danyang Prefecture. Danyang Prefecture governed eight counties, with a population of 41,110 households and 237,341 people.
Jiankang County, formerly called Moling County, was established in the sixteenth year of the Jian'an era of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty. Sun Quan renamed Moling to Jianye. After Jin Emperor Wu pacified the state of Wu, Jianye was changed back to Moling. In the third year of Taikang of the Jin Dynasty, the northern part of Moling County was separated to establish Jianye County. After Emperor Min ascended the throne, to avoid the use of the emperor's name, Jianye was changed to Jiankang.
Let's talk about Moling County first of all. It was originally called Jinling, a name changed by Qin Shi Huang. The county office was originally sixty li away from the capital city, and the ruins of that old county office are still there, in that village. Later, in the ninth year of the Yixi era of Emperor An of Jin, the county office moved to the capital city, in the area of the fighting arena. Later, in the first year of Emperor Gong of Jin, the position of the Military Officer of the Yangzhou Prefecture was abolished, and the county office moved to the former office location of the Military Officer.
Danyang County, on the other hand, was an old county from the Han Dynasty. As for Jiangning County, it was split off from Moling County in the first year of Jin Emperor Taikang and renamed Jiangning County the following year.
Yongshi County, which was carved out of Liyang County by the Wu Kingdom and initially named Yongping County, was renamed in the first year of the Taikang era under Emperor Wu of Jin. During the reign of Emperor Hui, it was briefly incorporated into Yixing Commandery before reverting to its original status. Yixing Commandery also included Pingling County. Dong Lan's "Wu Dizhi" stated that Yongshi County was separated during the Jin Dynasty, but it is not mentioned in the "Taikang Dizhi" or "Yongning Dizhi," so it is believed to have been established by the Jiangzuo region itself. In the ninth year of Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, Yongshi County was consolidated with Liyang County.
Liyang County, an ancient county that has existed since the Han Dynasty, was abolished during the Wu Kingdom period and converted into a garrison institution, but was restored during the first year of Emperor Wu of Jin, Taikang.
Hushu County, another ancient county dating back to the Han Dynasty, was abolished during the Wu Kingdom period and converted into a Dian Nongduwei, but was restored during the first year of Emperor Wu of Jin, Taikang.
Jurong County, also an ancient county that has existed since the Han Dynasty.
Next is the Prefect of Kuaiji Commandery, established during the Qin Dynasty, with its administrative center in Wuxian. In the fourth year of Emperor Shun of Han, Kuaiji Commandery was divided into Wu Commandery, and the capital of Kuaiji Commandery was moved to Shanyin County. Kuaiji Commandery oversaw ten counties, with a total of 52,228 households and a population of 348,114. The distance from the capital to Kuaiji Commandery was 1,355 li by both water and land.
Shanyin County, an ancient county that has existed since the Han Dynasty.
Yongxing County, originally Yuyi County of the Han Dynasty, was renamed by the Wu Kingdom.
Shangyu County, an ancient county that has existed since the Han Dynasty.
Yuyao County, an ancient county that has existed since the Han Dynasty.
Shan County, an ancient county that has existed since the Han Dynasty.
Zhuji County, an ancient county that has existed since the Han Dynasty.
Shining County, referenced in He Chengtian's writings, was separated from Shangyu County at the end of the Han Dynasty. He Xun's "Continuation of Kuaiji Records" stated that it was separated from Nanxiang of Shangyu County in the fourth year of Emperor Shun of Han, but it is not mentioned in the "Continuation of Han Shu Zhi," only appears in the "Dizhi of the Third Year of Jin Taikang."
Juzhang County, an ancient county that has existed since the Han Dynasty.
Mao County, an ancient county that has existed since the Han Dynasty.
Yin County, an ancient county that has existed since the Han Dynasty.
Wu County was separated from Kuaiji County. In the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Xiaowu, Wu County was temporarily under the jurisdiction of Southern Xuzhou, but eight years later, it reverted to its original jurisdiction. Wu County administers twelve counties with a total of 54,088 households and a population of 424,812 people. The water route from the capital to Wu County measures 670 miles, and the land route measures 520 miles.
Wu County and Lou County are ancient counties of the Han Dynasty. Jiaxing was originally called Changshui and was renamed Youquan during the Qin Dynasty. In the fourth year of Emperor Huanglong's reign, Jiahe was produced from Youquan County, leading to its renaming as Hexing. Later, Sun Hao's father, Sun He, changed the county name to Jiaxing.
Haiyu County was separated from Yu Township of Wu County in the fourth year of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty. Haiyan County is an old county of the Han Dynasty. "Wu Ji" recorded that it was originally called Wuyuan Township, and it was renamed Haiyan County in the Qin Dynasty. Yanguan County is also an old county of the Han Dynasty. "Wu Ji" states that Yanguan County originally belonged to Jiaxing. During the Wu Kingdom, the office of Haichang Commandant was established, and later it was changed to a county. However, this assertion is disputed.
Qiantang County is an old county of the Han Dynasty. Fuyang County is also an old county of the Han Dynasty, formerly known as Fuchun. In the fourth year of Sun Quan's Huangwu era, it was assigned to Dong'an County; seven years later, Dong'an County was abolished. Later, Empress Dowager Zheng of Emperor Jianwen of the Jin Dynasty avoided the character "Spring," so Emperor Xiaowu changed Fuchun to Fuyang.
Xincheng County, located in the southwest of Zhejiang, was originally called Tongxi. During the Wu Kingdom, Xincheng County was established and later merged with Tonglu. "Jin Taikang Dizhi" does not record this county. Zhang Bo said, "It was established in the late Jin Dynasty." It is believed to have been established in the late Taikang period before being abolished later. In the ninth year of Emperor Cheng of the Jin Dynasty, it was reestablished.
Jiande County was separated from Fuchun by the Wu Kingdom. Tonglu County was also separated from Fuchun by the Wu Kingdom. Shouchang County was also separated from Fuchun by the Wu Kingdom. Xinchang County was renamed in the first year of the Jin Dynasty's Emperor Wu.
Wuxing Commandery was established in the first year of Sun Hao's Baoding era, separated from Wu Commandery and Danyang Commandery. It administers ten counties, with a total of 49,690 households and a population of 316,173. It is 950 miles by waterway from the capital and 570 miles by land.
Wucheng County, an ancient county from the Han Dynasty, was previously part of Wu Commandery.
Dongqian County was established in the third year of the Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin, separated from Wucheng. Later, in the fourth year of Emperor Houfei's Yuanhui reign, it was renamed Dong'an. In the first year of Emperor Shundi's Shengming reign, it was reverted to its original name.
Wukang County was created by the Kingdom of Wu, separating from Wucheng and Yuhang, and Yong'an County was established. In the first year of the Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin, it was renamed Wukang.
Changcheng County was established in the third year of the Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin, separated from Wucheng.
Yuanxiang County was carved out of Guzhang in the second year of Emperor Ling of Han's Zhongping reign.
Guzhang County, an ancient county from the Han Dynasty, was formerly part of Danyang Commandery.
Anji County was established from Guzhang in the second year of Emperor Ling of Han's Zhongping reign.
Yuhang County was an ancient county from the Han Dynasty and was previously part of Wu Commandery.
Lin'an County was established by the Kingdom of Wu, separating from Yuhang, and Lingshui County was established. In the first year of the Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin, it was renamed Lin'an.
Yuqian County was an ancient county from the Han Dynasty and was previously part of Danyang Commandery.
Huainan Commandery was originally established as Jiujiang Commandery in the Qin Dynasty, also governing Lujiang and Yuzhang. In the fourth year of Emperor Gaozu of Han, it was renamed Huainan Kingdom and Yuzhang Commandery was separated. During the reign of Emperor Wen of Han, Lujiang Commandery was separated. In the first year of the Yuanshou reign of Emperor Wu of Han, it was renamed Jiujiang Commandery, with its capital in Shouchun County. Later, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the capital was moved to Yinling County. During the Wei Dynasty, it was once again referred to as Huainan, and the capital was relocated back to Shouchun. In the first year of the Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin, Liyang, Dangtu, Quandao, and several other counties were established, and in the second year, Zhongli County was established, all of which aimed to restore the ancient counties of the Han Dynasty.
During the Three Kingdoms period, the Jianghuai area was a battlefield, with many areas hundreds of miles with no one living there. These counties were all located in the Huainan region north of the Yangtze River, sparsely populated with almost no ordinary people. After the unification of Wu, the ordinary people gradually made their way back home, so these counties were reestablished. Later on, with the turmoil in the Central Plains, northern nomads invaded the south several times, leading many people from Huainan to move south to Jiangnan. In the early reign of Emperor Cheng, Su Jun and Zu Yue rebelled in the Jianghuai region, and with the nomads invading again, more people crossed the Yangtze River southward. This led to the establishment of the Huainan commandery and several counties in Jiangnan. In the later years of the Jin Dynasty, Huxian from Danyang commandery was transferred to Huainan. In the sixth year of the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty, the Huainan commandery was merged into Xuancheng commandery, with the commandery's seat moved to Huxian. Eight years later, the Huainan commandery was reestablished and came under Nanyuzhou's jurisdiction. In the third year of the reign of Emperor Taishi of the Ming Dynasty, it was placed under Yangzhou's administration. The Huainan commandery oversaw six counties, with a population of 25,840 across 5,362 households. It was located 170 miles from the capital by water and 140 miles by land.
