Let’s talk about 'Dan Ge'. It is a song from the Han Dynasty, with no musical instruments, just a few people singing in harmony. One person leads the singing, and the other three follow along. Emperor Wu of Wei particularly liked this song. At that time, there was a person named Song Ronghua, who had an exceptional talent for singing this song. Unfortunately, it was lost after the Jin Dynasty and has been completely forgotten. There is also another old song called "Xiang He," which is from the Han Dynasty. It is accompanied by instruments taking turns, with a metronome keeping the beat for the singers. Originally, the song had seventeen tunes, but later, Zhu Sheng, Song Shi, and Lie He adapted it down to thirteen.
Next are the lyrics of "Driving Six Dragons · Qi Chuang" written by Emperor Wu of Wei. Let's take a look together:
Riding six dragons, swiftly soaring on the wind, flying over the seas and lands. Passing through eight countries, crossing high mountains, crossing valleys, flying on clouds, flying over the seas and lands, all the way to Mount Tai. Immortals and fairies come down from the sky, flying together, driving six dragons, drinking jade nectar, the river runs dry, no longer flowing eastward. Relieving the worries in my heart, drinking jade nectar. Continue forward, flying all the way to Penglai Mountain, reaching the gate of heaven. Arriving at the heavenly palace, being introduced inside, Chi Songzi comes to greet, looking around, the scene is breathtakingly magnificent. My heart is full of joy, I feel invigorated; this good news must be spread all over the world. Close your mouth, just enjoy this immortal energy, and you can live for tens of thousands of years. Flying all the way to the sea, connecting with the sky. The path of immortality is deep and mysterious. You must focus on cultivating your heart, be calm and peaceful, without greed, and practice in solitude; heaven will make an appointment with you at the right time. I hope to receive guidance from the immortals, riding on a cloud car, driving a white deer, reaching the gate of heaven, and obtaining the immortal medicine from the immortals. Kneel down to receive it, offering it with utmost respect to the immortals. In this way, the teachings of Taoism will naturally follow.
Hua Yin Mountain, considered to be towering a hundred zhang high, even the drifting clouds cannot obscure it. When immortals come, they arrive with the wind, accompanied by rain. Playing my cave flute and plucking the se qin, what a melodious sound! With wine and music, we sing and dance. Today everyone is having fun together; what a joy it is! The jade maiden rises to dance for several hours. The sound of drums is thunderous, coming from the northwest, with immortals riding clouds and dragons—how magnificent! Roaming the Eight Extremes, arriving at Kunlun Mountain, coming to the side of the Queen Mother of the West. Immortals in the golden palace and jade pavilion, who are these guests? It's Chi Songzi and Wang Qiao; they have arrived at this sacred place of enlightenment. Everyone feasts, drinks, and enjoys themselves until dusk, immortals sitting together, wishing for long lives and prosperity for their descendants.
I visited Junshan, and it felt incredibly authentic; the mountain path was rugged and uneven—truly magical! Then I arrived at the Queen Mother’s Terrace, with golden steps, a jade palace, and lingzhi mushrooms growing beside the palace. Guests bustling in and out of the east and west wings created a lively scene. The host frequently raising a toast, everyone wishing the host a ripe old age, it was truly a lively scene! Hoping the host lives to a ripe old age, living as long as heaven and earth!
This poem, titled "Jing Lie," was penned by Emperor Wu. Following is another poem by Emperor Wu, starting with "Jue Chu Sheng," which means that all things in heaven and earth are created by the forces of nature, each with its own lifespan. Even sages cannot avoid death, so why should we worry? I dream of riding a chi dragon to live on Kunlun Mountain; although this idea may seem strange, my aspirations lie in the realm of Penglai. Even though Duke Zhou, Confucius, and other saints have passed away, their graves are merely small mounds on Mount Yajishan. Who can truly rise above death? A true gentleman doesn't fret over such things. As we grow older, oh, how time flies, vanishing in an instant!
Next is a classic poem titled "Jiangnan," which shares its name with the poetic form. The poem describes: In Jiangnan, one can pick lotus flowers; how lush the lotus leaves are! Fish play among the lotus leaves, swimming to the east, then to the west, then to the south, then to the north.
This poem by Emperor Wu is called "Crossing the Guan Mountains," starting with "Between heaven and earth," meaning: Among heaven and earth, people are the most precious. The ruler governs the people, establishes various rules and regulations, with chariot and horse tracks spread across the land, wise rulers leading the territory, implementing feudalism, establishing laws, and governing the country. Some books were burned in the past, but no general amnesty was granted. In Gao Yao's "Fu Xing," were there no shortcomings? Alas, the rulers of later generations constantly change systems and laws, burdening the people and squandering resources, only to satisfy the ruler's private desires. During the reign of Emperor Shun, even utensils painted with lacquer had ten vassal states betraying him; let alone Emperor Yao, who didn't dare to cut down trees recklessly. Later generations sigh at Boyi's integrity, hoping to warn the world with it. Extravagance and waste are the greatest evils; frugality is a virtue. Since Xu You turned down an official position, how could any lawsuits arise? Advocating universal love and unity, even distant relatives can become close kin.
This another classic poem is called "Dong Guang Hu." The poem describes: The east is bright! What's wrong with Cangwu Mountain? There are many rotten grains on Cangwu Mountain, that are useless to the army. The soldiers wandering around the camp feel sad when they wake up early.
Lastly, a poem by Emperor Wen titled "Fifteen," starting with "Climbing the mountain to see afar."
I climbed up the mountain, looking into the distance, and there are all kinds of things in the valley! The tall parasol trees tower over a thousand feet high, various grasses grow lush and thick, and the flowers are vibrant and colorful, so plentiful they can’t be counted. The mountain chickens are calling, and wild pheasants are chirping, while tigers are roaring in the valley, and the wind is blowing fiercely. A big brown bear blocked my way, glaring at me fiercely, grinding its teeth and baring its fangs.