The magistrate of Yu Hu County was established in the second year of the Taikang era during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, separated from Danyang County, originally the administrative seat of the Inspector of Agriculture for the State of Wu. The magistrate of Dangtu County was established during the reign of Emperor Cheng of the Jin Dynasty as a foreign county along with Qundao County and was separated from Hu County during the late Jin Dynasty. The magistrate of Fanchang County, an ancient county name from the Han Dynasty, originally belonged to Yingchuan Commandery. During the Wei Dynasty, Yingchuan Commandery was divided into Xiangcheng Commandery, and Fanchang County belonged to Xiangcheng Commandery. During the turmoil of the Jin Dynasty, Xiangcheng Commandery was abolished, and this county came under the jurisdiction of Huainan Commandery, separated from Hu County. The magistrate of Xiangyuan County was originally located in Wuhu. Wuhu County is an ancient county from the Han Dynasty. By the end of the Jin Dynasty, Xiangyuan County was established, belonging to Shangdang Commandery. After the people of Shangdang Commandery crossed the Yangtze River, temporary foreign counties were established in Wuhu; then Shangdang Commandery was abolished, becoming a county under the jurisdiction of Huainan Commandery. In the ninth year of the Yuanjia era during the reign of Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, Shangdang County was abolished and merged into Xiangyuan County. The magistrate of Dingling County is an ancient county name from the Han Dynasty, originally belonging to Xiangcheng Commandery, later separated from Wuhu. The magistrate of Qundao County was called Qunqiu in the Han Dynasty, renamed Qundao in the Jin Dynasty, and was later separated from Wuhu. The position of the Prefect of Xuancheng was established in the first year of the Taikang era during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty. It governed ten counties, with a total of 11,120 households and a population of 47,992 people. It was 580 miles away by water from the capital and 500 miles by land. Wanling County is an ancient county from the Han Dynasty. Regarding Guangde County, He Zhiyun stated, "This is an ancient county from the Han Dynasty." However, it is not documented in the "Records of the Later Han" and is estimated to have been established by the State of Wu. Huai'an County was established by the State of Wu. Ningguo County was also established by the State of Wu. Xuancheng County is another ancient county from the Han Dynasty. Anwu County was established by the State of Wu. Jing County is an ancient county from the Han Dynasty. Lincheng County was established by the State of Wu.
Guangyang County, known as Lingyang during the Han Dynasty, is said to have had a man named Ziming who became an immortal on the mountain in this county, leading to the name change. Later, the Empress Dou of Emperor Cheng of Jin Dynasty had the character "Ling" in her title, so the name was changed again in the fourth year of Xiankang. Shicheng County is an old county that existed in the Han Dynasty. The position of the Prefect of Dongyang was originally that of the Western Commandant of Kuaiji, which was established during the first year of Sun Hao's Baoding era in Wu. This position governs nine counties, with a total of 16,022 households and a population of 107,965. It is 1,700 miles by waterway from the capital and 1,700 miles by land. Changshan County was established in the second year of the Chuping reign of Emperor Xian of Han, having been separated from Wushang County. Taimo County is an old county that existed in the Han Dynasty. Wushang County. Yongkang County was separated from the Shangpu area of Wushang County in the eighth year of Chiwu. Xin'an County was separated from Taimo County in the third year of the Chuping reign of Emperor Xian of Han, originally named Xin'an, and was renamed in the first year of Taikang during the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin. Wuning County was established in the second year of the Xingping reign of Emperor Xian of Han, having been separated from Zhuji County. Feng'an County was also separated from Zhuji County in the second year of Xingping of Han Xian Emperor. Dingyang County was separated from Xin'an County in the twenty-third year of Jian'an of Han Xian Emperor. Suichang County was separated from Taimo County in the second year of Chiwu of Sun Quan, originally called Pingchang County, and renamed in the first year of Taikang of Jin Wudi. The position of the Prefect of Linhai was initially that of the Eastern Commandant of Kuaiji. The former Han Commandant was stationed in Yinxian County, and later, the Han Dynasty divided Kuaiji Commandery into Wu Commandery, likely relocating the Commandant's seat to Zhang'an County. Sun Liang of Wu established this position in the second year of Taiping. It governs five counties with a total of 3,961 households and a population of 24,226. It is 2,190 miles by waterway from the capital and 2,190 miles by land. Zhang'an County, as stated in the "Continuation of Han Records," had its former seat in the Minzhong region, but Emperor Guangwu changed its name. The "Jin Taikang Record" states that it was originally in the Huipu Township south of Yinxian County and was established during the reign of Emperor Zhanghe of Han. It remains unclear which statement is correct.
Linhai County was established from Zhang'an County by the Wu Kingdom. Let's begin with the magistrate of Shifeng County. This official position was known as the Shiping County Magistrate during the Wu Kingdom and was later changed to the Shifeng County Magistrate in the first year of the Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin. The magistrate of Ninghai County was held by He Zhi, a long-established county dating back to the Han Dynasty. It is somewhat unusual that this county is not mentioned in the "Records of the Later Han" and the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer." Le'an County was established from Shifeng County during the reign of Emperor Kang of Jin. The Prefect of Yongjia was established from Linhai County in the first year of the Taiping reign of Emperor Ming of Jin. It oversaw five counties, with a total of 6,250 households and a population of 36,680. It is located 2,800 li by water and 2,640 li by land from the capital. The magistrate of Yongning County was established from Dong'ou Township of Zhang'an County in the fourth year of Emperor Shundi of Han, though some sources suggest it was in the third year of Yonghe. The magistrate of Angu County was originally known as the Luoyang County Magistrate during the Wu Kingdom, then changed to the Anyang County Magistrate by Sun Hao, and later renamed the Angu County Magistrate in the first year of the Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin. The name changed multiple times. The magistrate of Songyang County was established by the Wu Kingdom. Lecheng County was established from Yongning County in the third year of the Ningkang reign of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin. The magistrate of Hengyang County was initially named Shiyang County because the Hengzhe Ship Station was located there during the fourth year of the Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin, and later changed to Hengyang County. The Prefect of Xin'an was established from Danyang Commandery by Sun Quan in the thirteenth year of the Jian'an reign of Emperor Xian of Han, originally called Xindu Commandery, and renamed Xin'an Commandery in the first year of the Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin. It oversaw five counties, with a total of 12,058 households and a population of 36,651. It is located 1,860 li by water and 1,800 li by land from the capital. The magistrate of Shixin County was established from Shexian County by Sun Quan. The magistrate of Suian County was established from Shexian County by Sun Quan, originally called Xinding County, and later renamed Suian County in the first year of the Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin. Shexian County is a long-established county that dates back to the Han Dynasty.
The magistrate of Haining County, Sun Quan separated from Shexian and named it Xiuyang. In the first year of the Taikang era under Emperor Wu of Jin, it was renamed Haining. This was the first time Shexian was divided, and Liyang was also separated. In the eighth year of the Ming Dynasty, Liyang was merged into Haining. Yixian is also an ancient county of the Han Dynasty.
During the Yongjia period of the Jin Dynasty, there was chaos in the country. The common people from Youzhou, Jizhou, Qingzhou, Bingzhou, Yanzhou, and the northern regions of Xuzhou fled in groups to the south of the Huai River for refuge, some even crossed the Yangtze River and arrived at the borders of Jinling. In the fourth year of Emperor Cheng of Jin, Sikong Xi Jian moved the refugees from southern Huainan to various counties in Jinling. Those who moved to Jiangnan and those who remained in Jiangbei each established overseas counties for management. Some of the offices of Xuzhou and Yanzhou were set up in the north of Jiangbei, and four new states of Youzhou, Jizhou, Qingzhou, and Bingzhou were established in the north. In the seventh year of Emperor Yi Xi of An, the northern Xuzhou was separated from the northern Huai area and called North Xuzhou, while the southern Huainan region remained called Xuzhou. Later, Youzhou and Jizhou were merged into Xuzhou, and Qingzhou and Bingzhou were merged into Yanzhou. In the second year of Emperor Yongchu, Xuzhou was renamed South Xuzhou, and the northern Huai area was simply called Xuzhou. In the eighth year of Emperor Yuanjia, the northern region was renamed South Yanzhou, and the southern region was renamed South Xuzhou, with its capital in Jingkou. The Jinling of Yangzhou and the nine overseas counties of Yanzhou (counties that moved to Jiangnan) were placed under the jurisdiction of South Xuzhou, which administers the counties of Xuzhou, Yanzhou, Youzhou, Jizhou, Qingzhou, Bingzhou, and Yangzhou. The "County Chronicles of the Second Year of Yongchu" also records eight counties: Nanpei, Nanxiapai, Guangping, Guangling, Xuyi, Zhongli, Hailing, and Shanyang. Later, Nanpei, Guangling, Hailing, Shanyang, Xuyi, and Zhongli were assigned to South Yanzhou, Nanxiapai and Nanpengcheng were merged, and Guangping County and Nantai Mountain County were merged. Currently, South Xuzhou administers seventeen counties, sixty-three districts, with a total of 72,472 households and a population of 426,040. It is 240 miles by waterway and 200 miles by land from the capital.
Let’s discuss the Governor of South Donghai (the situation regarding Donghai County is a separate issue). In the early reign of Emperor Yuan of Jin, a tract of land was carved out from the northern part of Haiyu County in Wu County to establish Donghai County, which governed the three counties: Tan, Qu, and Licheng. The counties of Zhusi and Xiangben were temporarily governed from Qu'a. During Emperor Mu's Yonghe period, the prefectural seat of Donghai County was moved to Jingkou, and the three counties of Tan were temporarily administered in Jingkou. In the eighth year of Emperor Wen of the Southern Dynasties, Nansu Prefecture was established, and Donghai County became a subordinate county of Nansu Prefecture, with Dantu County also under the jurisdiction of Donghai County. Tan County and Licheng County were formally established as administrative divisions. The "Yongchu County and Country Chronicles" records the four counties of Xiangben (the details are discussed elsewhere), Zhusi, Houqiu (all ancient names of the Han Dynasty), and Xixi (established in the Jiangzuo period). In the twelfth year of Emperor Wen of the Southern Dynasties, Houqiu County and Xiangben County were merged. The records from the He and Xu families do not include Houqiu County but align with those in the "Yongchu County and Country Chronicles." Donghai County currently administers six counties, with a population of 5,342 households and 33,658 residents. Tan County has been an established place name since the Han Dynasty. It was only in the eighth year of Emperor Wen of Wei that it was separated from the west of Xianshan in Dantu County to establish a county. Dantu County, originally part of Jinling County, was known as Zhufang in ancient times, later called Guyang, and renamed Dantu in the Qin Dynasty. Sun Quan renamed it Wujin County in the third year of Jiahe. It was not until the third year of Emperor Wu of Jin that it was renamed Dantu. Wujin County was established in the second year of Emperor Wu of Jin, separated from Dantu County and Qu'a County. Pilin County was incorporated into this area during the later years of Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty. Qu County has also been an established place name since the Han Dynasty, established as a county by the Jiangzuo of the Jin Dynasty. During Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty's reign, land was carved out from the west of Tan County to establish a new county. Licheng County has been an established place name since the Han Dynasty and was established as a county by the Jiangzuo of the Jin Dynasty. During Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty's reign, it was officially recognized as a subordinate territory along with the county.
During the chaos of the Jin Dynasty, there were over a thousand households in Langye County who followed Emperor Yuan across the river. In the third year of Taixing, Huai-De County was established. Although Danyang County was in charge of the administrative affairs of Langye County, it did not govern this area. In the first year of Xiankang of Emperor Cheng, Huan Wen served as the governor of Langye County, stationed on the Jincheng of Puzhou in Jiangcheng County, intending to carve out a piece of land from Jiangcheng County in Danyang County to establish a new county, and also to split out a piece of land from Jiangcheng County to establish Linyi County. According to the "Yongchu County Records," Yangdu (belonging to Chengyang County in the Han Dynasty; later Han and Jin Dynasty's "Taikang Gazette" all recorded it as belonging to Langye County), Feixian, and Ji Qiu County (the details of these counties are beyond the scope of this discussion) were all established from the land carved out of Linyi County and Jiankang. Feixian County's seat is located north of the palace city. In the eighth year of the Yuanjia era, Ji Qiu County and Yangdu County were merged. In the fifteenth year, Feixian County was merged with Jiankang and Linyi County. In the fifth year of the Xiaowu Emperor Daming, Yangdu County and Linyi County were merged again. Currently, Nanlangye County administers two counties, with a total of 2,789 households and a population of 18,697. It is 200 li away from the state capital by water and 100 li by land; it is 160 li away from the capital by water. Linyi County is an ancient place name that dates back to the Han Dynasty, belonging to Donghai County in the Western Han Dynasty and Langye County in the Eastern Han and Jin Dynasties. Jiangcheng County is an old county from the Han Dynasty, originally belonging to Danyang County, which was abolished during the Wu Kingdom and restructured as Dian Nong Wei. It was re-established by Emperor Wu of Jin in the first year of the Taikang era.
Once upon a time, the Jinling Prefecture was part of the Wu Kingdom. During that time, the area west of Wuxi in Wu County was separated and called Pilin, with a local official called a Dian Nong Xiaowei overseeing it. In the second year of the Taikang era under Emperor Wu of Jin, the Xiaowei was abolished, and Pilin County was established directly, with the county seat in Dantu, but later moved back to Pilin. Pilin County got its name from the son of the King of Donghai, who was named Pi, and the Donghai Kingdom used to govern this area. In the fifth year of Yongjia, the emperor renamed Pilin County to Jinling County. Initially, the county seat was shifted from Pilin to Dantu. During the Taixing period, both the county seat of Jinling and that of Dantu County were relocated to Jingkou, but later, Chijian moved it back to Dantu. In the ninth year of Emperor Yixi of An, the county seat was moved back to Jinling. Jinling County was originally part of Yangzhou until it was transferred to Nanxu Prefecture in the eighth year of Emperor Wen of Yuanjia. Jinling County oversees six subordinate counties, which includes a total of 15,382 households and a population of 81,113. The distance from the provincial capital to Jinling County is 175 miles by both waterway and land; from the capital to Jinling County, the distance is 400 miles by both waterway and land.
Jinling County, formerly known as Yanling County, was renamed Pilin County during the Han Dynasty, and later changed its name along with the prefecture. Yanling County was established in the second year of the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin, separated from the Yanling Township of Qu'a County. Wuxi County, an ancient county dating back to the Han Dynasty, was abolished during the Wu Kingdom but restored in the first year of Emperor Wu of Jin. Nansha County was originally the office location of the Salt Superintendent during the Wu Kingdom, which was known as Shazhong at that time. After the fall of the Wu Kingdom, a portion of land was carved out from Jiyang County to establish Nansha County. In the seventh year of Jin's Emperor Cheng's reign, the salt administration was abolished, leading to the official establishment of Nansha County. Qu'a County, formerly known as Yunyang County, was renamed Qu'a County by Qin Shihuang. In the third year of the Jiahe era of the Wu Kingdom, it was renamed back to Yunyang County. In the second year of Emperor Wu of Jin, it was renamed Qu'a County again. Jiyang County was established in the second year of Emperor Wu of Jin, separated from Wuxi County and Pilin County. The jurisdiction of Yixing Prefecture was established in the first year of Emperor Hui of Jin, separated from Yangxian County of Wuxing Prefecture and Yongshi County of Danyang Prefecture. However, Yongshi County was later merged back into Danyang Prefecture. Yixing Prefecture originally belonged to Yangzhou, and in the fourth year of Emperor Taishi of the Ming Dynasty, it was placed under the jurisdiction of Nanxu Prefecture. Yixing Prefecture comprises a total of 13,496 households and a population of 89,525. The distance from the prefectural capital to Yixing Prefecture is 400 li via both water and land, while the distance from the capital to Yixing Prefecture is 490 li by water and land. Yangxian County was an ancient county that dates back to the Han Dynasty. Linjin County, Yixiang County, and Guoshan County were all established by separating from Yangxian County. Sui'an County was established in the third year of Emperor Wu's reign, separated from Guangde County of Xuancheng Prefecture, Guzhang County, Changcheng County, Yangxian County, and Yixiang County of Wuxing Prefecture.
Lanling County, which oversees two subordinate counties, has a total of 1,593 households and a population of 16,334. Regarding the magistrate of Lanling County, that's a separate topic. The same goes for Chengling County. By the twelfth year of Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, the rural counties were incorporated into Chengling County. However, in the records of "Yongchu County," the He family and the Xu family, there was no mention of the merger of the rural counties.
As for Nandongguan County, that's another story. "Yongchu County" also mentioned Gai County, which is another matter. Nandongguan County governs three counties with a total of 1,424 households and a population of 9,854. As for the county magistrate of Ju County, that's another matter. And the county magistrate of Dongguan County, that's another matter. In the twelfth year of Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, Gai County was merged into Dongguan County. Gumo County, an ancient place name dating back to the Han Dynasty.
Linhuai County was established in the sixth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and later Emperor Guangwu merged it into Donghai County. In the fifteenth year of Emperor Yongping of the Ming Dynasty, the original territory of Linhuai County was split off and Xiap County was established. In the first year of Emperor Taikang of the Jin Dynasty, the Huainan region was split off from Xiap County, and Linhuai County was re-established with its county seat in Xuyi. This marked the re-establishment of a county in the Jiangnan region. "Yongchu County" records Xuyi County, but it is not mentioned in the records of the He family and the Xu family. Linhuai County governs seven counties with a total of 3,711 households and a population of 22,886. Haixi County, which was part of Donghai County during the Han Dynasty, later belonged to Guangling County during the Han and Jin Dynasties.