Alas, the Han Dynasty had twenty-two emperors, and this song "Xie Lu Xing" was written by Emperor Wu! Most of the ministers serving these twenty-two Han emperors were unreliable, each donned in hats and official robes, looking the part, but lacking any real skills, and liking to play tricks and conspiracies. They were indecisive and couldn't make firm decisions, and were ultimately used by treacherous officials. During a hunting trip, they were captured along with the emperor. Strange signs appeared in the sky, a white rainbow piercing the sun, and as a result, Emperor Wu himself suffered first. Those treacherous officials seized power of the country, killed the emperor, burned Chang'an City to the ground, completely shattering the foundation of the Han Dynasty, and even the ancestral temple was reduced to ashes. Members of the Han royal family fled in all directions, weeping as they moved westward. Thinking of how bustling Luoyang City once was, it’s heartbreaking to see it like this now. Weizi would surely be heartbroken to hear this news!
In the Guandong area, there were some righteous heroes who took up arms against the evildoers. Initially, they gathered in Mengjin and set their sights on Xianyang. However, the army was not unified in strength, and their movements were sluggish, marching in formation like a flock of geese, lacking any efficiency. The lure of personal gain sparked infighting, and they ended up turning against each other. The King of Huainan declared himself king and had a jade seal made in the north. The soldiers' armor was crawling with lice, and countless civilians suffered casualties; bones lay scattered across the fields, not a single rooster crowed within a thousand miles, with only one person left out of ten within ten miles—it's heartbreaking to think about!
Raise a toast in sorrow, singing praises of a peaceful and prosperous era! A peaceful and prosperous era! Officials no longer needed to go to the people's homes to call for them; the emperor was both wise and strong, the prime minister and ministers were all loyal, everyone was polite and humble, and there were no arguments or fights among the people. Three years of farming could provide enough food for nine years, the granaries were overflowing, and even the elderly with white hair didn't have to worry about food. Abundant rain, bumper harvests, people could even use horse manure as fertilizer. The nobles looked after the people, rewards and punishments were fair, taking care of the people like fathers and elder brothers. Those who broke the law were punished accordingly. There were no cases of lost items on the road, the prisons were empty, and there was a constant supply of food even in winter. Even those in their eighties and nineties could pass away peacefully in their sleep; the emperor's kindness reached even the plants and insects.
The ancient poem "Rooster Crows" tells us: The rooster's crow comes from the treetops.
The rooster crows on the high treetops, the dog barks deep within the palace. Where has this kid gone? The world is peaceful! The law allows no leniency; it emphasizes the principle of using softness to overcome strength in governing the world. His home is decorated with gold, and the doors and windows are made of jade. Inside, there are double-stacked wine glasses, and a singer from Handan as company. Liu Yubi, known as Qingpi, later married Guomen Wang. In his backyard, there is a square pond, where pairs of mandarin ducks are kept. There are seventy-two mandarin ducks in total, lined up neatly. They chirp, their calls reaching the east wing of my palace. He has four or five brothers, all of whom serve as attendants. Every five days they come, attracting crowds of onlookers each time. The horse's head is adorned with gold, shining brightly—how magnificent it is! Peach trees grow beside the dew well, plum trees grow next to the peach trees, bugs come to gnaw on the peach tree roots, but the plum tree sacrifices itself for the sake of the peach tree. Even trees can replace one another, yet brothers forget each other!
A crow gave birth to eight or nine little crows, as the ancient poem "Crow Gives Birth" says: "The crow gave birth to eight or nine children, sitting among the Qin family's cassia trees." They were sitting on the Qin family's cassia trees. Oh, the Qin family, with a lazy and idle son who is good at playing the suyang qiangsuhe. He held the qiangsuhe in his left hand, two pellets flying around it. "Hey me," one pellet hit the crow, the crow died, and its soul flew up to heaven. The crow mother gave birth to these little crows among the rocks of the southern mountains. "Hey me," how can anyone know where the little crows are? How can anyone navigate those winding paths? White deer in the royal Shanglin Xiyuan, hunters can still hunt white deer and enjoy venison. "Hey me," swans fly so high, you can still have stewed swan in the palace. Carp in the depths of the Luo River, fishermen can still catch carp. "Hey me," everyone has their own fate, life and death—why bother questioning the order of it all?
To the east of Pingling, as the ancient poem "Pingling" states: "Pingling east, pine and cypress," it's unclear who robbed Yigong. Yigong was robbed of a million taels of silver right under the high hall and fled on horseback. "Two horses running, it’s truly a challenge," looking back at the pursuers, terrified at heart. "Heartache, blood dripping," he went home to tell his family and sold the yellow calf.
This poem "Abandoning Hometown" is also found in the Se Tune "East and West Gate Walk," along with "Mulberry on the Street," written by Emperor Wen.
I left my hometown, left my home, and traveled far to join the army. Along the way, I faced thorns and brambles, seeking a way forward, trekking alone through hardships, along a narrow, rugged path. The roar of tigers and leopards echoed, chickens fluttered and dogs barked, birds scattered in alarm, calling out in search of companions. I climbed up the southern mountain, had to tread on jagged rocks, with dense trees and chaotic underbrush. I slept on a bed of weeds beneath the pine and cypress trees, my tears soaked the ground beneath me. The journey was solitary, and the days dragged on; I wallowed in self-pity, feeling extremely heartbroken.
"Mulberry on the Path (from the Songs of Chu)"
There is a person, at the foot of the mountain, draped in ivy and adorned with maidenhair fern. Both shy and lovely, she admires my elegance. Riding a crimson leopard, accompanied by a clever fox, the chariot of xylosma, decorated with cassia banners. Wearing rock orchids, carrying honeysuckle, picking flowers and pulling grass to leave behind thoughts. In a hidden chamber, never to be glimpsed, the treacherous path of the solitary traveler. Standing alone, on the mountain, how can the clouds be so soft down there? Dark and obscure, in the dim light, the east wind brings the rain of the divine. The wind whispers, the trees dance; thinking of the young master fills me with sorrow.
There is a person now, living in the valley, wearing garments woven from vines, tied with a belt made of bellflower. She looks affectionate, with a charming smile, yearning for me, admiring my graceful form. She rides a red leopard, followed by a beautifully colored lynx, with a cart made of magnolia wood, flying a banner of cassia. She wears garments woven from orchids, tied with a belt made of Solomon's seal, gathering fragrant herbs to give to her beloved. She lives in a quiet house, never able to see her beloved, because the path to the heavens is steep and treacherous, and she is the only one chasing behind. She stands alone on the mountaintop, watching the clouds slowly drifting below. The sky is dim, blurring the lines between day and night, the east wind blowing, the deities showering down sweet rain. The wind rustles, the trees whisper, longing for her gentleman, only deepening her sorrow.
"On the Mulberry Road" (Emperor Wu's lyrics)
Riding a rainbow, ascending the Nine Winding Peaks and passing through the Jade Gate. Crossing the Milky Way, reaching Kunlun, visiting the Queen Mother of the West, paying homage to the Eastern Lord. Meeting with Red Pine and Xianmen, gaining the secrets of longevity and the essence of spiritual love. Feasting on fairy herbs, drinking divine spring water, holding a staff of cassia branches, wearing autumn orchids. Forsaking worldly affairs, roaming amidst the cosmos, like a swift wind, drifting freely. The scenery remains unchanged, walking thousands of miles, a life as enduring as the Southern Mountains, never forgetting her own faults.
Lyrics from the Qing Dynasty, written by Xun Xu, using the old lyrics, in a gentle tune.
Zhou Xibo (周西伯昌)'s "Short Song" (Six Interpretations)
Zhou Xibo, possessing this sacred virtue, divided the world and owned two-thirds of it. He cultivated his moral character and contributed to the country, never compromising his loyalty. He was slandered by Chonghou, so he was detained. (Interpretation One)
King Wen of Zhou Ji Chang, possessing the wise and virtuous character, divided the world into three parts, of which he owned two. He cultivated his moral character, dedicated himself to the country, and always maintained the integrity of a minister. He was falsely accused by Chonghou and thus imprisoned. (First Interpretation)
Later he was pardoned, given the axe and the seal, and allowed to lead military expeditions. Praised by Confucius, he reached the level of virtue, still serving the Yin dynasty, extolling its virtues. (Second Interpretation)
The achievements of Duke Huan of Qi made him the foremost among the hegemons, uniting the vassals nine times, rectifying the world. Rectifying the world without resorting to military force. Just and not deceitful, his virtues were celebrated. (Third Interpretation)
Confucius praised Guan Zhong, saying that the common people had all benefited from him. Guan Zhong was given sacrificial offerings and ordered not to bow down. Xiaobai (Guan Zhong) did not dare to do so, for the authority of heaven was evident before him! Duke Wen of Jin also dominated a region, personally serving the Zhou emperor. He received the emperor's jade gui, jade zun, jiu chang (a type of wine), and carved bow, as well as over a thousand Lu bows and arrows and three hundred Tiger Guard warriors.
He subdued the vassals through his formidable military strength; those who imitated him were all esteemed, and his reputation spread throughout the eight corners of the world, ranked just below Duke Huan of Qi. At the Hui Meng in Heyang, he impersonated the Zhou emperor, resulting in a mixed reputation.
The following are a few lines from "Yan Ge Xing":
The autumn wind is rustling, the air is turning chilly, the grass and trees are fading, and dew has turned into frost. Flocks of swallows are flying away, geese are flying south. I miss you, wandering far away; my heart is filled with longing. How I long to return home, how I miss my hometown; why do you still linger outside? Oh, poor me, left alone to guard this empty house, worries surge in my heart, always thinking of you, but dare not forget. Tears flow unconsciously, soaking my clothes. I take up my zither, pluck the strings, playing a melancholy melody. I softly sing a short song, but can't sing for long; the bright moonlight spills onto my bed. The Milky Way glimmers in the west, the night is still long, the Cowherd and Weaver Girl gaze longingly at each other from afar; why are you separated on the other side of the river?
Then a few lines from "Short Song":
I look up at the tent, look down at the table; the east and west are just as they were, but the person is no longer there. The spirits have suddenly departed, leaving me behind, stranded in a foreign land, left with no choice but to weep bitterly. The deer call, and the fawn bleats with grass in its mouth; the flying birds nest with their young. And I am alone, filled with sorrow, heavy with worries; no one can truly grasp my pain. They say sorrow ages a person; alas, why do my white hairs grow so early? I sigh and lament, missing my father; they say the kind-hearted live long, why can't my father live a long life?
Finally, a few lines from "Swallow Song":
Days of parting are easy to pass, but days of reunion are hard to come by; mountains and rivers separate us, the road is long. I think of you with a heavy heart, but dare not speak, writing letters to the floating clouds, but never receiving a response. Tears wet my clothes, my face is haggard; who can truly grasp my sorrow without sighing? I toss and turn, restless in my sleeplessness, rising to pace back and forth in my room.
As I recite poetry and sing, comforting myself, the joyful memories of the past and the sorrowful present truly break my heart! The mournful wind howls, and the autumn chill bites, while the thin curtains gently sway in the palace of Qin.
Looking up at the starry sky, watching the clouds drift by, listening to the morning birds chirping, and listening to their pitiful cries, my heart is filled with nostalgia and longing, unable to calm down.
I raise my cup and sing—how fleeting life is! "Like morning dew, the bitter days are too many." Life is fleeting, like morning dew; it will disappear quickly, and too many days have passed!
Alas, my heart is full of feelings and sorrow; this sorrow lingers and is hard to shake off. How can I relieve this melancholy? Only by drinking! "The green jade garment, my heart is melancholy. It is only for you that I have remained in this sorrow until now." This poem expresses my longing for you; because of you, I am so deeply longing, sighing.
"The moon is bright, when can I pick it? Sorrow wells up from within and cannot be severed." The moon is so bright, but cannot be picked, just like my sorrow, it wells up from within, and I cannot shake it off. "The deer call softly, eating the wild apples. I have distinguished guests, playing the zither and flute." This beautiful scene feels completely out of place with my current mood. "The mountains are never too high, the waters never too deep. Duke Zhou feeds the baby, all hearts turn to him." In this thriving world, I can only mourn in solitude.
I climb the San Pass mountain in the morning—how difficult this road is to walk! The ox cart tipped over, and I fell into the valley, sitting on a stone, strumming a clear and melodic tune on the five-stringed qin, expressing my inner frustration. I sing to voice my aspirations; I climb the San Pass mountain in the morning.