Sheyang County was originally part of Linhuai Commandery during the Han Dynasty and later was part of Guangling Commandery during the Later Han Dynasty. It was dissolved during the Three Kingdoms period but was reestablished in the first year of the Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin. Ling County was originally part of Sishui Commandery during the Han Dynasty and later was part of Guangling Commandery during the Later Han Dynasty. It was dissolved during the Three Kingdoms period but was reestablished in the second year of the Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin and was part of Guangling Commandery. Huaipu County was originally part of Linhuai Commandery during the Han Dynasty and later was part of Xiapi Commandery during the Later Han Dynasty. It is noted in the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer" that it was part of Guangling Commandery. Huaiyin County was originally part of Linhuai Commandery during the Han Dynasty and later was part of Xiapi Commandery during the Later Han Dynasty. It is noted in the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer" that it was part of Guangling Commandery. Dongyang County was originally part of Linhuai Commandery during the Han Dynasty and later was part of Guangling Commandery during the Later Han Dynasty. It is noted in the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer" that it was part of Linhuai Commandery. Changle County, originally Changle Commandery (this is another story), was later combined into a single county. The region governed by Huailing Prefecture was originally Huailing County. In the early Han Dynasty, it was part of Linhuai Commandery, later was part of Xiapi Commandery, and in the Jin Dynasty, it once again was part of Linhuai Commandery. In the first year of Emperor Huizong's reign, known as Yongning, it was established as Huailing State. The "Yongchu Commandery and State" also mentions two other counties, Xiexiang County and Guangyang County. Xiexiang County, in the early Han Dynasty, was part of Linhuai Commandery, later was part of Xiapi Commandery, and the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer" records it as belonging to Linhuai Commandery again. Guangyang County was established as the State of Yan during the reign of Emperor Gaozu of Han, renamed during the reign of Emperor Zhao, merged into Shanggu Commandery by Emperor Guangwu, reestablished in the eighth year of Emperor He, and became Yan State again during the Wei and Jin periods. There was Guangyang County in the early Han Dynasty, it disappeared later in the Han Dynasty, and reappeared in the Jin Dynasty. Currently, Huailing governs a total of three counties, with a total of 1,905 households and a population of 16,130.
Siwu County, in the early Han Dynasty, belonged to Donghai Commandery, and later belonged to Xiapi Commandery, as recorded in the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer," it belonged to Linhuai Commandery. Later, in the fifth year of the Yuanhui reign of the Later Han Dynasty, in May, it was renamed Tongwu County, and in the first year of the Shundi reign, it reverted to its original name. Xuxian, in the early Han Dynasty, belonged to Linhuai Commandery, and later belonged to Xiapi Commandery, as recorded in the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer," it belonged to Linhuai Commandery. Yangle County, this name has existed since the Han Dynasty, originally belonged to Liaoxi Commandery. In the thirteenth year of Emperor Wen's Yuanjia reign, Xiaxiang County and Yangle County were merged.
The territory governed by the Prefect of Nanpengcheng (the status of Pengcheng Commandery is a separate issue) was newly established in the Jiangzuo region. Emperor Ming of Jin also established Nanxiapi Commandery, and Emperor Cheng also established Nanpei Commandery. During Emperor Wen's Yuanjia reign, Nanpei Commandery was divided into Nanpei Commandery and Beipei Commandery, with Beipei Commandery being part of Nanyanzhou, while Nanpei Commandery still belonged to Nanxuzhou. In the fourth year of Emperor Xiaowu's Daming reign, Nanxiapi Commandery, Nanpei Commandery, and Nanpengcheng Commandery were merged. Nanpengcheng Commandery governed a total of twelve counties, which included 11,758 households and a population of 68,163. Lüxian (the status is a separate issue). Wuyuan County, this name has been in use since the Han Dynasty. Fuyang County, this name has been in use since the Han Dynasty. Fan County (the status is a separate issue), during the Yiqi period, military households were exempted from taxes, and Suicheng County was established; in the first year of Emperor Wu's Yongchu era, it reverted to its original name. Xue County (the status is a separate issue), during the Yiqi period, military households were exempted from taxes, and Jianxi County was established; in the first year of Yongchu era, it reverted to its original name.
Kaiyang County, in the early Han Dynasty, belonged to Donghai Commandery, and in the fifth year of Emperor Zhang's Jianchu reign, it belonged to Langye Commandery. In the Jin Dynasty, it was re-established and still belonged to Langye Commandery; during the reign of Emperor An, it was assigned to Pengcheng Commandery. Zhuqiu County, this name has existed since the Han Dynasty. Xiaoxian, in the early Han Dynasty, belonged to Liang Commandery, and later in the Han and Jin Dynasties, it belonged to Pei Commandery. Xiapi County (the status is a separate issue), originally belonged to Nanxiapi Commandery.
Beiling County, part of Nanxiapai, did not exist during either the Western or Eastern Han Dynasties. It was only recorded in the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer" as being part of Xiaopai. Originally called Ling County, there was another Ling County in Guangling. In the second year of the Taikang era under Emperor Wu of Jin, because the Ling County in Xiaopai and the Ling County in Guangling had the same name but were different places, it was renamed Beiling County.
Tong County, (details to be provided), also belonged to Nanxiapai. There was a Liangcheng County in Nanxiapai (details to be provided). In the twelfth year of Emperor Wen of Jin, Tong County was merged into Liangcheng County.
The governor of Nanqinghe County oversees four counties, which includes 1,849 households and a population of 7,444. (Further details on Qinghe County to follow)
Qinghe County, (details to be provided)
Dongwucheng County, (details to be provided)
Yimu County, (details to be provided)
Beiqiu County, (details to be provided)
The governor of Nangao Ping County oversees three counties, which includes 1,718 households and a population of 9,731. (Further details on Gaoping County to follow) The "Yongchu County" records Juye County and Changyi County; these two counties still retain their names from the Han Dynasty.
Jinxiang County, (details to be provided)
Hulu County, called Huling County in the Western Han Dynasty, had its name changed during the reign of Emperor Zhang of Han.
Gaoping County, (details to be provided). In the eighteenth year of Emperor Wen of Jin, Juye County was merged into Gaoping County.
The governor of Nanpingchang County oversees four counties, which includes 2,178 households and a population of 11,741. (Further details on Pingchang County to follow)
Anqiu County, (details to be provided)
Xinle County, this county did not exist during the Western or Eastern Han Dynasties. During the Wei Dynasty, Plain County was divided to create Leling County, which belonged to Jizhou. Xinle County belonged to Leling County. During the Jin Dynasty, Leling County and some counties were established in the Jiangzuo area, but was later abolished, and Xinle County was reassigned here.
Dongwu County, (details to be provided)
Gaomi County, (specific details to be discussed), was once home to the Gaomi Kingdom in the Jiangzuo region, which was later renamed Nangaomi Prefecture. In the 18th year of Emperor Wen's Yuanjia era, Nangaomi Prefecture was abolished, and Gaomi County was established, coming under its jurisdiction.
The Nanjiyin County Prefect, which was part of Yanzhou during the Western Han, Eastern Han, and Jin dynasties, was initially part of Liangguo in the early Western Han period. In the 6th year of Emperor Jing's reign, Jiyin Kingdom was established separately, renamed to Dengtao Kingdom in the 2nd year of Emperor Xuan's Ganlu era, and later changed back to Jiyin. The "Yongchu Counties and Kingdoms" also recorded Juyang County and Dengtao County, retaining the old names from the Han dynasty. It currently governs four counties totaling 1,655 households and a population of 8,193.
Chengwu County, (specific details to be discussed)
Yuanju County, an ancient county name from the Han dynasty.
Danfu County, which was part of Shanyang Prefecture in the Western Han.
Chengyang County, an ancient county name from the Han dynasty.
The area governed by the Prefect of Puyang was originally part of Dongzhou under Yanzhou. In the 2nd year of Emperor Wu of Jin's Xianning era, his son Yun was appointed as the ruler of Puyang Kingdom. Since the character "Dong" wasn't allowed as a kingdom name, and there was a Puyang County in Dongzhou, it was named "Puyang Kingdom." Puyang was a historic place name from the Han dynasty. Later, Yun was transferred to Huainan, and the place of Puyang was renamed Dongzhou. Later, Prince Zhao Lun usurped the throne, deposed his grandson Zang, and appointed him as Puyang King, but he was soon deposed as well, so the name of the prefecture remained unchanged. Additionally, the book "Yongchu Counties and Kingdoms" recorded Juancheng County, which was part of Jiyin County during the Han dynasty, but in the Jin dynasty's "Jin Taikang Gazetteer," it belonged to Puyang County. Currently, Puyang Prefecture governs two counties with a total of 2,026 households and a population of 8,239.
The area governed by the Magistrate of Linqiu County, which was noted in the Former Han and "Jin Taikang Gazetteer" as Linqiu County, ceased to exist in the later Han period. In the 12th year of Emperor Wen's Yuanjia era, Juancheng County and Linqiu County were merged.
The area governed by the Magistrate of Yuci County, which existed during the Han dynasty and belonged to Taiyuan Prefecture in the Jin dynasty.