There was an old man who suddenly appeared by my side. He was wearing a thick fur robe and did not look like an ordinary person. He asked me why I was so sad, why I was so troubled, and why I was wandering here. I sang to express my aspirations. I live on Kunlun Mountain, where immortals reside. The path of cultivation is long and arduous, but it also has rewards. I traveled to famous mountains and rivers and circled the Eight Directions. I slept on rocks and rinsed my mouth with springs, yet still hesitated before eventually ascending to immortality. I sang to express my aspirations. I live on Kunlun Mountain.
The past cannot be retrieved, but I can’t help but remember it with pain and concern. Unable to sleep at night, I can only grieve alone. With a straightforward and honest attitude, I wrote this article based on facts, in accordance with the records of classics and the accounts from the Western Regions. I sang to express my aspirations.
They say I set out in the morning, crossed mountains and hills; the road was really difficult! Fortunately, three old men accompanied me all the way. I live on Kunlun Mountain, and people say I am a realized being. Want to catch up with me? Good luck with that! They have always followed me closely.
Next is a poem called "Journey Through Bitter Cold": "Heading north to the Taihang Mountains, how difficult it is! The winding road twists and turns, almost breaking the wheels." The Taihang Mountains are so towering and steep; the journey is difficult! The road twists and turns like a winding path, almost breaking the wheels.
"The trees are desolate, the north wind sounds mournful. Bears and leopards crouch before me, tigers and leopards wail along the road." The trees are bare, and the north wind blows mournfully; it is truly distressing. Bears and leopards crouch before me, tigers and leopards roar along the road; it's a terrifying thought.
"In the valley, there are few inhabitants, as snow falls thick and fast. I stretch my neck and sigh, my mind is filled with worries about my distant journey.
My heart is heavy with a longing to return home. The river is swollen, the bridges are out, leaving me stranded halfway.
Lost and confused, as darkness falls, I have nowhere to stay. After traveling so far, both my horse and I are starving.
I carry a load to gather firewood, using an axe to chop ice for porridge. Reflecting on the poem 'East Mountain Ode' brings me great sorrow.
There's another poem, 'Autumn Journey,' where I wish to climb Mount Tai and Mount Hua, traveling with immortals through distant lands. Journeying through Kunlun Mountain to reach Penglai, wandering to the eight corners of the world, alongside immortals. Hoping to find the elixir of immortality and live forever. Singing my aspirations, I long to climb Mount Tai and Mount Hua.
How enduring are heaven and earth, while human life is so fleeting. People talk about Boyang, not realizing he has grown old. Chisong and Wang Qiao are said to have attained immortality. I haven't heard of such things, but I hope for a long life.
How enduring are heaven and earth indeed!"
Where will the moonlight not shine tomorrow? Heaven and earth are united; the saints impart wisdom to the unique and noble. Aren't all the people in the world subjects of the king? They are named for their benevolence and righteousness, and honored through ritual and music. I sing to express my aspirations, illuminated by tomorrow's moonlight.
The seasons pass, day and night interchange to form a year. Adults align with the will of heaven, which in turn, does not oppose them. There's no need to mourn the passage of time; not all troubles in the world can be managed. Life and death follow their own fate; worrying is futile. I sing to express my aspirations; the seasons pass.
Sorrow, what is it that you seek? Laughter, where is the interest? The magnificent wisdom and talent will not be regained. Cherish time and strive for progress; who will benefit from it? Indulging in pleasure, what is the meaning? I sing to express my aspirations; sorrow, what is it that you seek?
I wish to see the emperor, but the mountain path is steep and treacherous. From a distance, the palace atop the Five Sacred Mountains gleams magnificently. All that is visible is Lingzhi grass, its leaves falling gently.
Hundreds of birds gather, swirling like smoke. Mountain beasts gather in groups, qilins and wardens lead the way. The kuns cry, only to see the mountain beasts chasing and playing with each other.
I pressed on, reaching the imperial palace, my heart still uneasy. The official came out to deliver the decree; what are the people outside asking for? They seek wisdom from the saints, praying for long life.
The emperor commanded the officials to fulfill their requests by gathering the branches and leaves of the divine herb Ruomu. The white rabbit kneels to prepare the elixir, presenting it to the emperor on a jade plate. Consuming this elixir grants immortality.
Everyone was very happy after taking this divine medicine. The emperor will be immortal; people from all directions kowtow, with celestial spirits guarding him, the emperor will be eternally blessed by the heavens.
Reeds grow in my pond, their leaves so lush! They can walk and run nearby, yet they cannot weave for themselves. The words of the crowd are powerful enough to melt gold, causing a rift between you and me.
Thinking of when you left me, alone in sorrow and pain. Imagining your face, my heart aches with sadness. Now I am tossing and turning in sleepless nights.
Don't use wealth and high status as an excuse to abandon what you have always loved; don't throw away onions and garlic just because fish and meat are expensive; don't discard other grasses just because hemp is cheap. These three sentences mean, don't change your original intention because of external changes.
Blessed ones often face adversity, sinking like a capsized ship. I advise you to stay calm and peaceful; don't let yourself get into a hurried situation. When will we be able to sit down together face to face after we have parted ways? These four sentences mean, be cautious and careful; don't let external forces affect your life rhythm.
Feeling desolate when going out, feeling desolate at home. The borderlands are filled with mournful winds; how bleak the trees look! Today we are happy together, wishing you a long life, filled with prosperity for generations to come! These five sentences depict the harsh cold of the borderlands, expressing blessings to a friend.
Leaving Luoyang behind, I set off to the east for battle. The campaign lasted over twenty days, stationed at Longbei City. These sentences describe the author's departure from Luoyang, heading to the eastern border.
I observe the old camp, built by our ancestors. The houses are the same as before; the beams remain straight. These sentences describe the author's observation of the ancestors' camp, marveling at its strength and intactness.
Alas, my ancestors, they concealed their virtues and the image of sages. Although they have passed away, their achievements will live on forever, recorded in history books. These sentences reflect the author's remembrance of his ancestors, praising their virtues.
My ancestors were glorious and radiant, their achievements and honor are still present. Their legacy spread throughout the world, bringing peace and order to all corners. These sentences continue to praise the achievements and influence of the ancestors.
Although there were bandits from Wu and Shu, the Spring and Autumn Period alone is enough to showcase their military prowess. It is just lamentable that my ancestors did not live to be a hundred. I write poetry to express my longing, leaning against the carriage pole, tears wetting my clothes. These sentences express the author's regret for the early death of the ancestors.