The area governed by the Governor of Nantai Mountain (the situation of Taishan County is a different story) is recorded in the "Yongchu County and Country" as Guangping County. This Guangping County has a long history. In the second year of Emperor Wu of Han's conquest, it was established as Pinggan Kingdom; in the second year of Emperor Xuan's reign, known as the Five Phoenixes, it was renamed Guangping Kingdom, and in the thirteenth year of Emperor Guangwu's Jianwu, it was merged into Julu County. Later, the Wei State separated Julu County and Wei County, and re-established Guangping County. Guangping County was also established in the Jiangzuo region, but it was abolished in the fourth year of Emperor Cheng of the Jin Dynasty and later re-established. The Governor of Nantai Mountain temporarily set the county seat in Dantu, overseeing the three counties of Guangping, Yiyang, and Quzhou. Yiyang County belonged to Zhao State during the Han Dynasty, and in the Jin Dynasty's "Taikang Gazette," it belonged to Guangping County; Quzhou County belonged to Guangping County in the Former Han Dynasty and was called Quzhou; in the Later Han Dynasty, it belonged to Julu County, and in the Jin Dynasty's "Taikang Gazette," it belonged to Guangping County and was renamed Quliang. In the eighteenth year of Emperor Wen of Jin's Yuanjia, Guangping County was abolished and renamed Guangping County, under the jurisdiction of Nantai Mountain. Currently, Nantai Mountain governs three counties, with a total of 2,499 households and 13,600 residents. The situations of the County Magistrates of Nancheng and Wuyang Counties will be addressed separately. The area governed by the County Magistrate of Guangping County was part of Guangping County in the Former Han Dynasty, Julu County in the Later Han Dynasty, and again Guangping County in the "Taikang Gazette." The area governed by the Prefect of Jiyang was established by Emperor Huidi of Jin by separating Chenliu County to create Jiyang Kingdom. It oversees two counties, totaling 1,232 households and 8,192 residents. The area governed by the County Magistrate of Kaocheng County was referred to as Zhi County during the Former Han Dynasty, belonged to Liang State, and was renamed Kaocheng County during the reign of Emperor Zhang, belonging to Chenliu County. This county is not mentioned in the "Taikang Gazette." The situation of the County Magistrate of Juancheng County will be discussed separately.
The Magistrate of Lu County is in charge of Lu County and Fan County. (The exact location of ancient Lu County is documented elsewhere, and Fan County used to belong to Dongping County previously, and later belonged to Rencheng County during the Han and Jin dynasties.) Now Lu County administers two counties, with 1,211 households and a population of 6,818 people.
Lu County (specific details recorded elsewhere).
Xi'an County, an old place name during the Han Dynasty, used to belong to Qi County. After Qi County was reestablished across the river and later abolished, Xi'an County became part of this place. In the 18th year of Emperor Yuanjia, Fan County was merged into Xi'an County. Xi'an County is not mentioned in "Yongchu Jinguo."
The Xuzhou Inspector, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, had its capital in Tan County, Donghai County; during the Wei, Jin, and Song dynasties, the capital was in Pengcheng. During the reign of Emperor Ming, invaders occupied the northern Huai region, so Xuzhou was reestablished with the capital in Zhongli. In the first year of Taiyu, the capital was moved to Qu County, Donghai County. Later, in the first year of Emperor Yuanhui, Zhongli County was separated from Nanyanzhou, Matou County was separated from Yuzhou, Dunqiu County was separated from Qin County, Gushu County was separated from Liang County, Zeng County was separated from Liyang County, and Xinchang County was established. Concurrently, Xuzhou was reestablished, and the capital returned to Zhongli. Now, the former counties and districts under the jurisdiction of Xuzhou are listed first, followed by the newly divided areas. Xuzhou used to govern twelve counties and thirty-four districts, with 23,485 households and a population of 175,967. Now it governs three counties and nine districts. The waterway distance from Pengcheng to the capital is 1,360 miles, and the land distance is 1,000 miles.
Pengcheng Magistrate was established as Chu State during the time of Emperor Gaozu of Han, changed to Pengcheng County in the first year of Emperor Xuan's reign; in the first year of Huanglong, it was reverted to Chu State; during the reign of Emperor Zhang, it was changed back to Pengcheng County. Now it governs five counties, with 8,627 households and a population of 41,231.
Pengcheng County, a historical county from the Han Dynasty.
Lu County, a historical county from the Han Dynasty.
Fan County, an old county of the Han Dynasty, belonged to Lu Jun. It was abolished during the reign of Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty. The character '蕃' is pronounced 'pí (皮)'. During the late Han Dynasty, when Chen Yi, the son of Chen Fan, served as the Lu Xiang, the pronunciation of this county name was changed.
Xue County, an old county of the Han Dynasty, belonged to Lu Jun. It was abolished during the reign of Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty.
Liu County, an old county of the Han Dynasty.
The Prefect of Pei Jun, known as Sishui County during the Qin Dynasty, was renamed by Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty. Previously belonging to Yuzhou, the jurisdiction changed after the reorganization in the Jiangzuo region. It administered three counties, with a total of 5,209 households and a population of 25,170. The provincial capital is 60 li away by land, while the capital is 1,000 li away by land.
Xiao County, an old county of the Han Dynasty.
Xiang County, an old county of the Han Dynasty.
Pei County, an old county of the Han Dynasty.
Regarding the jurisdiction of the Prefect of Xiapi, it was originally part of Linhuai County during the Han Dynasty, which was renamed Xiapi County during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Later, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty separated the southern part of Linhuai County to establish a new Linhuai County, while Xiapi County remained. Xiapi County administered three counties, with a total of 3,999 households and a population of 16,888. The waterway distance from the provincial capital to Xiapi is 200 li, and by land is 180 li; the distance by water from the capital to Xiapi is 1,160 li, and by land is 800 li.
The area governed by the County Magistrate of Xiapi, which belonged to Donghai County during the Han Dynasty, was recorded as part of Xiapi County in the "Jin Taikang Dizhi" of the later Han and Jin Dynasties. The circumstances of Liangcheng County and Tong County were similar. During the Han Dynasty, they belonged to Donghai County and Linhuai County respectively, but during the later Han and Jin Dynasties, they were all under Xiapi County.
Now, let's discuss the Governor of Lanling. It was established as a separate entity from Donghai Commandery in the first year of Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty. It oversees three counties, which includes a total of 3,164 households and a population of 14,597. The land distance from the provincial capital to Lanling is 200 li; the water distance from the capital to Lanling is 1,600 li, while the land distance is 1,300 li. Changluo County, Cheng County, and Hexiang County are all long-established counties dating back to the Han Dynasty.
The area governed by the Donghai Governor was known as Tan Commandery during the Qin Dynasty and was renamed during the reign of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty. After Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty lost control of the area north of the Huai River, Qiaoyu Prefecture was established in Ganyu County. In the seventh year of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, Donghai County was established under Donghai Commandery; at the same time, a part of Ganyu County was separated to establish Yu County, both of which fell under Qiaoyu Prefecture. Donghai Commandery governs two counties, with a total of 2,411 households and a population of 13,941 people. The water distance from the provincial capital to Donghai is 1,000 li, while the land distance is 800 li; from the capital to Donghai, the water distance is 1,000 li, and the land distance is 670 li. Xiangben County and Ganyu County are likewise ancient counties dating back to the Han Dynasty, but Ganyu County belonged to Langye Commandery during the Han Dynasty, only becoming part of Donghai Commandery during the Later Han Dynasty, abolished during the Wei Dynasty, and reestablished in the first year of Emperor Taikang of the Jin Dynasty.
The jurisdiction of the Governor of Dongguan was established in the first year of Emperor Taishi of the Jin Dynasty, separated from Langye Commandery. In the third year of Xianning, it was merged back into Langye Commandery; in the tenth year of Taikang, it was reestablished. Dongguan Commandery governs three counties, with a total of 887 households and a population of 7,320 people. The land distance from the provincial capital to Dongguan is 700 li; from the capital to Dongguan, the water distance is 2,000 li, and the land distance is 1,400 li. Juxian County was part of Chengyang Commandery during the Han Dynasty, Langye Commandery during the Later Han Dynasty, and was renamed Chang County in the fifth year of Emperor Xiaowu of Han. Various counties were part of Chengyang Commandery during the Han Dynasty, Langye Commandery during the Later Han Dynasty, and recorded as part of Chengyang Commandery in the "Geography of Jin Taikang." Dongguan County is yet another ancient county that dates back to the Han Dynasty.
Dong'an County was originally part of Chengyang County during the Han Dynasty, then part of Langye County, and later became an independent county from Dongguan County during the reign of Emperor Hui of Jin. Dong'an County governs three counties, with a total of 1,285 households and a population of 17,555. It is 700 miles by land from the provincial capital and 1,300 miles by land from the capital.
Gai Ling County, which was originally part of Langye County during the Han Dynasty and later part of Taishan County during the Later Han Dynasty, was recorded in the "Jin Taikang Dizhi" as part of Le'an County. It was renamed Chang County during the fifth year of Emperor Xiaowu of the Jin Dynasty.
Xintai County was established by the Wei Kingdom and belongs to Taishan County.
Fagan County, an old county name from before the Han Dynasty, belonged to Dong County. This county was not mentioned in the "Taikang Dizhi" and was transferred from the Jiangzuo region (south of the Yangtze River).
Langye County, under the jurisdiction of Langye County, was established during the Qin Dynasty. Langye County governs two counties, with a total of 1,818 households and 8,243 people. It is 400 miles by land from the provincial capital and 1,500 miles by water and 1,100 miles by land from the capital.
Fei County, which was originally part of Donghai County during the Han Dynasty and later part of Taishan County during the Later Han Dynasty, was recorded in the "Jin Taikang Dizhi" as part of Langye County.
Jiqiu County, which was originally part of Donghai County during the Han Dynasty, was recorded as part of Langye County during the Later Han Dynasty and in the "Jin Taikang Dizhi."
Huaiyang County, under the jurisdiction of Huaiyang County, was established during the reign of Emperor Yi Xi of Jin due to land division. It governs four counties, with a total of 2,855 households and 15,363 people. It is 600 miles by water and 500 miles by land from the provincial capital, and 700 miles by water and 550 miles by land from the capital.