In the morning, we gather joyfully, drinking to our hearts' content, unknowingly getting drunk. The sorrowful strings play a new tune, the flute plays a sweet tune. These opening sentences describe the scene of the feast, with a lively atmosphere.
The music touches people's hearts, and the guests at the table talk happily. In the spacious and bright hall, a cool breeze flows through the room. This describes the atmosphere of the feast, with guests and hosts enjoying themselves.
Having plenty yet feeling empty; only those who achieve can ultimately succeed. Most gentlemen carry multiple worries. These three sentences emphasize the importance of humility, caution, and maintaining a sense of vigilance.
I humbly live in a simple house, greeting and chatting with guests, never neglecting a moment. After the guests have eaten and drunk their fill and gone home, the host is left feeling utterly exhausted. This describes the scene after the banquet, where the host, despite being tired, still enjoys the company of the guests.
Soaring like a pair of birds through the clouds, where are those who are bound? By maintaining inner peace, one can achieve natural harmony, so what do fame and fortune really mean? These closing sentences express the author's yearning for a carefree life, believing that fame and fortune are not life’s ultimate pursuits.
I went up the mountain to pick shepherd's purse, but it got dark and I was starving. The wind was strong in the mountain valley, and the frost soaked my clothes. (Interpretation One of "Shan Zai Xing") Wild chickens called in groups, and monkeys were chasing and playing with each other. I looked back at my hometown, my heart was filled with countless worries, alas! (Interpretation Two of "Shan Zai Xing") The high mountain was dotted with rugged, strange rocks, and trees were lush with branches and leaves. Worries surged in my heart, yet I had no one to share them with; no one understood my distress. (Interpretation Three of "Shan Zai Xing") Life is as fleeting as a stay in a hotel; why are there so many worries? I am not happy now, yet time flies by. (Interpretation Four of "Shan Zai Xing") Rivers flow endlessly, and boats drift back and forth on the river. The boat floats unsteadily with the waves, much like my own wandering life. (Interpretation Five of "Shan Zai Xing") I mounted my trusty horse and donned a lightweight fur robe. Galloping around on horseback, I tried to temporarily forget my worries. (Interpretation Six of "Shan Zai Xing") In the morning, I went to the high platform for some leisure, and in the evening, I set up a banquet by the Hua Chi to drink. The tribal chief offered fine wine, and hunters brought forth delicious game birds. (Interpretation One of "Shan Zai Xing") Dancers from the State of Qi performed traditional Eastern dances, and musicians from the State of Qin played Western melodies. A guest from the south played exquisite melodies on the qin for me. (Interpretation Two of "Shan Zai Xing") The sounds of various instruments mingled together, and performers played softly or passionately. Fish in the water also leaped joyfully in time with the music. (Interpretation Three of "Shan Zai Xing") Birds soared and danced in the sky before sorrowfully flying towards the northern trees. After the joy, a wave of sadness washed over me, leaving me heartbroken. (Interpretation Four of "Shan Zai Xing") Although the clear sound of the horn is beautiful, my virtues are lacking, and I cannot shoulder such heavy responsibilities! Mr. Ziye's advice is truly wise; I should put away my instruments and take time to reflect. (Interpretation Five of "Shan Zai Xing")
Duke Tanfu of Ancient Times accumulated virtues and performed good deeds, showing benevolence to all. He aspired to promote righteousness and become a wise monarch like King Wen of Zhou. (Interpretation 1 of "Good Deeds") Tai Bo and Zhong Yong renounced the throne for the sake of righteousness and benevolence. Their good deeds were passed down for a hundred years, and later generations even honored them by shaving their heads and tattooing their skin. (Interpretation 2 of "Good Deeds") Bo Yi and Shu Qi were wise men of ancient times. They chose to die rather than submit to the rule of the Zhou king, and eventually starved to death on Shouyang Mountain. (Interpretation 3 of "Good Deeds") Shan Fu during the reign of King Xuan was truly intelligent! He assisted King Xuan without using Du Bo, sparing virtuous individuals from entanglement. (Interpretation 4 of "Good Deeds") Duke Huan of Qi was able to dominate the vassal states, all thanks to Guan Zhong, his wise minister. However, later on, the later favoring of Shu Diao led to the decline of the country. (Interpretation 5 of "Good Deeds") Yanzi and Ping Zhong both accumulated virtues and performed good deeds, carrying kindness in their hearts. Although they were highly respected, they may not always receive the recognition they deserved. (Interpretation 6 of "Good Deeds") In Confucius's time, the vassal states all revered the monarchs. They indulged in drinking and merrymaking, promoting their trusted officials. (Interpretation 7 of "Good Deeds")
I bemoan my unfortunate fate, having lived in poverty, humility, and loneliness since childhood. I did not benefit from the exemplary education of Meng Mu's three relocations, nor have I heard the voices of my parents teaching me in the courtyard. (Interpretation 1 of "Good Deeds")
He was destitute, like a torn cloth, wondering what he could rely on to survive. Although he harbored grand ambitions, what could he do at that time?
Alas, trapped in poverty, compounded by lowly status, all I can do is sigh and shed tears like rain. Crying in sorrow, wanting to survive, what hope is there for me?
I hope to be as vast as the sky, with Mount Langya leaning to the left. Even if I want to be loyal, Xin Gong has returned to the State of Chu.
Those who are quick to speak often sigh, unable to express their emotions. Heaven teaches people to act with integrity and transparency, but who can truly understand my feelings?
I wonder when I can follow (him); this sigh is hard to shake off. How can I bring glory to my ancestors now? This grievance falls like unending rain.
I, "Good Deeds" (Ming Emperor's Song, Eight Interpretations)
I set out on a campaign against those barbarians. Organizing the army, selecting soldiers, and preparing to depart.
The small boat drifts downstream; the first flock of wild geese huddle by the shore. The soldiers are all spirited, brave, and strong, like fierce tigers and bears.
The sound of cannons roars, exhaling breath like rain. The military flags are flying; the orders are clear, and we advance and withdraw with precision.
Hundreds of horses are saddled; the drivers are as skilled as Zao Fu. The army is united, following the same military orders.