Jiaocheng County was established during the reign of Emperor Yi Xi of Jin due to land division.
Jinning County, which was originally part of the Jimin region, was later moved here.
Suyu County was established during the reign of Emperor An of Jin.
Shangdang County was originally a transferred county, and after merging, it was also assigned to this region.
Yangping County, governed by the Yangping Prefecture, is an old county name and belongs to the Dong Commandery. During the Wei Dynasty, the Yangping Prefecture was created by separating it from the Dong Commandery and Wei Commandery. It was originally part of Sizhou but was later relocated here. The "Yongchu County Chronicle" also records Lingqiu County, which was established as a separate entity. It now governs three counties, totaling 1,725 households and 13,330 people.
Guantao County is an old county name that existed before the Han Dynasty. Yangping County is an old county name that existed before the Han Dynasty. Puyang County was originally a relocated county, and after the merger, it was also assigned here.
Jiyin County was established by Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty and is part of Yanzhou. Due to population shifts in the Xuzhou region, land was ceded to define its jurisdiction. It governs three counties, totaling 2,305 households and 11,928 people.
Suiling County, which was part of Linhuai County during the Han Dynasty and later became part of Xiapai County in the Later Han Dynasty, was established in the first year of Emperor Xiaowu's Daming reign. Dingtao County is an old county name that existed before the Han Dynasty. It was renamed Chang County during the fifth year of Emperor Xiaowu's Daming reign. Dunqiu County, belonging to the Dunqiu Prefecture, was assigned here due to population migration and land division.
The position of the Beiji Prefecture was established in the first year of Emperor Xiaowu's Xiaojian reign. It governs three counties, with a total of 927 households and 3,810 people. In short, the Beiji Prefecture, established in the first year of Emperor Xiaojian's reign, governs three counties with a combined population of just a few thousand.
The Chengwu County magistrate was part of Shanyang County during the Han Dynasty, but in the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer" from the Later Han and Jin Dynasties, it was recorded as part of Jiyin County. The Feng County magistrate, an old county name from the Han Dynasty, belonged to the Pei Commandery. In the first year of Emperor Xiaowu's Daming reign, the position of this county magistrate was re-established. Lihuxian County magistrate, which was part of the Dong Commandery during the Han Dynasty and was noted in the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer" of the Later Han and Jin Dynasties as belonging to Jiyin County.
Zhongli Taishou originally belonged to Nanyanzhou and was established during the reign of Emperor An of Jin. Upon reviewing the history, during the Han Dynasty, it was part of Jiujiang Commandery, and during the Jin Dynasty, it was part of Huainan Commandery, both with Zhongli County. It administers three counties, with a total of 3,272 households and a population of 17,832. It is 620 miles by land from the capital and 1,030 miles by water. In fact, Zhongli Taishou's jurisdiction is significantly larger than that of Beijiying, boasting a larger population and considerable distance from the capital.
The Yan County Magistrate (which has other historical records) originally belonged to Dongyan. Due to population migration, this position was established here. The Chaoge County Magistrate originally belonged to Henei Commandery, which was divided into Ji Commandery by Emperor Wu of Jin, and Chaoge County was then under Ji Commandery. This position was similarly established due to population migration. The Leping County Magistrate, called Qing County during the Han Dynasty, belonged to Dong Commandery, and the name was changed during the reign of Emperor Zhang. This county is not mentioned in the "Jin Taikang Gazette" of the Jin Dynasty and was established due to population migration.
Matou Taishou belonged to Nanyuzhou and was formerly the territory of Dangtu County in Huainan, established during the reign of Emperor An of Jin because the mountains are shaped like a horse's head. It governs three counties, with 1,332 households and a population of 12,310. It is 1,750 miles by water from the capital and 670 miles by land. Matou Taishou was also established during the reign of Emperor An of Jin, with a notable location and population size.
The Yuxian Magistrate, an ancient county name from the Han Dynasty, belonged to Liang Commandery and was established due to population migration. The Lingxian Magistrate was established during the reign of Emperor An of Jin. The Jiyang County Magistrate originally belonged to Jiyang Commandery and was established due to population migration. The Xinchang Taishou was established in the first year of Emperor Yuanhui's reign.
The magistrate of Dunqiu County belonged to Dongjun during the Han Dynasty and to Yangping Jun during the Wei Dynasty. In the second year of the Yuanjia era under Emperor Wu of Jin, Dunqiu Jun was established as a separate entity from Huaiyang Jun, and Dunqiu County came under the jurisdiction of Dunqiu Jun. After people from the Jiangzuo region moved here, this county was also established and came under the jurisdiction of Qin Jun. Previously, there was Pei County, which was incorporated into Dunqiu County in the eighth year of the Yuanjia era, and then the position of magistrate for Dunqiu County was reestablished in the first year of Emperor Yuanhui.
As for Gu Shu County, it did not exist during the Han Dynasty, and during the Later Han and Jin Dynasties, it belonged to Liang Jun. According to the records in "Yongchu County and State," He Xiu's "He Zhi," and Xu Guang's "Xu Zhi," it belonged to Nan Liang Jun. A county magistrate was also appointed during the first year of Emperor Yuanhui.
As for Zeng County, it belonged to Pei Jun during the Han Dynasty and to Qiao Jun during the Jin Dynasty. In the eighth year of the Yuanjia era, it was reassigned from Nanqiao Jun to Liyang Jun, and in the first year of Emperor Yuanhui, it was again transferred here.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, the Governor of Nan Yan Prefecture oversaw this area. At that time, the Central Plains were in great chaos, and many people from the north fled to the south for refuge. Emperor Cheng of Song designated Nan Yan Prefecture as a provisional provincial capital, with its administrative office located in Jingkou. Later, Nan Qingzhou and Bingzhou were established, but in the first year of the Yongchu era under Emperor Wu, Bingzhou and Nan Yan Prefecture were merged. It was only in the eighth year of the Yuanjia era that the Jianghuai area was officially established as part of Nan Yan Prefecture's jurisdiction, with the provincial capital situated in Guangling.
According to the records in "Yongchu County and State," Nan Yan Prefecture governed a total of fourteen counties. Nan Gaoping, Nan Pingchang, Nan Jiyin, Nan Puyang, Nan Taishan, Jiyang, and Nan Lushan, these seven counties now all fall under Xuzhou. There is also an East Yan Jun, which was carved out of Puyang in the Jiangzuo region, overseeing Yan County, White Horse, Pingchang, and Kaocheng counties. Yan County was previously referred to as Nan Yan during the Western Han Dynasty and simply Yan during the Later Han Dynasty, all of which belonged to Dongjun, as noted in the "Taikang Gazetteer," where it is recorded as part of Puyang.
In the 18th year of Yuanjia, Kaocheng County was merged into Yanzhou County. In the 19th year, Dongyan Commandery was abolished and reestablished as Dongyan County, under the jurisdiction of Nan Puyang Commandery. Later, Dongyan County was also abolished. Nandongping Commandery oversaw the counties of Fan, Sheqiu, and Licheng; Gaomi Commandery was responsible for Chunyu, Qianzou, Yingling, and Yian; Nanqi Commandery administered Anxi and Linzi counties; Nanpingyuan Commandery oversaw Pingyuan, Gaotang, and Chiping counties; Jimin Commandery, which was newly established in the Jiangzuo region, oversaw Yingcheng and Jinning counties, both also newly established in the same region; Yanmen Commandery, which has existed since the Han Dynasty, administered Loufan, Yinguang (formerly known as Yinguang County in the Han and Jin Dynasties), Guangwu, which was formerly part of Taiyuan County during the Han Dynasty and is recorded in the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer" as belonging to Yanmen Commandery, Guo, and Mayi counties. A total of seven commanderies and twenty-three counties, all under the jurisdiction of Nan Xuzhou. Other historical records also mention Zhongli, Yanmen, Pingyuan, Dongping, and Beipei Commanderies, which were relocated from different regions. Zhongli Commandery now belongs to Xuzhou. Yanmen Commandery oversaw Loufan, Yinguang, and Guangwu counties; Pingyuan Commandery administered Chiping, Linzi, Yingcheng, and Pingyuan counties; Dongping Commandery administered Fan, Chaoyang, and Licheng counties; Beipei Commandery administered Fuli, Xiaoxian, Xiang, and Pei counties. (Fuli County existed in the Han Dynasty, with other counties having different records.) A total of fourteen counties. According to the "Qijiuzhu," in the 11th year of Yuanjia, South Yanzhou merged Pinglu County of Dongping Commandery into Fan County, Shouzhang County into Chaoyang County, Jimin County and Jinning County of Pingyuan Commandery into Yingcheng County (before this, Jimin Commandery was abolished and became a county), and Gaotang County into Chiping County. According to these records, the five counties that were abolished in the 11th year of Yuanjia, including Pinglu County and Shouzhang County, are not mentioned in the "Yongchu County Gazetteer," and the specific situation is unclear.