Traveling night and day, I know this expedition is arduous. The journey gets longer day by day, gradually moving away from the capital of Xuchang.
In under ten days, we reached the Yangzhou region. The enemy was paralyzed with fear, and no one dared to fight back.
The tiger generals were filled with rage and bloodlust. The Huai River and Sishui regions were restored to peace, and we were proud.
With our achievements, we gained renown; we must suppress and appease. We returned to court to report our achievements to the imperial ancestors.
Hehe, "Good Deeds" (Ming Emperor's Song, Four Interpretations)
The illustrious Wei dynasty, the royal army is going on an expedition. Braving the scorching heat to suppress rebellion, showing the majesty of the royal army.
We sailed downstream as the Yellow River surged with waves. Clearing the river and bypassing the lands of Yue, the journey is long and winding.
The banners blotted out the sky, fluttering in the wind; even the sky is covered. Fish play in the deep abyss.
We simply moored by the river, letting the current carry us. Not alone, holding the land of Chu in Yangzhou. With worries lingering in my heart, on the fertile banks of the Huai River. I hope you return victorious before long.
In the future, "Good Deeds" (Ancient Song, Six Interpretations)
There will be great difficulties in the future, feeling parched. Let's be happy together today.
Travel to famous mountains, with Lingzhi grass swaying in the wind. The immortal Wang Qiao gifted me a pill.
Oh, my sleeves are too short; my hands are freezing. I'm really sorry, I have nothing good to repay King Zhao Xuan.
The moon has set, and the Big Dipper is askew. When friends come, I haven't even had time to eat, and I'm starving.
Happy days are few, but sad days are many. How do we shake off our blues? Let's play the zither, drink some wine, and sing some songs!
The Eight Immortals of Huainan have achieved immortality without much effort. They ride on six dragons, frolicking freely among the clouds.
"East Gate Journey"
Walking out of the East Gate, I don't want to go home; returning home, my heart feels uneasy. The rice jar at home is bare, and there are no decent clothes hanging on the beams.
As I prepare to leave, my child cries and grabs my clothes. While others chase wealth and glory, I just want to share simple meals with you.
Eating simple meals together, for the sake of our parents and children. The court is clean now, so I dare not disobey the laws; you should take care of yourself and not do anything wrong.
Let's go! Alright, I have to head out. Take care on your way, and wait for me to come back.
"Folding Willow Branches"
West Mountain, how high it is—so high that it seems endless. Two celestial beings live on the mountain, not eating or drinking. They gave me a pill that shines with colorful light.
After taking the pill for four or five days, wings grew on my body. With a light leap, riding on a cloud, I flew countless miles in the blink of an eye. I flew all over the four seas, the vast land, and couldn't see anything clearly.
Pengzu lived for seven hundred years, which is too long to imagine. Laozi went to the West and hasn't come back yet. The claims of immortality by Wang Qiao and Chisongzi are all false.
People who understand the truth can distinguish between true and false, while ignorant people like to spread falsehoods. Reflecting on those ancient matters is truly perplexing, and there are countless examples. There are too many strange sayings, yet I still trust in the teachings of the sages.
"Yan Ge Luo Fu Xing"
The sun rises in the southeast, casting its light on my family’s residence, the Qin house. The Qin family has a lovely daughter named Luo Fu. Luo Fu likes to raise silkworms and plant mulberries, picking mulberry leaves on the south side of the city. She uses green silk for ties and cassia twigs for hooks. She combs her hair in a Wo Duo bun and wears bright moon pearls on her ears. She is dressed in a yellow silk skirt and a purple silk top.
As passersby catch sight of Luo Fu, they set down their loads and stroke their beards, captivated by her beauty. Young men see Luo Fu, take off their hats, and adjust their headscarves. People who were plowing forget to plow, and those who were weeding forget to weed. When they regain their senses and start blaming one another, they can only sit idly by and watch Luo Fu.
An official from the south arrived, accompanied by five horses trotting leisurely. The official sent someone to ask, "Who is this beauty?" The Qin family has a lovely daughter named Luo Fu. How old is Luo Fu? She's just shy of twenty, a little over fifteen. The official thanked Luo Fu and wanted to invite her to ride in the carriage. Luo Fu said a few words first, "Sir, you are really foolish! You have a wife, and Luo Fu has a husband too."
From the east came thousands of cavalry, and Luo Fu's husband was at the front of the line. How did they recognize her husband? The white horse followed the black horse. Green silk tied the horse's tail, and gold adorned the horse's head. He carried the Deer Lu sword at his waist, valued at millions. At fifteen, he was a small official; at twenty, he was a high-ranking official in the court; at thirty, he was a court attendant; and at forty, he governed a region. He was honest and upright, with fair skin and a distinguished beard. He walked elegantly in the government office, slowly making his way through the mansion. In the mansion, thousands of people remarked that Luo Fu's husband was truly exceptional.
"Xi Men Xing"
After leaving the West Gate, I walked and thought. If you don't enjoy yourself today, when will you? Joyful things should be enjoyed while you can. How can you just sit there looking gloomy and wait for a better time? Let’s have some good wine and grill some fatty beef. Invite the people you like, and you can dispel your worries. Life rarely even reaches a hundred years, yet we often worry about living to a thousand. Days are short and nights are long; why not light a candle and take a stroll? Unless you’re like the immortal Wang Ziqiao, who can truly predict their lifespan? Life isn't set in stone; how can you predict it? Being greedy for money and stingy with it will only earn you scorn from future generations. This poem, "Folding Willow Walk," quietly tells four stories, all conveying a similar warning: be cautious, or disaster may follow. The first story warns that sneaky actions will surely lead to bad luck; the second story recounts how King Zhou killed Bi Gan despite Zui's advice against it, and Hu Hai, who pointed to deer as horses, also died in the end; the third story tells of King Fuchai, who killed Wu Zixu, while the King of Rong's favoring of female performers led to Yu Yu's demise, and there's a tale of the Guo state’s downfall over jade and horses; the final story describes three wrongdoers who colluded to harm others, while a kind mother searched everywhere for her lost shuttle. Bian He had his feet cut off for presenting jade, and ultimately, he could only return to his village.
Yuan Tao's poem "The Glorious Journey of the Capital and Luoyang" also tells five stories, all of which emphasize the importance of being cautious in one's actions and not seeking empty fame. The first story is about the peach trees in the garden that look beautiful but bear no fruit, just like false praise is useless; the second story is about Han Xin, who was favored but later killed, while only Zhang Liang saved himself; the third story is about Su Qin persuading the six states, which ultimately resulted in the destruction of all six states and his own execution; the fourth story is about Wu Qi, who, despite being clever, was overly ambitious and reckless, which ultimately led to his death; the final story is about Guo Jie, an ancient gentleman who served under King Yan Zhao, alongside the wise minister Le Yi, while Meng Changjun of Qi State resigned from high office and left for a distant land.
Bai Hu's "Yan Ge He Chang" or "Fei Hu Xing" tells the story of a pair of white cranes. A pair of white cranes flew in from the northwest, flying in a row; the mother crane fell ill, and the father crane wanted to take her away, but he could do nothing but watch his beloved die, consumed by grief. The final section is a lyrical piece expressing the sadness of parting and the hope for their reunion in the future.
"Leaving the Xia Gate" was written by Emperor Wu, and it contains four stories, but the specific details are not detailed in the original text.
I wander aimlessly, walking like a cloud, drifting like rain, crossing the banks of the Jiujiang River, observing the differences of all things in the world there. Thinking of traveling around, but not knowing where to go next. Walking to Jieshi Mountain, looking at the East Sea, filled with melancholy. And here, the journey of the clouds ends.
Next is the poem "Viewing the Cang Sea": "Facing Jieshi, to gaze upon the Cang Sea. The water stretches vast, with steep mountains and islands rising. Trees grow thick, all kinds of grass are lush. The autumn wind is bleak, the surging waves rise. The sun and moon move, as if coming out from it; the stars shine brightly, as if coming out from within. How fortunate, to sing and praise the ambition." I interpret this poem as a tribute to the breathtaking scenery.
Then there is "Winter October": "In the Early Winter of the tenth month, the north wind lingers. The weather is cold and clear, with heavy frost. The kites call in the morning, the wild geese fly south, the birds hide, and the bears hibernate. Money and clothing are set aside, and farmers finish harvesting and store their crops. The inn is prepared to welcome the passing merchants. How fortunate! Sing to express aspirations." This poem describes the scene of cold winter in October, with farming activities ending and inns ready to welcome traveling merchants.
Next is "Cold in the River": "Different hometowns, the cold of the Hebei region. The water is frozen, making boat travel difficult. The ground is too hard to till, and the weeds are thick. The water is stagnant, and the ice is thick. Scholars are poor, and heroes are not valued. Hearts are full of complaints and sorrows. How fortunate! Sing to express aspirations." This poem depicts the cold in the northern borderlands, where life is difficult, scholars are poor, and heroes are not appreciated, filled with helplessness and sadness.
Lastly, there is "Though the Divine Turtle is Long-Lived": "Even the divine turtle has a limited lifespan; the soaring snake in the mist will eventually turn to dust. The old horse rests in the stable, with aspirations for a thousand miles; the heroic elder, in his twilight years, still holds onto his ambitions. The time of abundance and decline is not only in the heavens; the joy of contentment can lead to a long life. How fortunate! Sing to express aspirations." This poem talks about how even the divine turtle will eventually come to the end of its life, but one can still maintain ambitions even in old age, with the key being self-cultivation.
Next is the ancient poem "Why Not Enjoy the Beautiful Song," which I will interpret from several angles: First, why not, why can't we always be happy and worry-free? The best way is to drink good wine and eat fatty beef! Secondly, my eldest brother is a high-ranking official, my second brother wears a luxurious sable coat and enjoys great prestige. Thirdly, although my younger brother has no official position, he rides a horse and often visits the mansions of nobles and officials, living well. Furthermore, even within the noble palaces, we can still happily enjoy games like cuju, liubo, and chess. Finally, in life, everyone should strive hard; time is short and passes quickly!
When we were young, we've known each other, and we've been through a lot of hardships together. Let's not mention those angry quarrels anymore, as we are about to part ways. I plan to serve the monarch well, and I cannot be careless with etiquette. I owe an apology to heaven above and to the young children below. Alas, why is it that as I grow older, my heart feels increasingly uneasy? Who will understand my solitary sorrow? ("少小"下为趋曲，前为艳.)
This poem "Wild Field Yellow Bird" (also known as "Empty Lord's Prelude") was written by Donga Wang and has four interpretations.
The first interpretation is: Setting up a feast in the high palace, friends come to accompany me. The kitchen is preparing a feast, cooking lamb and slaughtering cattle. The Qin zither sounds grand and passionate, while the Qi zither sounds gentle and melodious.
The second interpretation is: Yang'a's dance is unique and beautiful, the Jingluo area is filled with famous songs. Everyone drinks three cups of wine heartily, loosens their belts, and eats various delicious dishes. The host wishes me a long life like the Nan mountain, while the guests wish me longevity.
The third interpretation is: Long-lasting friendships should not be forgotten, and brief separations are regrettable. What more could I wish for, given the modesty of a gentleman? Good times will not come again, and a hundred years pass in the blink of an eye.
The fourth interpretation is: The strong wind blows away the white clouds, and time flies westward. Living in a magnificent house while alive, yet after death, one must return to the hills. Who among the ancients did not die? Knowing one's fate, what is there to worry about?
Next, we have the lyrics of "Man Ge Xing," another ancient poem, with four interpretations as well.
The first interpretation is: The happy days did not last long before encountering the harsh realities of life, experiencing various partings; oppressed by villains, burdened with worries difficult to bear. Gazing at the North Star, as the moonlight moves to the west. Sorrow surges in my heart, who else can understand me?
The second interpretation is: there are many worries in the heart, always restless at night. Misfortune and fortune are unpredictable; I only think of the ancients, resigning from office to return to the countryside and farm. Having fulfilled my wish, my heart is now at peace. Although I am humble, being able to preserve this tranquility is also an honor.
The third interpretation is: the autumn wind rustles as I head west towards the sea, feeling restless inside. I put on my clothes and look up at the night sky, the Big Dipper twinkling. The starlight shines down on me as I leave, seeking nothing more. Serving my parents, the toil is beyond words.