According to the records of Xuzhou, Dongping Jun governed ten counties: Fan County, Chaoyang County, Licheng County, Loufan County, Yinguang County, Guangwu County, Chiping County, Yingcheng County, Linzi County, and Pingyuan County. In the fifth year of the Xiaowu era of the Daming period, Dongping Jun was merged into Guangling Jun. The Song Dynasty established Xinping Jun, Beihuaiyang Jun, Beijiying Jun, Beixiaopin Jun, and Dongguan Jun. In the 28th year of Yuanjia, Nanyanzhou's capital was relocated to Xuyi. In the thirtieth year, Nanyanzhou was abolished and merged into Nansuzhou, which was later re-established, and the capital returned to Guangling. According to the records of Xuzhou, Nanyanzhou governed nine prefectures and 39 counties, with a population of 31,115 households and 159,362 people. In the late Song Dynasty, Nanyanzhou governed eleven prefectures and 44 counties. The waterway distance from Nanyanzhou to Jiankang (the capital) was 250 miles, and the land distance was 180 miles. Guangling Prefecture was first established in the sixth year of Han Gaozu; at that time it belonged to Jingguo, and eleven years later it was transferred to Wuguo. In the fourth year of Emperor Jing's reign, it was renamed Jiangdu. In the third year of Tai Kang of Jin Wudi, the capital of Guangling was moved to the old city of Huaiyin, and later moved to Sheyang. Guangling was administered in the Jiangzuo region. The "Yongchu County" records five counties: Yu, Feiru, Lu, Zhending, and Xinshi. (These are ancient place names from the Han and Jin dynasties.) This explains the existence of counties like Feiru and Xinshi, indicating that Xuzhou's boundaries are similar to those of today. Currently, Guangling Jun governs four counties, with a total of 7,744 households and a population of 45,613.
Guangling County was an ancient county during the Han Dynasty. Hailing County was part of Linhuai Commandery during the Former Han Dynasty and Guangling Commandery during the Later Han and Jin Dynasties. It was abolished during the Three Kingdoms period but was reestablished in the first year of the Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin. Gaoyou County was an ancient county during the Han Dynasty, abolished during the Three Kingdoms period, and reestablished in the first year of the Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin. Jiangdu County was an ancient county during the Han Dynasty, abolished during the Three Kingdoms period, and reestablished in the sixth year of the Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin. Yuxian County, located in the Jiangzuo region, was also abolished, reestablished in the thirteenth year of Yuanjia, and merged into Jiangdu County.
The Prefecture of Hailing was separated from Guangling Commandery during the reign of Emperor An of Jin. According to the records of "Yongchu County and State," it belonged to Xuzhou. It governed six counties, with a total of 3,626 households and a population of 21,660. The distance to the prefecture's capital was 130 li by water and the same by land; the distance to the capital was 390 li by water and the same by land. Jianling County, Linjiang County, Rugao County, Ninghai County, and Putao County were all established by Emperor An of Jin. Linze County was established in the first year of Taiyu during the reign of Emperor Ming of Jin.
The Prefecture of Shanyang was separated from Guangling Commandery during the reign of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an. However, the Shanyang Commandery established during Emperor Jing's reign in Liangguo was distinct from this Shanyang Commandery. According to the records of "Yongchu County and State," it belonged to Xuzhou. It governed four counties, with a total of 2,814 households and a population of 22,470. The distance to the prefecture's capital was 300 li by water and the same by land; the distance to the capital was 500 li by water and the same by land.
The County Magistrate of Shanyang County was created simultaneously with the establishment of the county and commandery. The County Magistrate of Yancheng County, which was formerly called Yandu, belonged to Linhuai Commandery in the Western Han Dynasty and Guangling Commandery in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Jin Dynasty. It was abolished during the Three Kingdoms period and reestablished in the second year of the Taikang reign of Emperor Wu of Jin. Emperor An of Jin later changed its name.
The County Magistrate of Dongcheng County was established by Emperor An of Jin. The County Magistrate of Zuoxiang County was similarly established by Emperor An of Jin.
Xuyi County, Xuyi was originally the name of a county, part of Linhuai Commandery during the Western Han Dynasty, and to Xiapi Commandery in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Jin Dynasty, it belonged again to Linhuai Commandery, but during the reign of Emperor An of Jin, it was separated and established as Xuyi Commandery. Xuyi Commandery governs five subordinate counties, with a population of 68,225 people across 51,118 households. The waterway distance to the provincial capital city is 490 li, and the land route is 290 li; the waterway distance to the capital is 700 li, and the land route is 500 li. The Kaocheng County Magistrate. (Additional records) The Yangcheng County Magistrate was established by Emperor An of Jin. The Zhidu County Magistrate was established by Emperor An of Jin. The Xindu County Magistrate, although Xindu was an old place name in the Han Dynasty, its location differs. It is in Hebei and was established later in the late Song Dynasty. The Suiling County Magistrate, belonging to Linhuai Commandery in the Western Han Dynasty, and to Xiapi Commandery in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which is not recorded in the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer." It was established later in the late Song Dynasty.
The Prefect of Qin County was established by Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty when Fu Feng County was divided to create Qin State. During the turmoil in the Central Plains, the people of Qin State migrated south and settled in Tangyi. Originally, it was a county; Tangyi belonged to Linhuai County in the Western Han Dynasty, Guangling County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was again under Linhuai County in the Jin Dynasty. In the first year of Emperor Huidi's reign in the Jin Dynasty, Tangyi County was established by separating it from Linhuai County, and Emperor An changed Tangyi to Qin County. The "Yongchu County and State" records that it belonged to Yuzhou, and in the eighth year of Yuanjia, it was changed to Nanyanzhou. The "Yongchu County and State" also records that Qin County administered Lintu (established in the Jin and Song Dynasties), Pingqiu (an old county in the Han Dynasty, belonging to Chenliu County, not recorded in the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer"), Waihuang (an old place name in the Han Dynasty, belonging to Chenliu County), Peixian, Yongqiu County, Xunyi County, and Dunqiu County (recorded elsewhere), totaling seven counties. However, why is there no record of Yongqiu, Waihuang, Pingqiu, and Peixian? There are no other records of Xunyi County either. In the eighth year of Yuanjia, Peixian was merged into Dunqiu County. Later, in the first year of Emperor Hui of the Later Emperor, Dunqiu County was assigned to Xinchang County. By the end, Qin County administered four counties, with a total population of 15,296 across 3,333 households. The water distance to the prefectural capital was 241 li, and the land distance was 180 li; the water distance to the capital was 150 li, and the land distance was 140 li. The magistrate of Qin County was originally part of Qin State and was established due to the southward migration of the people. In the eighth year of Emperor Yuanjia, Lintu County was merged into Qin County, and Waihuang County was merged into Xunyi County. In the first year of Emperor Xiaojian of Emperor Xiaowu, Xunyi County was merged into Qin County. The magistrate of Yicheng County was established in the Jiangzuo region. Weishi County was an old county name in the Han Dynasty, belonging to Chenliu County. In the eighth year of Emperor Yuanjia, Pingqiu County was merged into Weishi County. In summary, Weishi County has a long history dating back to the Han Dynasty and later merged with another county.
Huai County was established in the fifth year of the Daming era under Emperor Xiaowu. At that time, Wujiang County, which was part of Liyang Commandery, was incorporated into Huai County, and Linjiang Commandery was also established at that time. Later, during the first year of the Yongguang reign of the former Emperor Fei, Linjiang Commandery was abolished. Huai County became the county seat, and Wujiang County was restored to its original state. In short, Huai County and Wujiang County were initially merged and later separated, with Linjiang Commandery in between, which ultimately disappeared. The Prefect of Nanpei Commandery (the situation regarding Pei County will be discussed separately) was named He Zhiyun, and Beipei Commandery was newly established; Xu Yun was the Prefect of Nanpei Commandery. The "Yongchu Commandery and Counties" also documents Fulai, Ao (the situation of these two counties is another matter), Zhuyi (historically referred to as Zhuxian during the Han Dynasty, Li Qi said, now called Yixian, later called Zhuyi County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and belonged to Pei Commandery in the Jin Dynasty), and Zhuqiu (belonged to Liang Commandery in the Han Dynasty, both the Later Han and the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer" recorded it as belonging to Pei Commandery) these four counties. The county seat of Zhuqiu County was established in Wuxi, while the county seats of the other three counties were all in Guangling. In the twelfth year of Emperor Wen's Yuanjia reign, Zhuyi County and Zhuqiu County in Beipei Commandery were merged, but He Zhiyun and Xu Yun were not in charge of these two counties during their tenures, so the specific situation is not very clear. The "Imperial Annals" recorded that in the fifth year of the Daming reign of Emperor Xiaowu, Guangling Commandery was separated to establish Pei Commandery, with the county seat established in Feiru County. However, Feiru County no longer existed at that time, indicating it was likely the former site of Feiru County. Feiru County is not mentioned in records from the Eastern Han period or the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer." Pei Commandery was likely abolished prior to the fifth year of Daming and then re-established. Pei Commandery now governs three counties, with a total of 1,190 households and a population of 12,970 people. This passage presents a complex narrative, mainly discussing the establishment and changes of Pei Commandery, as well as the merging and disappearance of some counties, with some historical evidence. The circumstances of Xiao County, Xiang County, and Pei County were discussed previously.