The fourth interpretation is: poverty and wealth are all fated; wise people don’t fret; they worry less and enjoy more. Finding contentment in poverty and joy in the journey, emulating Zhuangzi. Those who leave a hidden reputation are the true nobles, like Zixi and me experiencing hardships. The two sages, their names will last forever.
Friends, why be unhappy while drinking, singing, and dancing? Look at the sun, moon, and stars, constantly revolving day and night. What have you gained in life, and what have you given up? How foolish it is to be greedy for wealth and stingy! Life is as tough as striking flint for fire; how long can you live? So, be happy, enjoy life to the fullest, cultivate good virtues; only then can you live to be a hundred!
This poem speaks of Xiamen, or maybe Longxi. Walking out of Xiamen, climbing up Shouyang Mountain, ah, it makes me think of Boyi and Shuqi; Confucius praised their nobility! The gentleman yields, the petty compete for dominance; only these two are still praised by people until now. The world changes, time flies, the sun and moon pass swiftly; who can endure for long? Ah, better to be happy!
Another poem describes the evening autumn wind, the mournful autumn cicadas drifting unpredictably with the wind. I look back, clouds swirling, red clouds covering the sky, a rainbow piercing the sky. The weak water flows slowly, leaves falling gently, lonely birds losing their companions, mourning. Ah, better to be happy!
In the morning, I strolled by the clear spring, only thinking of going home in the evening. Time passes quickly; the crows have already flown south. I circled the tree three times, but couldn't find a branch to perch on. Suddenly caught in a storm, the branches all broke. The male birds flew away in shock, while the female birds perched alone in sorrow. After losing their companions at night, they wailed and wandered. Thorns grew thick, and vines spread. I empathize with them, feeling a deep loneliness. Just as the moon waxes full and then wanes, flowers bloom only to wither. The ancients have long said these truths; alas, such is life!
The final stanza of this poem praises the emperor's great virtues, who rules with benevolence, in harmony with heaven and earth. The sunlight shines bright, dispelling all darkness, as time passes and all things change. His civil and military achievements are perfectly balanced, and the people live in peace and contentment. He quelled the rebellions in Wu and Shu, and the people all looked up to him with immense gratitude. For the sake of the people, the emperor grew angry and set out from Xuchang Palace with his army, sailing to the battlefield.
The next day, sailing downstream, the boatmen sang low, mournful songs. Officials were busy in the sunlight, with flags proudly raised. This likely depicts the scene of a battle underway. To raise the battle flag and axe, showcasing power to the enemy. To punish criminals, console the people, and pacify the southeastern borders. This passage describes a war aimed at quelling the rebellion and restoring peace to the region.
Wang Jun, the magistrate of Luoyang, hailed from Yizhou Guanghan, and started his official career at a young age, with an excellent education and mastery of the Five Classics. This outlines Wang Jun's background and knowledge. He was very knowledgeable about laws and regulations, coming from a long line of officials. After becoming the magistrate of Luoyang, he governed the region well, deeply respected by the people, caring for everyone like a dedicated father.
He enforced the law strictly on the outside but was kind and generous within. With both civil governance and military acumen, he understood the rich and poor among the people, even going so far as to help those who had erred by changing their names and identities, giving them a chance to start anew.
He severely punishes murderers, and their accomplices also receive severe punishment. He also prohibits the use of eight-foot-long spears, arrests those reckless young people, punishes them harshly, and then conducts a public trial at the horse market.
He never imposes taxes without reason, always seeking justice for the people, ordering officials to carefully handle cases, and not to make things difficult for the people. He even spent only thirty coins to buy a rope and a wooden stick for official matters.
What a good official he is! Our Lord King! All his subordinates are talented officials, and they all work wholeheartedly for the emperor.
During his term, he never dared to bend the law for private gain. He lived a simple and diligent life, working day and night. His accomplishments in office are impressive and renowned everywhere.
Unfortunately, he passed away early in his prime. People built a shrine for him right next to Anyang Pavilion. Hopefully, future generations will remember him and pass down his deeds.
This poem has a tone similar to that of the earlier boat song.
The sunshine is as bright as the clouds on the mountain, and the moonlight is as radiant as the moon in the clouds. I heard you had a change of heart, so I came to end things with you. This poem expresses the woman's determination to break free.
We used to drink and chat together in the city, never having disagreements. Today we drink together; tomorrow we will go our separate ways. I walk along the moat, watching the water flow east and west. This part paints the picture of their farewell.
There are woodcutters in the east, and there are woodcutters in the west. The two woodcutters push each other, having no family ties; who's going to suck up to whom? This part is the woman's rhetorical question, expressing her views on worldly relationships.
I feel really sad inside; even if I get married, I won't shed a tear. I just want to find someone who truly loves me so we can grow old together. This part expresses the woman's longing for love.
How slender is the bamboo pole, how light is the fish tail! If men wish to understand one another, why resort to money and swords? Just like five horses munching on bran, a hermit by the river is at play. Today we are happy together, hoping we will all live to a hundred. This expresses a woman's yearning for love and expectations for the future.
On the cover of a book is written the title "Ziluo Duo Duo Nai He."
This poem is called "Bright Moon," written by Dong A Wang, with seven paragraphs.
First paragraph: The bright moon casts its light on the tall building, moonlight flowing, lingering. Upstairs lives a sorrowful woman, so sad that it breaks one's heart.
Second paragraph: I asked her why she was so sad; she said she was the wife of a husband far away. Her husband has been away for more than ten years, and she has been living alone.
Third paragraph: My longing for you is more intense than thirst and stronger than hunger. You are like a cypress on a high mountain, so noble and upright; while I am like dirty soil, lowly and insignificant.
Fourth paragraph: The north wind is howling, the biting cold wind rushing into my ears. I think of my distant husband in my heart, tears flowing uncontrollably.
Fifth paragraph: Our fate is like a drifting boat, each drifting, not knowing when we will meet. I wish to be a northeast wind, carrying you to my side.
Sixth paragraph: There has never been a place for me in your heart; what am I to do? Our love is cut off halfway; let it drift away with the wind.
Seventh paragraph: I want to bring this song to an end; it is too sad and too long. Today we are happy together; let's not forget each other once we part!