The position of magistrate for Xinping County was established in the seventh year of the Taishi reign of Emperor Ming. Jiangyang County and Hai'an County were also established in the same year, along with Xinping County. The position of magistrate for Beihuaiyang County was only established in the late years of the Song Dynasty, classified as expatriate counties. This section primarily focuses on the establishment dates of various counties. The statuses of Jinning County, Suyu County, and Jiaocheng County have been discussed earlier. (The descriptions of Jinning County, Suyu County, and Jiaocheng County are omitted here because the original text says "see elsewhere.") The position of magistrate for Beijiying County was established after the Song Dynasty lost the northern Huai region, also classified as expatriate counties. Guangping County was part of Linhuai County in the Han Dynasty but disappeared after the Later Han Dynasty. This section continues to introduce the establishment of counties, especially the expatriate counties established after the Song Dynasty lost the northern Huai region. The statuses of Dingtai County, Yangping County, Shangdang County, Yuanju County, and Guantao County have been discussed earlier. (The descriptions of Dingtai County, Yangping County, Shangdang County, Yuanju County, and Guantao County are omitted here because the original text says "see elsewhere.") The position of magistrate for Beixiaoping County was established after the Song Dynasty lost the northern Huai region, also classified as expatriate counties. The statuses of Tong County, Xiaping County, and Ningcheng County have been discussed earlier. (The descriptions of Tong County, Xiaping County, and Ningcheng County are omitted here because the original text says "see elsewhere.") The position of magistrate for Dongguan County was established after the Song Dynasty lost the northern Huai region, also classified as expatriate counties. The statuses of Ju County, other counties, and Dongguan County have been discussed earlier. (The descriptions of Ju County, other counties, and Dongguan County are omitted here because the original text says "see elsewhere.") Bairen County, an ancient county name dating back to the Han Dynasty, belonged to the Zhao Kingdom. It was established after the Song Dynasty lost the northern Huai region, also classified as expatriate counties. Finally, this section summarizes the statuses of the remaining counties, most of which were established as expatriate counties after the Song Dynasty lost the northern Huai region.
The administrative office of the Inspector of Yanzhou was in Changyi, Shanyang during the Han Dynasty, and was moved to Linqiu during the Wei and Jin periods. After Emperor Wu of Han pacified Henan, the administrative center of Yanzhou was moved to Huatai. By the thirteenth year of Emperor Wen's Yuanjia reign, it was relocated to Zoushan, also overseeing Pengcheng. Seven years later, in the twentieth year of Yuanjia, the imperial court abolished Yanzhou, dividing its counties between Xuzhou and Jizhou. It was not until June of the thirtieth year of Yuanjia that Yanzhou was reestablished, with its administrative center in Xiaqiu. According to the historical text "Yongchu Jingguo," Yanzhou governed the counties of Dong, Chenliu, and Puyang, but did not include Yangping County. Dong County included Baima, Liangcheng, and Dongyan counties. Chenliu County administered Suanzao, Xiaohuang, Yongqiu, Baima, Xiangyi, and Weishi counties. Puyang County governed Puyang and Linqiu counties. After the loss of the Huaibei region in the late Song Dynasty, Yanzhou was reestablished with its temporary administrative center in Huaiyin. Yanzhou had six districts, thirty-one counties, which comprised 29,340 households and a population of 145,581.
The position of the Administrator of Mount Tai was established by Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang of the Han Dynasty. According to the historical text "Yongchu Jingguo," Mount Tai County administered Shanchi, Laiwu, and Taiyuan counties. Currently, Mount Tai County governs eight counties, with a total of 8,177 households and a population of 45,581. Mount Tai County is located eight hundred li from the administrative center by land and one thousand eight hundred li from the capital by land.
Fenggao County was an ancient county in the Han Dynasty.
Juping County was an ancient county in the Han Dynasty.
Ying County was an ancient county in the Han Dynasty.
Mou County was an ancient county from the Han Dynasty. Nancheng County was part of Donghai Commandery during the Western Han Dynasty, and later belonged to Tai Shan Commandery in the Eastern Han and Jin Dynasties. Wuyang County was an old county during the Han Dynasty. Liangfu County was an old county during the Han Dynasty. Bo County was an old county during the Han Dynasty. Gaoping was originally a part of the Liang Kingdom, but in the sixth year of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, it became Shanyangguo; in the fifth year of Emperor Wu, it became a commandery; in the first year of Emperor Wu of Jin, it was renamed Gaoping Commandery. According to the "Records of Yongchu Commandery and Counties," together with Xuzhou, there was also Rencheng County (formerly part of Dongping Commandery during the Han Dynasty, split into Rencheng Commandery in the first year of Emperor Zhang of Han, and Rencheng County belonged to Rencheng Commandery. It also belonged to Rencheng Commandery during the Jin Dynasty. After the Jiangnan period, the commandery was abolished, and Rencheng County was directly established), later this county was withdrawn. Now Gaoping Commandery governs six counties, with a total of 6,358 households and a population of 21,112 residents. It is 220 li away from the prefectural capital and 1,330 li away from the capital. In the fifth year of Emperor Taishi during the Song Dynasty, a new Gaoping Commandery was established in the territory of Dangtu County in Huainan, governing Gaoping and Jinxiang counties. In the same year, Suiling County was also established. The magistrate of Gaoping County was referred to as Gao County during the Han Dynasty, and the name was changed during the reign of Emperor Zhang. Fangyu County is an old county from the Han Dynasty. Jinxiang County did not have a magistrate during the Han Dynasty; this position was only established in the Later Han and Jin Dynasties. Juye County is an old county from the Han Dynasty. Pingyang County, also known as Nanpingyang, is an old county from the Han Dynasty. Kangfu County is an ancient county from the Han Dynasty, which previously belonged to Rencheng Commandery.
Governor of Lu County, during the Qin Dynasty it was known as Xue County, and the name was changed during the reign of Emperor Gaozu of Han. Originally, it was part of Xuzhou; it was changed to Yuzhou during the reign of Emperor Guangwu, and later became part of Yanzhou during the Jiangdong period. It administers six counties, which includes a total of 4,631 households and a population of 28,307. It is located 350 miles from the prefectural capital and 1,100 miles from the capital. Zou County (an old county from the Han Dynasty), Wenyang County (an old county from the Han Dynasty), Lu County (an old county from the Han Dynasty), Yangping County (established in the first year of Emperor Xiaowu), Xinyang County (established during the reign of Emperor Xiaowu), and Bian County (established in the second year of Emperor Ming's Taishi reign).
Governor of Dongping County, during the reign of Emperor Jing of Han, separated Liangguo to create Jidongguo, and the name was changed during the reign of Emperor Xuan. It administers five counties, which includes a total of 4,159 households and a population of 17,295. It is 500 miles away by water from the prefectural capital, and also 500 miles away by land; 2,000 miles away by water from the capital, and 1,400 miles away by land. In the late Song Dynasty, a new Dongping County was created in Huaiyin. Wuyan County (an old county from the Han Dynasty), Pinglu County (an old county from the Han Dynasty), Xuchang County (which was part of Dong County during the Western Han Dynasty, and belonged to Dongping County in the later Han Dynasty and in the "Jin Taikang Dizhi"), Shouchang County (known as Liang during the Spring and Autumn period, called Shouliang in the Western Han Dynasty, belonged to Dong County; changed to Shouzhang during the reign of Emperor Guangwu, belonged to Dongping County), and Fan County (an old county from the Han Dynasty). These four counties are all located in the county seat.
The position of the Yangping County Governor was created when Wei County was separated from Weijun. During Emperor Wen's Yuanjia period, it was once abolished, but later returned to the court. In the first year of Emperor Xiaowu's reign, the Yangping County Governor was established again. It administers five counties, which includes 2,857 households and a population of 11,271.
Guan Tao Ling (馆陶令), this is an official title that existed in the Han Dynasty, but its jurisdiction is located in Wuyan County. Yueping Ling (乐平令), established by the Wei Kingdom, is under the jurisdiction of Yangping County. However, there is also a Yueping in the Eastern County during the Later Han, which is distinct from this one. The jurisdiction of Yueping Ling is located in Xiapinglu. Yuancheng Ling (元城令), another official title from the Han Dynasty, is also located in Wuyan County. Pingyuan Ling (平原令) and Dunqiu Ling (顿丘令) were both established during the Xiaowu Daming period, with further details recorded elsewhere.
The Jibei Prefect (济北太守) was established in the second year of Emperor He of Han, having been separated from Taishan County. According to the "Yongchu County Records," Jibei County governs Linyi and Dong'e counties, both of which belonged to the Eastern County in the Han Dynasty. In the Jin Dynasty, the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer" noted that Linyi was part of Jibei, but Dong'e was not mentioned. In the first year of Xiaowu Daming, Linyi and Dong'e counties were abolished, yet curiously, relevant historical texts do not record this, and the specific reasons remain unclear. The Jibei Prefect governed three counties, with a total of 3,158 households and a population of 17,300. The distance from the capital to Jibei is 700 miles by water and 1,500 miles by land. In the late Song Dynasty, the Jibei Prefect was re-established in the Huaiyang region.
The affiliations of Sheqiu Ling (蛇丘令), Luling (卢令), and Gucheng Ling (谷城令) are somewhat complicated. Sheqiu Ling was part of Taishan County during the Western Han Dynasty, but the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer" from the Eastern Han and Jin Dynasties recorded it as part of Jibei County. The same applies to Luling, which was part of Taishan County in the Western Han Dynasty but was included in Jibei County during the Eastern Han and Jin Dynasties. Gucheng Ling did not exist during the Western Han, was part of the Eastern County in the Eastern Han, and the "Jin Taikang Gazetteer" from the Jin Dynasty recorded it as part of Jibei County.
